Cited by 3,823Diverse Aspects of Tourism ResearchDigital Marketing and Social MediaHospitality and Tourism Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 173 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 85 sources its claims cite were checked for support.

Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research

Open access

Buhalis, Dimitrios, Law, Rob·2008·Tourism Management

DOI 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review synthesizes two decades of eTourism research and argues that ICTs have transformed tourism demand, supply, and industry structure. It identifies consumer-centric technologies as the likely future focus and calls for broader, more empirical research.

Key findings

The review analyzed more than 149 relevant publications and organized the field around three main axes: consumers and demand, technological innovation, and industry/business functions.
Cited bibliometric evidence includes Frew’s estimate of 665 refereed articles from 1980–1999, and Leung and Law’s finding of 4,140 papers in six leading hospitality/tourism journals from 1986–2005, of which 195 focused on ICTs, 66 appeared in Cornell Quarterly and only 5 in Annals of Tourism Research; among the 195, 137 (70.26%) had at least one author affiliated with a North American institution.
The Internet changed consumer behavior through direct information search, online booking, price comparison and transparency, dynamic packaging, virtual travel communities/Web 2.0, and electronic complaints/word-of-mouth; barriers include payment security, privacy, lack of personal service, inexperience, and time.
Technological and industry themes include interoperability/ontologies, multimedia/3D/telepresence, mobile/wireless/WiMAX/location-based services, website usability/accessibility, and ambient intelligence; the Internet alters competitive forces, distribution, disintermediation, branding, and pricing.

Methods

Literature review of eTourism publications over 20 years, searching ScienceDirect, EBSCOHost’s tourism and hospitality index, and Google Scholar between April 2007 and January 2008 using keyword combinations, plus key references from mainstream journals and ENTER proceedings.
More than 149 relevant articles were selected and analyzed, then grouped thematically into demand, technology, and industry dimensions, with implications and future research directions.

Limitations

Stated: the review predominantly includes publications from tourism publication channels; it uses an unsophisticated method for grouping articles; it lacks empirical data from industry practitioners and academic researchers on the applicability and implications of the reviewed work; future studies should extend the publication period and analyze findings progressively.
Evident from the text: the paper is a narrative/thematic synthesis rather than a systematic quantitative meta-analysis or primary empirical study, and the cited bibliometric data note a North American affiliation skew that may limit generalizability.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005

Cites

173 of 173 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

3 of 85 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“VTCs, however, may be at risk of losing members if their members are not satisfied with the content, design, security policies, and repercussions for non-compliance with community rules (Allison et al., 2005;Wang et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Allison et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wang et al., 2002 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Oorni and Klein (2003), however, found that low cost airlines have high online booking ratios because they offer simple products and are pursuing a direct sales strategy.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Oorni and Klein (2003) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“In addition, satisfaction online has a positive impact on loyalty both to the organisational programmes and their website (Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Research findings have shown privacy issues also play a significant role in inhibiting purchase of travel-related products online (Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) is a useful tool to disseminate complaints about brands via websites, chat rooms and consumer forums (Gelb & Sundaram, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gelb & Sundaram, 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“The Internet has changed tourism consumer behaviour dramatically (Mills & Law, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Mills & Law, 2004
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“At present, there is a large increase in the number of customers who make reservations directly from hotel websites (Jeong et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jeong et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes

