The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state
Open accessAbstract
Consciousness has two main components: wakefulness and awareness. The vegetative state is characterized by wakefulness without awareness. Recent functional neuroimaging results have shown that some parts of the cortex are still functioning in 'vegetative' patients. External stimulation, such as a painful stimulus, still activates 'primary' sensory cortices in these patients but these areas are functionally disconnected from 'higher order' associative areas needed for awareness. Such studies are disentangling the neural correlates of the vegetative state from the minimally conscious state, and have major clinical consequences in addition to empirical importance for the understanding of consciousness.
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In studies of disorders of consciousness in humans, the idea of 'levels of consciousness' has been influential.
“In studies of disorders of consciousness in humans, the idea of ‘levels of consciousness’ has been influential [8].”
From Dimensions of Animal Consciousness (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
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Self-citationIntegrating the Science of Consciousness and Anesthesia
Mashour, G. A. (2006) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000232442.69757.4a · Cited by 130 · see citing works
On the Neural Mechanisms Subserving Consciousness and Attention
Tallon‐Baudry, C. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00397 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Processed electroencephalogram in depth of anesthesia monitoring
Palanca, B. J. A., Mashour, G. A., & Avidan, M. S. (2009) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0b013e3283304032 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Emerging Roles of the Brain’s Default Network
Mantini, D., & Vanduffel, W. (2012) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858412446202 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
An integrative, multiscale view on neural theories of consciousness
Storm, J. F., Klink, P. C., Aru, J., Senn, W., Goebel, R., Pigorini, A., Avanzini, P., Vanduffel, W., Roelfsema, P. R., Massimini, M., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.004 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Inadditiontorepresentinginformationcontent,localcircuitsun-dergo changes in neuromodulatory state with different ‘‘levels’’ of arousal (reflectingone ofthe main‘‘classical’’ ‘‘dimensionsofcon-sciousness 157 ’’; but see Hill and Tononi, 158 Laureys et al., 159 and Bayne etal.”
Liu, X., Lauer, K. K., Ward, B. D., Rao, S. M., Li, S., & Hudetz, A. G. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21385 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Propagated infra-slow intrinsic brain activity reorganizes across wake and slow wave sleep
Mitra, A., Snyder, A. Z., Tagliazucchi, E., Laufs, H., & Raichle, M. E. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.10781 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Terlouw, C. E. M., Bourguet, C., & Deiss, V. (2016) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.011 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Classical conditioning in the vegetative and minimally conscious state
Bekinschtein, T. A., Shalóm, D. E., Forcato, C., Herrera, M., Coleman, M. R., Manes, F. F., & Sigman, M. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2391 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
What is it like to be vegetative or minimally conscious?
Laureys, S., & Boly, M. (2007) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e3282f1d6dd · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep and the functional connectome
Picchioni, D., Duyn, J. H., & Horovitz, S. G. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.067 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Loss of consciousness reduces the stability of brain hubs and the heterogeneity of brain dynamics
López‐González, A., Panda, R., Ponce‐Alvarez, A., Zamora‐López, G., Escrichs, A., Martial, C., Thibaut, A., Gosseries, O., Kringelbach, M. L., Annen, J., et al. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02537-9 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroimaging and Disorders of Consciousness: Envisioning an Ethical Research Agenda
Fins, J. J., Illes, J., Bernat, J. L., Joy Hirsch, C., Laureys, S., & Murphy, E. R. (2008) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265160802318113 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationHoming in on consciousness in the nervous system: An action-based synthesis
Morsella, E., Godwin, C. A., Jantz, T. K., Krieger, S. C., & Gazzaley, A. H. (2015) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000643 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The olfactory system as the gateway to the neural correlates of consciousness
Merrick, C. M., Godwin, C. A., Geisler, M. W., & Morsella, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.01011 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Thalamic contributions to the state and contents of consciousness
Whyte, C. J., Redinbaugh, M. J., Shine, J. M., & Saalmann, Y. B. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.019 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Disorders of consciousness: What's in a name?
Gosseries, O., Bruno, M., Chatelle, C., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Caroline Schnakers, A., Soddu, A., & Laureys, S. (2011) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-2011-0625 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationEapen, B. C., Georgekutty, J., Subbarao, B. S., Bavishi, S., & Cifu, D. X. (2017) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2016.12.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Brain Connectivity in Disorders of Consciousness
Boly, M., Massimini, M., Garrido, M. I., Gosseries, O., Noirhomme, Q., Laureys, S., & Soddu, A. (2012) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2011.0049 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationThe self and its resting state in consciousness: An investigation of the vegetative state
Huang, Z., Dai, R., Wu, X., Yang, Z., Liu, D., Hu, J., Gao, L., Tang, W., Mao, Y. Q., Jin, Y., et al. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22308 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationTDCS modulates cortical excitability in patients with disorders of consciousness
Bai, Y., Xia, X., Kang, J., Yang, Y., He, J., & Xiaoli Li, A. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.01.025 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Functional geometry of the cortex encodes dimensions of consciousness
Huang, Z., Mashour, G. A., & Hudetz, A. G. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35764-7 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Cognitive Event-Related Potentials in Comatose and Post-Comatose States
Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Laureys, S., & Perrin, F. (2007) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-007-9016-0 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationComparing the Major Theories of Consciousness
Block, N. J. (2009) · The Cognitive Neurosciences · doi:10.7551/mitpress/8029.003.0099 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Cognitive Science: An Introduction to the Science of the Mind
Bermúdez, J. L. (2020) · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Bachmann, T., & Hudetz, A. G. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00940 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
- Authors
- Laureys, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Liège (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Laureys, Steven
- ORCID
- Laureys, Steven
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 556-559
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087302183
- Cited by
- 813
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 1.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- vegetative state, awareness, consciousness, neural correlates of consciousness, wakefulness, minimally conscious state, sensory cortex, association cortex, functional disconnection, pain perception
- MeSH terms
- Agnosia, Awareness, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Consciousness, Energy Metabolism, Epilepsy, Absence, Higher Nervous Activity, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Nerve Net, Pain, Somnambulism, Wakefulness, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Epilepsy, Complex Partial, Persistent Vegetative State, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Positron-Emission Tomography
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