The Malleability of Intertemporal Choice
Open accessAbstract
Intertemporal choices are ubiquitous: people often have to choose between outcomes realized at different times. Although it is generally believed that people have stable tendencies toward being impulsive or patient, an emerging body of evidence indicates that intertemporal choice is malleable and can be profoundly influenced by context. How the choice is framed, or the state of the decision-maker at the time of choice, can induce a shift in preference. Framing effects are underpinned by allocation of attention to choice attributes, reference dependence, and time construal. Incidental affective states and prospection also influence intertemporal choice. We advocate that intertemporal choice models account for these context effects, and encourage the use of this knowledge to nudge people toward making more advantageous choices.
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Drawing attention toward magnitude and away from delay should lead to decreased DD rates.
“Drawing attention toward magnitude and away from delay should lead to decreased DD rates”
From Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Lempert & Phelps, 2016
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Fabio Paglieri, A., Addessi, E., Sbaffi, A., Tasselli, M. I., & Delfino, A. (2014) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.118 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Reward contrast in delay and probability discounting
Dai, Z., Grace, R. C., & Kemp, S. P. T. (2009) · Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/lb.37.3.281 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The hidden opportunity cost of time effect on intertemporal choice
Zhao, C., Jiang, C., Zhou, L., Li, S., Rao, L., & Zheng, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00311 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Nicotine deprivation, temporal discounting and choice consistency in heavy smokers
Roewer, I., Wiehler, A., & Peters, J. (2015) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.134 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [62]Frijda NH The Emotions 1986 Cambridge University Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rung, J. M., & Madden, G. J. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000462 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review
Scholten, H., Scheres, A., de Water, E., Graf, U., Granic, I., & Luijten, M. (2019) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01629-2 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The influence of episodic foresight on delay discounting and demand for alcohol
Bulley, A., & Gullo, M. J. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.11.003 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Bulley, A., Lempert, K. M., Conwell, C., Irish, M., & Schacter, D. L. (2022) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B · doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0338 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationNow or not-now? The influence of alexithymia on intertemporal decision-making
Scarpazza, C., Sellitto, M., & di Pellegrino, G. (2017) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2017.03.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lempert, K. M., & Phelps, E. A.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Phelps, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-74
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4698025
- OpenAlex
- W2181691336
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG039283)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Keywords
- intertemporal choice, impulsivity, patience, framing effects, context effects, reference dependence, attention allocation, affective states, prospection, nudging, preference change
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Time Factors, Delay Discounting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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