Show all 24 claims

Probably not a substantial claim. 68
It may state two separate claims as one. 47

The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supported
  The Search section states that electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining price and product information and sellers’ costs of communicating it. It also says lower search costs help buyers identify products that better match their needs, supporting the citing sentence’s account of lower-cost information exchange. (LLM, conf=0.88)
  cites Bakos, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Research found substantial price dispersion for domestic airline tickets offered by online travel agents in the US where the average price was lower than traditional travel agents (Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000;Clemons et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000 source
- Partly supported
  The Abstract and Introduction report substantial price dispersion among online travel agents, and the study’s ticket requests were for travel entirely within the U.S. (data notes). The Introduction says requests were drawn from a traditional agent’s travel patterns, but the cited passages compare prices among online agents, not their average price with traditional agents. (LLM, conf=0.87)
  cites Clemons et al., 2002 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supported
  The Search section says electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining information about sellers’ prices and product features. It adds that lower search costs help buyers identify and purchase products that better match their needs. (LLM, conf=0.94)
  cites Bakos, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“out of 4140 papers published in the six leading research journals in hospitality and tourism in the period of 1986 to 2005”
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH · plain
  “195 papers focused on ICTs, 66 of which appeared in the CQ and only 5 in the ATR.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Technological progress and tourism have been going hand in hand for years (Sheldon, 1997;Poon, 1993).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Sheldon, 1997
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Poon, 1993 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs play a critical role for the competitiveness of tourism organisations and destinations as well as for the entire industry as a whole (UNWTO, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites UNWTO, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Developments in ICTs have undoubtedly changed both business practices and strategies as well as industry structures (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICTs have also changed radically the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism organisations, the way that businesses are conducted in the marketplace, as well as how consumers interact with organisations (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The establishment of the Computer Reservations Systems (CRSs) in the 1970s and Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) in the late 1980s, followed by the development of the Internet in the late 1990s, have transformed the best operational and strategic practices in the industry dramatically (Buhalis, 2003;O'Connor, 1999;Emmer et al,, 1993;eBusiness Watch, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor, 1999 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Emmer et al,, 1993 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the Internet era even individuals have sufficient power to take on powerful organizations such as airlines (Buhalis, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ICTs convergence effectively integrates the entire range of hardware, software, groupware, netware and humanware and blurs the boundaries between equipment and software (Werthner & Klein,1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Werthner & Klein,1999 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Internet is already influencing the consumer behaviour in developing countries such as China enabling consumers to have much more choice (Li & Buhalis, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Li & Buhalis, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) research, the reasons of consumers not purchasing travel products online are the lack of personal service, security issues, lack of experience, and time consuming.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002) summarized the Internet users' profile into seven e-social factors, namely: region/geography, culture, legal/regulation/policy, economic, ethical/professional, social capital/social networks, and social structure.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ICTs not only reduce uncertainty and perceived risks but also enhance the quality of trips (Fodness & Murray, 1997).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fodness & Murray, 1997 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) study finds that utilitarianconsumption highly correlates with information search and online shopping behaviour.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Ricci (2002) further stated that a recommender system can provide valuable information to assist consumers' decision making process.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ricci (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“At present, many tourism practitioners do not know which VTCs exist and how to handle e-complaints in virtual communities, resulting in losing customers and negative WOM (Mattila & Mount, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mattila & Mount, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the past, less than 5 percent of customers who were dissatisfied had actually voiced out their complaints (Albrecht & Zemke, 1985).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Albrecht & Zemke, 1985
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Customers search for travel related information, make online air ticket bookings, online room reservations, and other online purchases themselves instead of relying on travel agencies to undertake this process for them (Morrison et al., 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison et al., 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Graeupl (2006), flight information and accommodation are the most searched topics for the consumers aged between 50 to 60 years olds, and most of them were not interested in package holidays.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Graeupl (2006)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs enable travellers to access reliable and accurate information as well as to undertake reservations in a fraction of time, cost and inconvenience required by conventional methods (O'Connor, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor, 1999 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many consumers rely on WOM to reduce the perceived risks and uncertainty before they make any purchases (Walker, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walker, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Leading global online travel agents, such as Expedia, Orbitz, Lastminute.com,Opodo and Travelocity, are mainly successful for their provision of a platform for one-stop shopping with significant improvement in usability and interaction design (Klein, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klein, 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Weber and Roehl (1999) found that people purchasing travel products online are more likely to have been online for four years or more”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Weber and Roehl (1999) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Technology therefore emerges as an”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In recent years, children, however, also play a key role in the decision making process (Wang et al., 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Wang et al., 2004
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A recommender system can support travellers in a complex decision-making process by identifying better customer requirements and by correlating those to other consumers and their preferences (Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003, Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although different recommendation technologies have been applied to eTourism, Rabanser and Ricci (2005) argued that the existence of different business models present application challenges.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rabanser and Ricci (2005) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Buhalis (1998) stated that potential tourists have become more independent and sophisticated on using a wide range of tools to arrange for their trips.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis (1998) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“According to Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990), the four major factors that influence information search in the tourism context are i) the composition of vacation groups, ii) the presence of families and friends at the destination, iii) prior visits to the destination, and iv) the degree of novelty associated with the destination.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Frew (2000) estimated that 665 refereed articles were published in the 20 years period 1980 through 1999.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Frew (2000) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Personality has been related to the selection of vacation destinations, the choice of leisure activities throughout the vacation, and other travel-related decisions (Mardrigal, 1995).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Mardrigal, 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A Virtual Travel Community (VTC) makes it easier for people to obtain information, maintain connections, develop relationships, and eventually make travel-related decisions (Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Despite VTCs' large potential impact on the tourism industry, Preece (2000) stated that research on the topic is still at an infancy stage when comparing to other geographical and physical communities.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Preece (2000)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Previous research showed that tourists who searched on the Internet tended to spend more at their destinations as compared to those who consult other information sources (Bonn, Furr, & Susskind, 1998;Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bonn, Furr, & Susskind, 1998 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Travellers expect websites to be informative, interactive, and attractive (Chu, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chu, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lastly, Cunliffe (2000) emphasized a poor web design resulted in a loss of 50 percent of potential sales and the negative experience lead to a loss of 40 percent of potential repeated visits.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cunliffe (2000) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“WiMAX promotes conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard and provides wireless data over a long distance (Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Staab and Werthner (2002) stated that interoperability is a major technical issue”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Staab and Werthner (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Internet is changing the industry structure by altering barriers to entry, minimising switching costs, revolutionising distribution channels, facilitating price transparency and competition, whilst enhancing production efficiency (Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) consolidated 25 tourism and hospitality website studies from 1996 to 2006 on website quality and features analysis and generated 74 website features.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobile services now enable travellers to book hotel rooms and air-tickets, car rentals, retrieve information about transportation schedules, travel guides for destinations, and dining guides (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The four primary functions of LBS for the traveller are: (1) localization of persons, objects, and places, (2) routing between them, (3) search for objects in proximity such as restaurants, shops, hotels, or sights, and (4) information about travelling conditions, such as traffic-related data (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Telepresence relies on how closely the computer-mediated experience simulates real-world interaction with a product and is determined by the extent to which interactivity is achieved (Fiore et al., 2005;Shih, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fiore et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Shih, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As a result, the Internet forces tourism organisations around the world to change their strategies dramatically (Buhalis & Zoge, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis & Zoge, 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Similarly, Maedche and Staab (2002;2003) showed that semantic web technologies can be used for tourism information systems to provide useful information on text and graphics, as well as generating a semantic description that is interpretable by machines.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Maedche and Staab (2002;2003)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“By using the Web and the Internet as marketing tools, tourism organizations also gained some distinct advantages in cost reduction, revenue growth, marketing research and database development, and customer retention (Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Han and Mills (2006) stated that the current website design have nine themes that will affect the screen readers for the visual-impaired users.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Han and Mills (2006)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The web therefore introduced utter transparency in the marketplace (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“WiMAX is expected to offer the highest possible coverage, up to 30 miles (Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007) providing Internet broadband wireless access to entire destinations.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007
Strength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Redesigning processes and eliminating repetitive tasks reduced labour costs and increased efficiency (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the Web allows people from around the world to virtually interact with a destination through three-dimensional (3D) virtual tours (Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Internet also enabled them to dynamically package their individualised products by combining different travel products (i.e.accommodation, transportation etc.) (Daniele & Frew, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Daniele & Frew, 2005 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A major challenge for their wide adoption, however, is the language barriers (Chen & Hsu, 2000) that make the mobile information not providing the latest information due to delay in translation.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chen & Hsu, 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Pricing became utterly transparent and hence the price that appeared in different distribution channels had to be coordinated to ensure price parity (O'Connor, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites O'Connor, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICT developments have direct impacts on the competitiveness of enterprises they determine the two fundamental roots to competitive advantage, i.e. differentiation and cost advantage (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Assistive technologies such as voice browsers can provide certain assistance for these customers to access web information (Pühretmair, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pühretmair, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“O'Connor and Murphy (2004) reviewed recent research on information technology in the hospitality industry and revealed three broad research areas: the Internet's effects on distribution; on pricing; and on consumer interactions.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor and Murphy (2004) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

