Imagining the future self through thought experiments
Open accessAbstract
The ability of the mind to conceptualize what is not present is essential. It allows us to reason counterfactually about what might have happened had events unfolded differently or had another course of action been taken. It allows us to think about what might happen - to perform 'Gedankenexperimente' (thought experiments) - before we act. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms mediating this ability are poorly understood. We suggest that the frontopolar cortex (FPC) keeps track of and evaluates alternative choices (what we might have done), whereas the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (alPFC) compares simulations of possible future scenarios (what we might do) and evaluates their reward values. Together, these brain regions support the construction of suppositional scenarios.
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Variation in prospective confidence prior to even taking a decision determines which decision problems an individual attempts to solve in the first place.
“while variation in prospective confidence prior to even taking a decision determines which decision problems an individual attempts to solve in the first place.12”
From Two prefrontal-subcortical circuits estimate controllability and reflect its impact on learning (2026) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Miyamoto, K., Rushworth, M. F. S., & Shea, N.
- Affiliations
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science (JP)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Miyamoto, Kentaro
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 446-455
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4321213170
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SAS-Space (University of London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Research Council
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22H00092, JP22K18665)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP22wm0525034)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Wellcome Trust (221794/Z/20/Z)
- Horizon 2020 (681422)
- Medical Research Council (MR/P024955/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- thought experiments, counterfactual reasoning, future self, frontopolar cortex, scenario simulation, reward evaluation, alternative selection
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prefrontal Cortex
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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