90 of 90

The paper relies on this without support.
The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
The paper relies on this without support.
People with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.
“The hospitality and tourism industries should be aware of the fact that people with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.
“Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.”

3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

Main citation year differs from the reference
Minor
The text cites Main as a 2002 publication, but the reference list dates the corresponding work to 2001.
Two proceedings papers have the same page range
Minor
The references place two different papers on pages 163-174 of the same 2007 proceedings volume.
Two journal articles have the same page range
Minor
The references assign pages 105-116 of the same journal volume and issue to two different articles.
Li and Buhalis citation year differs from the reference
Minor
The text cites Li and Buhalis as a 2006 publication, while the corresponding reference lists it as 2005.

4 of 4

Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Rheingold, H. (1994) · Cited by 5,655
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
Untitled work
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 3,759
How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy
Porter, M. E. (1989) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_10 · Cited by 3,270
Frictionless commerce? A comparison of Internet and conventional retailers
Brynjolfsson, E., & Smith, M. D. (2000) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.46.4.563.12061 · Cited by 2,498
Decision support systems and intelligent systems
Turban, E., & Aronson, J. E. (1997) · University of Maribor digital library (University of Maribor) · Cited by 2,452
E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework
Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.10063 · Cited by 2,310
Reducing buyer search costs: Implications for electronic marketplaces
Bakos, J. Y. (1997) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1676 · Cited by 2,259
Web-Based Virtual Learning Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness in Basic it Skills Training1
Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250989 · Cited by 1,587

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 203 references

30 of the 203 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Baum, 2001, E-learning in hospitality and tourism. Education, Singapore's Knowledge Industry Journal, December, 32
Odinma, 2007, The trends in broadband wireless network technologies, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8, 118
Pouloudi, A., Vassilopoulou, K., & Ziouvelou, X. (2002). Considering the societal implications in the adoption of e-business models. In Proceedings of 6th international conference on the transformation of organizations in the information age: Social and ethical implications (ETHICOMP’2002), Lisbon, Portugal, 13–15 November (pp. 237–246).

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 3,804

A bibliometric review on knowledge management in tourism and hospitality: past, present and future trends
Fauzi, M. A. (2022) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-03-2022-0381 · Cited by 71
Factors affecting the attractiveness of medical tourism destination: an empirical study on India- review article.
Sultana, S., Haque, A., Momen, A., et al. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 70
Responses to consumer-generated media in the hospitality marketplace
Litvin, S. W., & Hoffman, L. M. (2012) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/1356766712443467 · Cited by 70
“…(Blackshaw and Nazzaro, 2006: 4), it is difficult to argue that CGM has fundamentally reshaped the way Corresponding author: Stephen W Litvin, School of Business, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA Email: LitvinS@CofC.edu people plan for and consume travel (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
Background
Is tourism a driver for smart specialization? Evidence from Apulia, an Italian region with a tourism vocation
Vecchio, P. D., & Passıante, G. (2017) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.09.005 · Cited by 70
The role of functional associations in building destination brand personality: When official websites do the talking
Vinyals-Mirabent, S., Kavaratzis, M., & Fernández-Cavia, J. (2019) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.04.022 · Cited by 74
From country stereotypes to country emotions to intentions to visit a country: implications for a country as a destination brand
Micevski, M., Diamantopoulos, A., & Erdbrügger, J. (2020) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-09-2019-2563 · Cited by 80
A generalizable sentiment analysis method for creating a hotel dictionary: using big data on TripAdvisor hotel reviews
Bagherzadeh, S., Shokouhyar‎, S., Jahani, H., & Σιγάλα, Μ. (2021) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-02-2020-0034 · Cited by 70
An associative engines based approach supporting collaborative analytics in the Internet of cultural things
Chianese, A., Marulli, F., Piccialli, F., Benedusi, P., & Jung, J. E. (2016) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2016.04.015 · Cited by 67
Digital economy drives tourism development—empirical evidence based on the UK
Tang, R. (2022) · Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja · doi:10.1080/1331677x.2022.2094443 · Cited by 69
“The large-scale application of information technology is a prerequisite for the digital economy to drive tourism development (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Smart city and smart destination planning: Examining instruments and perceived impacts in Spain
Baidal, J. A. I., Bernabéu, M. A. C., Femenia-Serra, F., Perles‐Ribes, J. F., & Rebollo, J. F. V. (2023) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2023.104266 · Cited by 70
AI-thenticity: Exploring the effect of perceived authenticity of AI-generated visual content on tourist patronage intentions
Bui, H. T., Filimonau, V., & Sezerel, H. (2024) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2024.100956 · Cited by 95
Using POI functionality and accessibility levels for delivering personalized tourism recommendations
Santos, J., Almeida, A. M. L., Martins, C. L., et al. (2017) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.08.007 · Cited by 69
A strategic framework for analysing employability skills deficits in rural hospitality and tourism destinations
Adeyinka-Ojo, S. (2018) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2018.04.005 · Cited by 69
Online travel behaviour across cohorts: T he impact of social influences and attitude on hotel booking intention
Confente, I., & Vigolo, V. (2018) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.2214 · Cited by 81
Community crosstalk: an exploratory analysis of destination and festival eWOM on Twitter
Williams, N. L., Inversini, A., Buhalis, D., & Ferdinand, N. (2015) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2015.1035308 · Cited by 68
“While this was achieved in the past by WOM, these narratives have increasingly moved online (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
An Importance Performance Analysis of smartphone applications for hotel chains
Chen, M.-M., Murphy, H. C., & Knecht, S. (2016) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.05.001 · Cited by 68
Emotional brand communication on Facebook and Twitter: Are DMOs successful?
Lalicic, L., Huertas, A., Moreno, A., & Jabreel, M. (2019) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.03.004 · Cited by 68
Understanding food experience in sharing-economy platforms: insights from Eatwith and Withlocals
Atsız, O., Çifçi, İ., & Law, R. (2021) · Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change · doi:10.1080/14766825.2021.1880419 · Cited by 71
“Rapid changes in information and communication technology (Buhalis & Law, 2008) and user-generated content (UGC; Gretzel & Yoo, 2008) have enabled travelers to easily access information related to a destination ’ s attributes and share their experiences with speci ﬁ c attractions.”
Self-citation
A bibliometric review on the development in e-tourism research
Singh, S., & Bashar, A. (2021) · International Hospitality Review · doi:10.1108/ihr-03-2021-0015 · Cited by 68
“The most cited authors in this cluster are Dimitrios Buhalis and Rob Law for their paper published in 2008 (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
Background
Smart destinations: a new planning and management approach?
Soares, J. C., Ruiz, T. C. D., & Baidal, J. A. I. (2021) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2021.1991897 · Cited by 86
“…et al., 2019), the business models or tourism distribution have led to critical changes that influence the tourism industry structure (Buhalis & Law, 2008) and suggest potential paradigm shifts (Hughes & Moscardo, 2019), including a new scenario for the planning and management of…”
Background
An analysis of the determinants of cruise traffic: An empirical application to the Spanish port system
Castillo-Manzano, J. I., Fageda, X., & Laxe, F. G. (2014) · Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review · doi:10.1016/j.tre.2014.03.008 · Cited by 68
“…embarkation, a large population of several million inhabitants in the surroundings of the port is a guarantee that cruise lines will be able to raise cruise ship occupation with last-minute special offers (see Buhalis and Law, 2008 on the growing importance of these offers in the tourist industry).”
Background
Affiliate Marketing in Tourism
Gregori, N., Daniele, R., & Altınay, L. (2013) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287513491333 · Cited by 69
“This is surprising, as the tourism sector has traditionally been at the forefront of adopting information technologies to tackle industry-specific distribution problems (e.g., distressed inventories, seasonality) (Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background
Antecedents and outcomes of marketing innovation: An empirical analysis in the hotel industry
Nieves, J., & Díaz-Meneses, G. (2016) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-11-2014-0589 · Cited by 69
The impact of perceived security and consumer innovativeness on e-loyalty in online travel shopping
Feng, C., Lin, D., & Qu, H. (2018) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2017.1422452 · Cited by 67
“Buhalis and Law (2008) stated that this new level of interactivity has altered the structure of the tourism industry and accelerated tourism business.”
Background
Analysing tourism destination promotion through Facebook by Destination Marketing Organizations of India
Kumar, P., Mishra, J. M., & Rao, Y. V. (2021) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2021.1921713 · Cited by 68
Trustworthiness of Travel 2.0 applications and their influence on tourist behaviour: an empirical investigation in Italy
Chiappa, G. D. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0503-0_27 · Cited by 67
An exploratory study of the role of pervasive environments for promotion of tourism destinations
Pantano, E., & Servidio, R. C. (2011) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/17579881111112412 · Cited by 68
Typology of senior travellers as users of tourism information technology
Pesonen, J. A., Komppula, R., & Riihinen, A. (2015) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-015-0032-1 · Cited by 75
“According to Buhalis and Law (2008), ICT developments have direct impacts on the competitiveness of enterprises and thus on tourism destinations.”
Background
Older adults’ parasocial interaction formation process in the context of travel websites: The moderating role of parent-child geographic proximity
Kim, I., & Kim, J. J. (2017) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.07.012 · Cited by 68
Social media and co-creative service innovation: an empirical study
Sarmah, B., Kamboj, S., & Kandampully, J. A. (2018) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-03-2017-0079 · Cited by 81
Marketing Efforts Related to Social Media Channels and Mobile Application Usage in Tourism: Case Study in Istanbul
GÜLBAHAR, M. O., & Yildirim, F. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.489 · Cited by 66
“Certainly, in the future, internet oriented tourism will use customer integrated technologies more common which enables companies to interact with their customers interactively (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Will firm's marketing efforts on owned social media payoff? A quasi-experimental analysis of tourism products
Chang, H., Chou, Y., Wu, D.-Y., & Wu, S.-C. (2017) · Decision Support Systems · doi:10.1016/j.dss.2017.12.011 · Cited by 69
“Social media has dramatically changed how consumers plan and buy travel-related products (Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background
Review of critical discourse analysis in tourism studies
Qian, J., Wei, J., & Law, R. (2018) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.2202 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
Smart tourists as a profiling market segment: Implications for DMOs
Gajdošík, T. (2020) · Tourism Economics · doi:10.1177/1354816619844368 · Cited by 49
“…1997), it was the commercialization of the Internet in 1990s that has reshaped the tourism market (Werthner and Klein, 1999) and has resulted in the digitalization of all processes and value chains in tourism (Buhalis, 2003; Buhalis and Law, 2008), and thus creating the baseline for e-tourism.”
BackgroundMethod
Tourism analysis at Asinara Island (Italy): Carrying capacity and web evaluations in two pocket beaches
Corbau, C., Benedetto, G., Congiatu, P. P., et al. (2018) · Ocean & Coastal Management · doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.12.004 · Cited by 65
A digital response system to mitigate overtourism. The case of Dubrovnik
Camatti, N., Bertocchi, D., Carić, H., & van der Borg, J. (2020) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2020.1828230 · Cited by 82
Exploring consumer behavior to purchase travel online in Fiji and Solomon Islands? An extension of the UTAUT framework
Sharma, S., Singh, G., Pratt, S., & Narayan, J. J. (2020) · International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research · doi:10.1108/ijcthr-03-2020-0064 · Cited by 70
Big data from dynamic pricing: A smart approach to tourism demand forecasting
Guizzardi, A., Pons, F., Angelini, G., & Ranieri, E. (2020) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2020.11.006 · Cited by 68
Location-based services and tourism: possible implications for destination
Pedrana, M. (2014) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.868411 · Cited by 65
Importance of Social Media in the Image Formation of Tourist Destinations from the Stakeholders’ Perspective
Heras-Pedrosa, C. D. L., Millán-Celis, E., Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P., & Jambrino-Maldonado, C. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12104092 · Cited by 97
“The tourist industry is one of the sectors where the use of new communication technologies has had the greatest impact [2,3].”
Background
Information and Communication Technologies in tourism
Ráthonyi, G. (2011) · Acta Agraria Debreceniensis · doi:10.34101/actaagrar/44/2605 · Cited by 64
Giving offense and making amends: How hotel management attempts to manage rapport with dissatisfied customers
Ho, V. (2017) · Journal of Pragmatics · doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2016.12.001 · Cited by 64
Forty years of the rural tourism research: reviewing the trend, pattern and future agenda
Karali, A., Das, S., & Roy, H. (2021) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2021.1961065 · Cited by 65
“Science Direct is a well argued and valid browsing platform to generate the best search results, especially in the listing of the indexed journal articles grounded on a keyword-based searching criterion (Andrea, 2012; Buhalis & Law, 2008; Zhang et al., 2009).”
Background
Impact of multisensory extended reality on tourism experience journey
Santoso, H. B., Wang, J., & Windasari, N. A. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-01-2021-0036 · Cited by 67
Making sense of smart tourism destinations: A qualitative text analysis from Sweden
Gelter, J., Fuchs, M., & Lexhagen, M. (2022) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2022.100690 · Cited by 89
Deep learning in hospitality and tourism: a research framework agenda for future research
Essien, A. E., & Chukwukelu, G. (2022) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-09-2021-1176 · Cited by 73
Decoding the Trends and the Emerging Research Directions of Digital Tourism in the Last Three Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis
Kalia, P., Mladenović, D., & Acevedo-Duque, Á. (2022) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440221128179 · Cited by 63
“Citation analysis revealed that Buhalis and Law (2008) have the highest number of citations as they have comprehensively covered the progress of tourism research after and before the advent of the IT revolution.”
Background
The main paths of eTourism: trends of managing tourism through Internet
Chuang, T. C., Liu, J. S., Lu, L. Y. Y., Tseng, F.-M., Lee, Y., & Chang, C.-T. (2016) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2016.1220963 · Cited by 63
“These terms are gathered from reading five review articles in the field: Frew (2000), O’Connor and Murphy (2004), Buhalis and Law (2008), Law, Leung, and Buhalis (2009), and Leung, Law, van Hoof, and Buhalis (2013); they are further separated into three categories.”
Background
An Experimental Investigation on the Determinants of Online Hotel Booking Intention
Park, K., Ha, J., & Park, J. (2017) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2017.1284631 · Cited by 63
“With the development of the Internet, it is a common practice for potential travelers to use hotel websites or online travel agencies when they book a hotel room (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Law & Wong, 2003; Lee & Morrison, 2010; Wong & Law, 2005; Xiang & Gretzel, 2010).”
Background
Digital transformation in the hospitality industry: A bibliometric review from 2000 to 2023
Peng, X., Zhu, J., Lee, S., Zhou, D., Song, W., & Ying, T. (2024) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103761 · Cited by 126
Untitled work
(2010) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 64
Internet marketing research in hospitality and tourism: a review and journal preferences
Leung, X. Y., Xue, L., & Bai, B. (2015) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0268 · Cited by 62
“…(eg, Bowen and Sparks, 1998; Line and Runyan, 2012; Oh et al., 2004; Yoo et al., 2011) and hospitality information technology literature review (eg, Buhalis and Law, 2008; Frew, 2000; Kirk and Pine, 1998; Law et al., 2009; Law et al., 2014; O’Connor and Murphy, 2004; Wang et al., 2010), none have…”
BackgroundInfluential
Examining the antecedents of e-loyalty intention in an online reservation environment
Mouakket, S., & Al-hawari, M. (2012) · The Journal of High Technology Management Research · doi:10.1016/j.hitech.2012.03.005 · Cited by 70
“With the rapid development of information and communication technology, the Internet has become an important tool in business, particularly in the area of online reservation in the hotel and airline industry (Bigne, Hernandez, & Andreu, 2010; Buahlis & Law, 2008).”
Method
Information Convergence in the Long Tail: The Case of Tourism Destination Information
Inversini, A., & Buhalis, D. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-93971-0_32 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Explaining and predicting online tourists’ behavioural intention in accepting consumer generated contents
Balouchi, M., Aziz, Y. A., Hasangholipour, T., Khanlari, A., Rahman, A. B. A., & Yusof, R. N. R. (2017) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-09-2016-0059 · Cited by 65
Hoteliers’ service design for mobile-based value co-creation
Lei, S. I., Wang, D., & Law, R. (2019) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-03-2018-0249 · Cited by 77
Self-citation
If You Travel, I Travel: Testing a Model of When and How Travel-Related Content Exposure on Facebook Triggers the Intention to Visit a Tourist Destination
Latif, K., Malik, M. Y., Pitafi, A. H., Kanwal, S., & Latif, Z. (2020) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244020925511 · Cited by 63
“travel-related content exposure, benign envy, intention to visit a tourist destination, online social identity travel-related information is acquired and circulated, and the way tourist journeys are planned (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Hajli et al., 2018).”
Background
Advances in hospitality research: “from Rodney Dangerfield to Aretha Franklin”
Rivera, M. A., & Pizam, A. (2015) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-03-2014-0146 · Cited by 61
Heritage Tourism Entrepreneurship and Social Media: Opportunities and Challenges
Surugiu, M.-R., & Surugiu, C. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.340 · Cited by 61
“…introduce personal data in their profile, so the entrepreneurs develop the tourist profile and furthermore design tailored, suitable tourist products (Buhalis and Law, 2008) Enterprises need to be more focused on technological innovation and take advantage of the proliferation of social media use.”
Background
Determining Services for the Mobile Tourist
Goh, D. H., Lee, C. S., Ang, R. P.-H., & Lee, C. K. (2015) · Journal of Computer Information Systems · doi:10.1080/08874417.2010.11645447 · Cited by 61
“wireless access to information [4], mapping facilities that show nearby points of interest on a map [1], context-aware guides that deliver services based on a user’s current context such as location”
Background
e-Social Influence and Customers’ Behavioral Intentions on a Bed and Breakfast Website
Jeon, M. M., Lee, S. A., & Jeong, M. (2017) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2017.1367346 · Cited by 62
“Online users share experiences with others through posting reviews, comments, opinions, photos, or videos on social media (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
“I Want to Go There Too!” Evaluating Social Media Influencer Marketing Effectiveness: A Case Study of Hokkaido’s DMO
Ong, Y. X., & Ito, N. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05940-8_11 · Cited by 62
Do tourism applications’ quality and user experience influence its acceptance by tourists?
Palos‐Sánchez, P. R., Saura, J. R., & Correia, M. B. (2020) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-020-00396-y · Cited by 70
“Buhalis and Law (2008) Research on the evolution of mobile applications for tourism usage around the world.”
Background
Does satisfaction with package tours lead to successful vacation experiences?
Räikkönen, J., & Honkanen, A. (2013) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2013.03.002 · Cited by 59
“Most significantly, the Internet has dramatically changed the market conditions of tourism organizations by supporting interactivity, and reengineering the process of developing, managing, and marketing tourism products and destinations (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Method of Integration and Content Management of the Information Resources Network
Kanishcheva, O., Vysotska, V., Chyrun, L., & Gozhyj, A. P. (2017) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70581-1_14 · Cited by 62
Residents’ perceptions of wine tourism on the rural destinations development
Vukovic, D. B., Maiti, M., Vujko, A., et al. (2019) · British Food Journal · doi:10.1108/bfj-04-2019-0291 · Cited by 60
Indicators of Website Features in the User Experience of E-Tourism Search and Metasearch Engines
Vila, T. D., González, M. E. A., Vila, N. A., & Brea, J. A. F. (2020) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.4067/s0718-18762021000100103 · Cited by 60
“Some impacts of internet use on travel planning behaviours have been identified in different researches, and for instance, these users tend to spend more in the destination [21], [90] and they consider more destinations [22] compared to those who consult other information sources.”
Background
Place Branding for Smart Cities and Smart Tourism Destinations: Do They Communicate Their Smartness?
Huertas, A., Moreno, A., & Pascual-Fontanilles, J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su131910953 · Cited by 79
“Their huge potential to allow the active participation of users and the creation of user generated content [58,59], along with technological advancements, has increased stakeholders’ power of influence in SCI and TDI formation.”
Background
Analysis of users’ heart rate data and self-reported perceptions to understand effective virtual reality characteristics
Marchiori, E., Niforatos, E., & Preto, L. (2018) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-018-0104-0 · Cited by 64
Experimental investigation of the impact of a destination promotional video with physiological and self-reported measures
Rodríguez, R. G., Stepchenkova, S. O., & Kirilenko, A. (2020) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100625 · Cited by 60
Brand equity and customer satisfaction: a comparative analysis of international and domestic tourists in Vietnam
Tran, P. T. K., Nguyen, V. K., & Vinh, T. T. (2020) · Journal of Product & Brand Management · doi:10.1108/jpbm-08-2019-2540 · Cited by 75
The Application of the Inbound Marketing Strategy on Costa del Sol Planning & Tourism Board. Lessons for Post-COVID-19 Revival
Sánchez-Teba, E. M., Mestanza, J. G., & Rodrı́guez-Fernández, M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12239926 · Cited by 82
An examination of the transactional relationship between online travel agencies, travel meta sites, and suppliers
Christodoulidou, N., Connolly, D. J., & Brewer, P. (2010) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/09596111011066671 · Cited by 59
The 2014 FIFA World Cup™: Tourists’ satisfaction levels and likelihood of repeat visitation to Rio de Janeiro
Swart, K., George, R. J., Cassar, J., & Sneyd, C. (2017) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.01.001 · Cited by 59
Exploring the drivers of customer engagement behaviours in social network brand communities: towards a customer-learning model
Chiang, C., Wei, C., Parker, K. R., & Davey, B. (2017) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2017.1399922 · Cited by 60
“The more customer research is undertaken on a brand company’s products/service and more information is gathered, the better customer needs can be met and served (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
How Are Destination Image and Travel Intention Influenced by Misleading Media Coverage? Consequences of COVID-19 Outbreak in China
Yang, S., Isa, S. M., & Ramayah, T. (2021) · Vision The Journal of Business Perspective · doi:10.1177/0972262921993245 · Cited by 74
“The tourism literature has framed the media as a major force behind tourists’ perceived destination image and in their subsequent intentions to visit (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Frias et al., 2012; Laing & Crouch, 2009).”
Background
The technology acceptance model revisited: empirical evidence from the tourism industry in Pakistan
Hasni, M. J. S., Farah, M. F., & Adeel, I. (2021) · Journal of Tourism Futures · doi:10.1108/jtf-09-2021-0220 · Cited by 69
“The hotel also strongly utilized Flickr to post photos that highlight the attractiveness of the location and surroundings.”
BackgroundInfluential
Personalized tourist route recommendation model with a trajectory understanding via neural networks
Mou, N., Jiang, Q., Zhang, L., Niu, J., Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, T. (2022) · International Journal of Digital Earth · doi:10.1080/17538947.2022.2130456 · Cited by 66
Causal recipes for customer loyalty to travel agencies: Differences between online and offline customers
Silva, G. M., & Gonçalves, H. M. (2016) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.163 · Cited by 70
The influences and consequences of being digitally connected and/or disconnected to travellers
Tanti, A., & Buhalis, D. (2017) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-017-0081-8 · Cited by 62
“Therefore, it is important to understand how technology, together with online connectivity, has fundamentally reshaped the distribution of information (Buhalis and Law 2008) and the way people experience their travel (Neuhofer et al. 2014).”
Self-citation
A better last-minute hotel deal via app? Cross-channel price disparities between HotelTonight and OTAs
Yang, Y., & Leung, X. Y. (2018) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.03.016 · Cited by 60
Tourism intermediaries and innovation in the hotel industry
Romero, I., & González, P. T. (2019) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2019.1572717 · Cited by 60
“However, ICTs has altered the relationship between GDSs and suppliers, such as hotels (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Promoting intangible cultural heritage (ICH) tourism: Strategy for socioeconomic development of snake charmers (India) through geoeducation, geotourism and geoconservation
Halder, S., & Sarda, R. (2021) · International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks · doi:10.1016/j.ijgeop.2021.02.008 · Cited by 57
A ten-year review analysis of the impact of digitization on tourism development (2012–2022)
Jiang, C., & Phoong, S. W. (2023) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-023-02150-7 · Cited by 88
Information and communications technology and market segmentation in tourism: a review
Pesonen, J. A. (2013) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-02-2013-0006 · Cited by 57
“A wide range of new tools and services have been developed since 2000 (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Assessing the influence of social media on tourists’ motivations and image formation of a destination
Llodrà-Riera, I., Martínez‐Ruiz, M. P., Jiménez‐Zarco, A. I., & Izquierdo‐Yusta, A. (2015) · International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences · doi:10.1108/ijqss-03-2014-0022 · Cited by 72
The Importance of Sustainability in the Loyalty to a Tourist Destination through the Management of Expectations and Experiences
Solís-Radilla, M. M., Hernández-Lobato, L., Callarisa-Fiol, L. J., & Durán, H. T. P. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11154132 · Cited by 76
Ecotourism related search for information over the internet: a technology acceptance model perspective
Sadiq, M., & Adil, M. (2020) · Journal of Ecotourism · doi:10.1080/14724049.2020.1785480 · Cited by 61
“It has empowered travellers in one way and influenced the business and profits of tourism agencies on the other (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
El Periplo Sustentable
Pimentel, T. D., & Pimentel, M. P. C. (2015) · Cited by 56
Can tourism information flow enhance regional tourism economic linkages?
Ruan, W.-Q., & Zhang, S.-N. (2021) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.11.012 · Cited by 55
Digital Marketing: The Case of Digital Marketing Strategies on Luxurious Hotels
Belias, D., Rossidis, I., Ntalakos, A., et al. (2023) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.340 · Cited by 56
The effect of user-generated content on tourist behavior: the mediating role of destination image
Alcázar, M. D. C. H., Piñero, M. S., & de Maya, S. R. (2014) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 55
The effects of online social networking on retail consumer dynamics in the attractions industry: The case of ‘E-da’ theme park, Taiwan
Fotiadis, A., & Stylos, N. D. (2016) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.06.033 · Cited by 58
“…marketing framework for improving provision of amusement services because social networking allows consumers to develop their online profile including personal data that indicates their preferences (Buhalis & Law, 2008), thereby finding purchase specific information faster than ever before.”
Background
How smartphones enhance local tourism experiences?
Ghaderi, Z., Hatamifar, P., & Ghahramani, L. (2019) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2019.1630456 · Cited by 56
“…terms of their content and function but the main advantages for the travel industry are the removal of the majority of tourism intermediaries, an extension of target markets, reduction in costs, increase in customer’s satisfaction, safety, and tourists higher self-confidence (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Exploring the dimensions of online destination brand experience: Spanish and North American tourists' perspectives
Jiménez‐Barreto, J., Sthapit, E., Rubio, N., & Campo, S. (2019) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2019.07.005 · Cited by 56
The dynamics of wine tourism adoption in Chile
Torres, J. P., Barrera, J. I., Kunc, M. H., & Charters, S. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.043 · Cited by 59
A land of cheese: from food innovation to tourism development in rural Catalonia
Fusté‐Forné, F., & Cerdán, L. M. I. (2020) · Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change · doi:10.1080/14766825.2020.1797757 · Cited by 56
“…time, the tourism industry is also one of the main factors of information and communication technologies being consolidated in the services sector (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Hall & Williams, 2008; Yuan, Gretzel, & Fesenmaier, 2006), although this is an approach to innovation that is not addressed in…”
Background
The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research
Matthies, B., & Coners, A. (2017) · doi:10.4192/1577 · Cited by 56
The Exploration of Social Media Marketing Strategies of Destination Marketing Organizations in China
Yang, X. W., & Wang, D. (2015) · Journal of China Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/19388160.2015.1017071 · Cited by 55
“The use of social media (e.g., customer review websites, social network websites) is transforming travel planning, the tourist experience, and the tourism business (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Xiang & Gretzel, 2010).”
Background
Industrial transformation or business as usual? Information and communication technologies and Africa's place in the global information economy
Murphy, J. T., Carmody, P., & Surborg, B. (2014) · Review of African Political Economy · doi:10.1080/03056244.2013.873024 · Cited by 54
“For most consumers, ICTs, especially the Internet, are essential for information gathering (e.g. about destinations and prices) and are often used to conduct transactions (e.g. ticket purchases, accommodation bookings) (UNCTAD 2005; Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background

Authors: Buhalis, D., & Law, R.
Affiliations: Bournemouth University (GB)
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
Corresponding author: Buhalis, Dimitrios
ORCID: Buhalis, Dimitrios
Law, Rob
Venue: Tourism Management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-08
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 609-623
ISSN: 0261-5177 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005
OpenAlex: W2041711461
Semantic Scholar: 862fb90d5a788335f20fd03bb76be7e143aca153
Cited by: 3,823
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 240 · 2025: 238 · 2024: 268 · 2023: 213 · 2022: 257 · 2021: 320 · 2020: 333 · 2019: 268 · 2018: 221 · 2017: 257 · 2016: 245 · 2015: 235 · 2014: 193 · 2013: 185 · 2012: 141
FWCI: 235.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Tourism Management (publishedVersion)
Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) (submittedVersion)
PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
Memoria digital de Canarias (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Hospitality and Tourism Education
Keywords: eTourism, information technology in tourism, tourism industry structure, research trends

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research

Overview

AI snapshot

TL;DR

Key findings

Methods

Limitations

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks