Cited by 3,823Diverse Aspects of Tourism ResearchDigital Marketing and Social MediaHospitality and Tourism Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 173 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 85 sources its claims cite were checked for support.

Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research

Open access

Buhalis, Dimitrios, Law, Rob·2008·Tourism Management

DOI 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005

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AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review synthesizes two decades of eTourism research and argues that ICTs have transformed tourism demand, supply, and industry structure. It identifies consumer-centric technologies as the likely future focus and calls for broader, more empirical research.

Key findings

The review analyzed more than 149 relevant publications and organized the field around three main axes: consumers and demand, technological innovation, and industry/business functions.
Cited bibliometric evidence includes Frew’s estimate of 665 refereed articles from 1980–1999, and Leung and Law’s finding of 4,140 papers in six leading hospitality/tourism journals from 1986–2005, of which 195 focused on ICTs, 66 appeared in Cornell Quarterly and only 5 in Annals of Tourism Research; among the 195, 137 (70.26%) had at least one author affiliated with a North American institution.
The Internet changed consumer behavior through direct information search, online booking, price comparison and transparency, dynamic packaging, virtual travel communities/Web 2.0, and electronic complaints/word-of-mouth; barriers include payment security, privacy, lack of personal service, inexperience, and time.
Technological and industry themes include interoperability/ontologies, multimedia/3D/telepresence, mobile/wireless/WiMAX/location-based services, website usability/accessibility, and ambient intelligence; the Internet alters competitive forces, distribution, disintermediation, branding, and pricing.

Methods

Literature review of eTourism publications over 20 years, searching ScienceDirect, EBSCOHost’s tourism and hospitality index, and Google Scholar between April 2007 and January 2008 using keyword combinations, plus key references from mainstream journals and ENTER proceedings.
More than 149 relevant articles were selected and analyzed, then grouped thematically into demand, technology, and industry dimensions, with implications and future research directions.

Limitations

Stated: the review predominantly includes publications from tourism publication channels; it uses an unsophisticated method for grouping articles; it lacks empirical data from industry practitioners and academic researchers on the applicability and implications of the reviewed work; future studies should extend the publication period and analyze findings progressively.
Evident from the text: the paper is a narrative/thematic synthesis rather than a systematic quantitative meta-analysis or primary empirical study, and the cited bibliometric data note a North American affiliation skew that may limit generalizability.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005

Cites

173 of 173 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

3 of 85 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“VTCs, however, may be at risk of losing members if their members are not satisfied with the content, design, security policies, and repercussions for non-compliance with community rules (Allison et al., 2005;Wang et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Allison et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wang et al., 2002 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Oorni and Klein (2003), however, found that low cost airlines have high online booking ratios because they offer simple products and are pursuing a direct sales strategy.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Oorni and Klein (2003) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“In addition, satisfaction online has a positive impact on loyalty both to the organisational programmes and their website (Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Research findings have shown privacy issues also play a significant role in inhibiting purchase of travel-related products online (Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) is a useful tool to disseminate complaints about brands via websites, chat rooms and consumer forums (Gelb & Sundaram, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gelb & Sundaram, 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“The Internet has changed tourism consumer behaviour dramatically (Mills & Law, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Mills & Law, 2004
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“At present, there is a large increase in the number of customers who make reservations directly from hotel websites (Jeong et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jeong et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes

Show all 24 claims

Probably not a substantial claim. 68
It may state two separate claims as one. 47

The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supported
  The Search section states that electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining price and product information and sellers’ costs of communicating it. It also says lower search costs help buyers identify products that better match their needs, supporting the citing sentence’s account of lower-cost information exchange. (LLM, conf=0.88)
  cites Bakos, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Research found substantial price dispersion for domestic airline tickets offered by online travel agents in the US where the average price was lower than traditional travel agents (Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000;Clemons et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000 source
- Partly supported
  The Abstract and Introduction report substantial price dispersion among online travel agents, and the study’s ticket requests were for travel entirely within the U.S. (data notes). The Introduction says requests were drawn from a traditional agent’s travel patterns, but the cited passages compare prices among online agents, not their average price with traditional agents. (LLM, conf=0.87)
  cites Clemons et al., 2002 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supported
  The Search section says electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining information about sellers’ prices and product features. It adds that lower search costs help buyers identify and purchase products that better match their needs. (LLM, conf=0.94)
  cites Bakos, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“out of 4140 papers published in the six leading research journals in hospitality and tourism in the period of 1986 to 2005”
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH · plain
  “195 papers focused on ICTs, 66 of which appeared in the CQ and only 5 in the ATR.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Technological progress and tourism have been going hand in hand for years (Sheldon, 1997;Poon, 1993).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Sheldon, 1997
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Poon, 1993 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs play a critical role for the competitiveness of tourism organisations and destinations as well as for the entire industry as a whole (UNWTO, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites UNWTO, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Developments in ICTs have undoubtedly changed both business practices and strategies as well as industry structures (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICTs have also changed radically the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism organisations, the way that businesses are conducted in the marketplace, as well as how consumers interact with organisations (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The establishment of the Computer Reservations Systems (CRSs) in the 1970s and Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) in the late 1980s, followed by the development of the Internet in the late 1990s, have transformed the best operational and strategic practices in the industry dramatically (Buhalis, 2003;O'Connor, 1999;Emmer et al,, 1993;eBusiness Watch, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor, 1999 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Emmer et al,, 1993 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the Internet era even individuals have sufficient power to take on powerful organizations such as airlines (Buhalis, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ICTs convergence effectively integrates the entire range of hardware, software, groupware, netware and humanware and blurs the boundaries between equipment and software (Werthner & Klein,1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Werthner & Klein,1999 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Internet is already influencing the consumer behaviour in developing countries such as China enabling consumers to have much more choice (Li & Buhalis, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Li & Buhalis, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) research, the reasons of consumers not purchasing travel products online are the lack of personal service, security issues, lack of experience, and time consuming.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002) summarized the Internet users' profile into seven e-social factors, namely: region/geography, culture, legal/regulation/policy, economic, ethical/professional, social capital/social networks, and social structure.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ICTs not only reduce uncertainty and perceived risks but also enhance the quality of trips (Fodness & Murray, 1997).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fodness & Murray, 1997 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) study finds that utilitarianconsumption highly correlates with information search and online shopping behaviour.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Ricci (2002) further stated that a recommender system can provide valuable information to assist consumers' decision making process.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ricci (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“At present, many tourism practitioners do not know which VTCs exist and how to handle e-complaints in virtual communities, resulting in losing customers and negative WOM (Mattila & Mount, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mattila & Mount, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the past, less than 5 percent of customers who were dissatisfied had actually voiced out their complaints (Albrecht & Zemke, 1985).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Albrecht & Zemke, 1985
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Customers search for travel related information, make online air ticket bookings, online room reservations, and other online purchases themselves instead of relying on travel agencies to undertake this process for them (Morrison et al., 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison et al., 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Graeupl (2006), flight information and accommodation are the most searched topics for the consumers aged between 50 to 60 years olds, and most of them were not interested in package holidays.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Graeupl (2006)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs enable travellers to access reliable and accurate information as well as to undertake reservations in a fraction of time, cost and inconvenience required by conventional methods (O'Connor, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor, 1999 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many consumers rely on WOM to reduce the perceived risks and uncertainty before they make any purchases (Walker, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walker, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Leading global online travel agents, such as Expedia, Orbitz, Lastminute.com,Opodo and Travelocity, are mainly successful for their provision of a platform for one-stop shopping with significant improvement in usability and interaction design (Klein, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klein, 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Weber and Roehl (1999) found that people purchasing travel products online are more likely to have been online for four years or more”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Weber and Roehl (1999) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Technology therefore emerges as an”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In recent years, children, however, also play a key role in the decision making process (Wang et al., 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Wang et al., 2004
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A recommender system can support travellers in a complex decision-making process by identifying better customer requirements and by correlating those to other consumers and their preferences (Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003, Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although different recommendation technologies have been applied to eTourism, Rabanser and Ricci (2005) argued that the existence of different business models present application challenges.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rabanser and Ricci (2005) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Buhalis (1998) stated that potential tourists have become more independent and sophisticated on using a wide range of tools to arrange for their trips.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis (1998) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“According to Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990), the four major factors that influence information search in the tourism context are i) the composition of vacation groups, ii) the presence of families and friends at the destination, iii) prior visits to the destination, and iv) the degree of novelty associated with the destination.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Frew (2000) estimated that 665 refereed articles were published in the 20 years period 1980 through 1999.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Frew (2000) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Personality has been related to the selection of vacation destinations, the choice of leisure activities throughout the vacation, and other travel-related decisions (Mardrigal, 1995).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Mardrigal, 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A Virtual Travel Community (VTC) makes it easier for people to obtain information, maintain connections, develop relationships, and eventually make travel-related decisions (Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Despite VTCs' large potential impact on the tourism industry, Preece (2000) stated that research on the topic is still at an infancy stage when comparing to other geographical and physical communities.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Preece (2000)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Previous research showed that tourists who searched on the Internet tended to spend more at their destinations as compared to those who consult other information sources (Bonn, Furr, & Susskind, 1998;Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bonn, Furr, & Susskind, 1998 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Travellers expect websites to be informative, interactive, and attractive (Chu, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chu, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lastly, Cunliffe (2000) emphasized a poor web design resulted in a loss of 50 percent of potential sales and the negative experience lead to a loss of 40 percent of potential repeated visits.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cunliffe (2000) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“WiMAX promotes conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard and provides wireless data over a long distance (Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Staab and Werthner (2002) stated that interoperability is a major technical issue”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Staab and Werthner (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Internet is changing the industry structure by altering barriers to entry, minimising switching costs, revolutionising distribution channels, facilitating price transparency and competition, whilst enhancing production efficiency (Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) consolidated 25 tourism and hospitality website studies from 1996 to 2006 on website quality and features analysis and generated 74 website features.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobile services now enable travellers to book hotel rooms and air-tickets, car rentals, retrieve information about transportation schedules, travel guides for destinations, and dining guides (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The four primary functions of LBS for the traveller are: (1) localization of persons, objects, and places, (2) routing between them, (3) search for objects in proximity such as restaurants, shops, hotels, or sights, and (4) information about travelling conditions, such as traffic-related data (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Telepresence relies on how closely the computer-mediated experience simulates real-world interaction with a product and is determined by the extent to which interactivity is achieved (Fiore et al., 2005;Shih, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fiore et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Shih, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As a result, the Internet forces tourism organisations around the world to change their strategies dramatically (Buhalis & Zoge, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis & Zoge, 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Similarly, Maedche and Staab (2002;2003) showed that semantic web technologies can be used for tourism information systems to provide useful information on text and graphics, as well as generating a semantic description that is interpretable by machines.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Maedche and Staab (2002;2003)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“By using the Web and the Internet as marketing tools, tourism organizations also gained some distinct advantages in cost reduction, revenue growth, marketing research and database development, and customer retention (Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Han and Mills (2006) stated that the current website design have nine themes that will affect the screen readers for the visual-impaired users.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Han and Mills (2006)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The web therefore introduced utter transparency in the marketplace (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“WiMAX is expected to offer the highest possible coverage, up to 30 miles (Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007) providing Internet broadband wireless access to entire destinations.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007
Strength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Redesigning processes and eliminating repetitive tasks reduced labour costs and increased efficiency (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the Web allows people from around the world to virtually interact with a destination through three-dimensional (3D) virtual tours (Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Internet also enabled them to dynamically package their individualised products by combining different travel products (i.e.accommodation, transportation etc.) (Daniele & Frew, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Daniele & Frew, 2005 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A major challenge for their wide adoption, however, is the language barriers (Chen & Hsu, 2000) that make the mobile information not providing the latest information due to delay in translation.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chen & Hsu, 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Pricing became utterly transparent and hence the price that appeared in different distribution channels had to be coordinated to ensure price parity (O'Connor, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites O'Connor, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICT developments have direct impacts on the competitiveness of enterprises they determine the two fundamental roots to competitive advantage, i.e. differentiation and cost advantage (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Assistive technologies such as voice browsers can provide certain assistance for these customers to access web information (Pühretmair, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pühretmair, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“O'Connor and Murphy (2004) reviewed recent research on information technology in the hospitality industry and revealed three broad research areas: the Internet's effects on distribution; on pricing; and on consumer interactions.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor and Murphy (2004) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

90 of 90

The paper relies on this without support.
The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
The paper relies on this without support.
People with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.
“The hospitality and tourism industries should be aware of the fact that people with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.
“Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.”

3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

Main citation year differs from the reference
Minor
The text cites Main as a 2002 publication, but the reference list dates the corresponding work to 2001.
Two proceedings papers have the same page range
Minor
The references place two different papers on pages 163-174 of the same 2007 proceedings volume.
Two journal articles have the same page range
Minor
The references assign pages 105-116 of the same journal volume and issue to two different articles.
Li and Buhalis citation year differs from the reference
Minor
The text cites Li and Buhalis as a 2006 publication, while the corresponding reference lists it as 2005.

4 of 4

Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Rheingold, H. (1994) · Cited by 5,655
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
Untitled work
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 3,759
How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy
Porter, M. E. (1989) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_10 · Cited by 3,270
Frictionless commerce? A comparison of Internet and conventional retailers
Brynjolfsson, E., & Smith, M. D. (2000) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.46.4.563.12061 · Cited by 2,498
Decision support systems and intelligent systems
Turban, E., & Aronson, J. E. (1997) · University of Maribor digital library (University of Maribor) · Cited by 2,452
E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework
Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.10063 · Cited by 2,310
Reducing buyer search costs: Implications for electronic marketplaces
Bakos, J. Y. (1997) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1676 · Cited by 2,259
Web-Based Virtual Learning Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness in Basic it Skills Training1
Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250989 · Cited by 1,587

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 203 references

30 of the 203 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Baum, 2001, E-learning in hospitality and tourism. Education, Singapore's Knowledge Industry Journal, December, 32
Odinma, 2007, The trends in broadband wireless network technologies, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8, 118
Pouloudi, A., Vassilopoulou, K., & Ziouvelou, X. (2002). Considering the societal implications in the adoption of e-business models. In Proceedings of 6th international conference on the transformation of organizations in the information age: Social and ethical implications (ETHICOMP’2002), Lisbon, Portugal, 13–15 November (pp. 237–246).

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 3,804

Using virtual reality for tourism marketing: A mediating role of self-presence
Adachi, R., Cramer, E. M., & Song, H. (2020) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1080/03623319.2020.1727245 · Cited by 111
“According to Buhalis and Law (2008), online travel communities where tourists exchange information through forums and chat services “are gradually becoming incredibly influential in tourism as consumers increasingly trust better their peers, rather than marketing messages” (p. 612).”
Background
“Like” and “Check-in”: how hotels utilize Facebook as an effective marketing tool
Phelan, K. V., Chen, H., & Haney, M. R. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-jul-2012-0020 · Cited by 94
Technology innovation and applications in sustainable destination development
Ali, A., & Frew, A. J. (2014) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-014-0015-7 · Cited by 97
“It has been argued that tourism innovation is usually an application of innovation from other sectors (Camison and Monfort-Mir 2012). Employing Hjalager (1997) typology and building on the work of Ali and Frew (2013) this research will make evident that ICT can be an innovative and practical approach for destination m…”
The new role of tourists in destination image formation
Camprubí, R., Guía, J., & Comas, J. (2012) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2012.733358 · Cited by 107
“However, despite the fact that this phenomenon has swiftly spread worldwide, academic literature has given it insufficient attention, as stated by Buhalis and Law (2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Assessing Hotel-Related Smartphone Apps Using Online Reviews
Wang, D., Xiang, Z., Law, R., & Ki, T. P. (2015) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2015.1012282 · Cited by 94
“While mobile technology has been identified as an important agent of change in hospitality and tourism industry (Buhalis & Law, 2008), its role in supporting travel is a relatively recent phenomenon.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Customer relationship management research in tourism and hospitality: a state-of-the-art
Rahimi, R., Köseoğlu, M. A., Ersoy, A. B., & Okumuş, F. (2017) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-01-2017-0011 · Cited by 106
“Over the last 30 years, progress of ICTs, establishments of the Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs), and Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) has transformed operational and strategic practices dramatically in the H&T industry (Buhalis, 2003; Buhalis and Law, 2008; Buhalis and Jun, 2011).”
Background
Technology adoption in hotels: applying institutional theory to tourism
Soares, A. L. V., Filho, L. M., & Ulrike Gretzel, B. (2020) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-05-2019-0153 · Cited by 94
Interpreting the perceptions of authenticity in virtual reality tourism through postmodernist approach
Gao, B. W., Zhu, C. Z. G., Song, H., & Dempsey, I. M. B. (2022) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-022-00221-0 · Cited by 98
“With the advancement of ICT, tourists choose the destination based on the ICT platform more, and VR provides a new tourism experience method (Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background
Social media utilization of tourists for travel-related purposes
Öz, M. (2015) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-01-2014-0034 · Cited by 93
Social media as a communication and marketing tool in tourism: an analysis of online activities from international key player DMO
Roque, V., & Raposo, R. (2015) · Anatolia · doi:10.1080/13032917.2015.1083209 · Cited by 92
“The Internet, the WWW, and in particular the Web 2.0 phenomena, first presented by O’Reilly (O’Reilly, 2005), reshaped how tourism-related information is distributed, searched for and how people plan their travel (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Vicious advice: Analyzing the impact of TripAdvisor on the quality of restaurants as part of the cultural heritage of Venice
Ganzaroli, A., Noni, I. D., & van Baalen, P. (2017) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.03.019 · Cited by 92
“This class of technology has had a significant impact on the structure and organization of the tourism industry (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Digitalization and digital transformation in the tourism industry: a bibliometric review and research agenda
Bekele, H., & Raj, S. (2024) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-07-2023-0509 · Cited by 98
Artificial intelligence in tourism: insights and future research agenda
Tuo, Y., Wu, J., Zhao, J., & Si, X. (2024) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-03-2024-0180 · Cited by 125
Relationship between ICT and international tourism demand: A study of major tourist destinations
Kumar, N. N., & Kumar, R. R. (2019) · Tourism Economics · doi:10.1177/1354816619858004 · Cited by 98
“From the consumer demand perspective, ICT enables tourists to access up-to-date information on reservations at a fraction of the cost and provides relevant information regarding destinations, resorts and hotels, and suite of activities (Buhalis and Law, 2008; Li and Buhalis, 2005; Mills and Law, 2004; Niininen et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Artificial intelligence in hospitality and tourism. State of the art and future research avenues
Nannelli, M., Capone, F., & Lazzeretti, L. (2023) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2023.2180321 · Cited by 109
“Sec-ondly, in marketing due to VR high capacity to sponsor a destination, tourism products or services by attracting tourists and consumers remotely (Bogicevic et al. 2019; Kim, Lee, and Jung 2020), and to communicate with a higher degree of trust (Buhalis and Law 2008; Buhalis and Sinatra 2019).”
Background
Future play: tourism, recreation and land use
Williams, A. M., & Shaw, G. (2009) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.10.003 · Cited by 90
Improving hotel ratings by offering free Wi‐Fi
Bulchand‐Gidumal, J., González, S. M., & López‐Valcárcel, B. G. (2011) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/17579881111173776 · Cited by 90
“The prevalence of ICT has been transforming the tourism sector since the 1980s ( Buhalis and Law, 2008”
Background
Using a heuristic algorithm to design a personalized day tour route in a time-dependent stochastic environment
Liao, Z., & Zheng, W. (2018) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.03.012 · Cited by 91
Sources of value co-destruction: Uber customer perspectives
Sthapit, E., & Björk, P. (2019) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-12-2018-0176 · Cited by 89
Exploring the Roles of DMO’s Social Media Efforts and Information Richness on Customer Engagement: Empirical Analysis on Facebook Event Pages
Lee, M., Hong, J., Chung, S.-H., & Back, K.-J. (2020) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287520934874 · Cited by 82
“The research on the role of social media and ICT in tourism (generally referred to as e-Tourism research) has evolved for the last three decades (Mariani, Di Felice, and Mura 2016; Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background
Revenue management and price optimization techniques in the hotel sector
Vives, A., Jacob, M., & Payeras, M. (2018) · Tourism Economics · doi:10.1177/1354816618777590 · Cited by 95
“…interaction with consumers, the supply of customized up-to-date tourism products, the availability of services and their customization and the contribution to the globalization of the tourist industry are key ingredients in the Internet’s success (Buhalis and Law, 2008; Buhalis and O’Connor, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential
Engaging Customers in Value Co-Creation Through Mobile Instant Messaging in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
Lei, S. I., Ye, S., Wang, D., & Law, R. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348019893066 · Cited by 100
“The unique features of mobile technologies have largely extended co-creation opportunities in the spatial and temporal dimensions (e.g., Buhalis & Law, 2008; Neuhofer, Buhalis, & Ladkin, 2015; D. Wang & Fesenmaier, 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Digital business model configurations in the travel industry
Perelygina, M., Küçükusta, D., & Law, R. (2021) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104408 · Cited by 90
“…of the first global distribution system (GDS), new information and communication technologies (ICTs) have continuously affected the travel industry, with several waves of fundamental transformations initiated by ICT adoptions (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Mitas, van der Ent, Peeters, & Weston, 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The impact of near field communication on tourism
Egger, R. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-04-2012-0014 · Cited by 88
Beyond smart systems adoption: Enabling diffusion and assimilation of smartness in hospitality
Stylos, N. D., Fotiadis, A., Shin, D., & Huan, T.-C. T. C. (2021) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103042 · Cited by 90
A conceptual model of consumers’ online tourism confusion
Lu, A. C. C., & Gürsoy, D. (2015) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-04-2014-0171 · Cited by 86
Tourist environment and online reputation as a generator of added value in the sharing economy: The case of Airbnb in urban and sun- and-beach holiday destinations
Moreno‐Izquierdo, L., Rodríguez, A. B. R., Devesa, M. J. S., & Perles‐Ribes, J. F. (2018) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.11.004 · Cited by 89
Understanding the emergence and development of online travel agencies: a dynamic evaluation and simulation approach
Lv, X., Li, N., Xu, X., et al. (2020) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-11-2019-0464 · Cited by 86
Usability evaluation of a virtual reality smartphone app for a living museum
Othman, M. K., Nogoibaeva, A., Leong, L. S., & Barawi, M. H. (2021) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-021-00820-4 · Cited by 87
Is the adoption of environmental practices a strategical decision for small service companies?
Bagur‐Femenías, L., Llach, J., & Alonso‐Almeida, M. D. M. (2013) · Management Decision · doi:10.1108/00251741311291300 · Cited by 86
Rural tourism and the development of Internet-based accommodation booking platforms: a study in the advantages, dangers and implications of innovation
Gößling, S., & LANE, B. P. (2014) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2014.909448 · Cited by 86
Cultural heritage, tourist attractiveness and augmented reality: insights from Italy
Graziano, T., & Privitera, D. (2020) · Journal of Heritage Tourism · doi:10.1080/1743873x.2020.1719116 · Cited by 89
Real time response (RTR): Conceptualizing a smart systems approach to destination resilience
Bethune, E., Buhalis, D., & Miles, L. (2022) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100687 · Cited by 102
Self-citation
Gestión turística y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC): El nuevo enfoque de los destinos inteligentes
Baidal, J. A. I., Monzonís, F. J. S., & Sánchez, D. G. (2016) · Documents d Anàlisi Geogràfica · doi:10.5565/rev/dag.285 · Cited by 85
The effect of information presentation modes on tourists’ responses in Internet marketing: the moderating role of emotions
Yeh, C., Wang, Y., Li, H.-T., & Lin, S.-Y. (2017) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2016.1276509 · Cited by 84
“The verisimilitude of the VR medium can provide tourists with vicarious experiences and rich information that can help aid decisions about their trip (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Network analysis of big data research in tourism
Li, X., & Law, R. (2019) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100608 · Cited by 91
Self-citation
The impact of virtual reality technology on tourists’ experience: a textual data analysis
González-Rodríguez, M. R., Fernández, M. D. C. D., & Pino-Mejías, M. Á. (2020) · Soft Computing · doi:10.1007/s00500-020-04883-y · Cited by 98
“Advances in ICTs have had great impacts on tourism sector ranging from consumer demand to tourism management, transforming it in myriad ways (Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background
Understanding technological contributions to accessible tourism from the perspective of destination design for visually impaired visitors in Hong Kong
Lam, K., Chan, C., & Peters, M. (2020) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100434 · Cited by 83
Understanding the robotic restaurant experience: a multiple case study
Seyitoğlu, F., & Ivanov, S. H. (2020) · Journal of Tourism Futures · doi:10.1108/jtf-04-2020-0070 · Cited by 93
E-service Quality Management of a Hotel Website: A Scale and Implications for Management
Hahn, S. E., Sparks, B., Wilkins, H., & Jin, X. (2017) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2017.1309612 · Cited by 93
“Growth in e-business is occurring not only in the retailing industries but also in the service-based tourism and hospitality industry around the world (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Law, Qi, & Buhalis, 2010; Rong, Li, & Law, 2009; Sigala, 2011).”
Background
Tourist Satisfaction Enhancement Using Mobile QR Code Payment: An Empirical Investigation
Lou, L., Tian, Z., & Koh, J. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9071186 · Cited by 83
“Furthermore, technologies help organizations improve their service quality, which enhances overall customer satisfaction [18,31,40].”
Background
Drivers and emerging innovations in knowledge-based destinations: Towards a research agenda
Trunfio, M., & Campana, S. (2019) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100370 · Cited by 81
Present and future hotel website marketing activities: Change propensity analysis
Li, X., Wang, Y., & Yu, Y. (2015) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.02.007 · Cited by 82
Exploring tourists’ cultural experiences in Naples through online reviews
Simeon, M. I., Buonincontri, P., Cinquegrani, F., & Martone, A. (2017) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-10-2016-0067 · Cited by 81
How live videos and stories in social media influence tourist opinions and behaviour
Huertas, A. (2018) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-018-0112-0 · Cited by 81
“Social media has democratized communication and have allowed users’ comments, appraisals and experiences (Buhalis and Law 2008; Jacobsen and Munar 2012).”
Background
Using competing models to evaluate the role of environmental pressures in ecommerce adoption by small and medium sized travel agents in a developing country
Abou‐Shouk, M., Lim, W. M., & Megicks, P. (2015) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.007 · Cited by 83
“The internet is clearly a powerful tool within the travel industry, with the sector having witnessed a steady growth in its adoption as a vehicle for e-commerce in the last few decades (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Exploring the role of technology, tourism and financial development: an empirical study of Vietnam
Kumar, R. R. (2013) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-013-9930-5 · Cited by 83
Internet versus travel agencies
Chiappa, G. D. (2013) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/1356766712466613 · Cited by 80
“The development of Internet and other ICT applications transformed the structure of the value chain, altered the power position of incumbents and developed a whole range of opportunities and threats for all stakeholders involved in the tourism sector (Berne et al., 2012; Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
The competitive productivity (CP) of tourism destinations: an integrative conceptual framework and a reflection on big data and analytics
Mariani, M. M., Bresciani, S., & Dagnino, G. B. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-09-2020-1102 · Cited by 94
Understanding the heritage experience: a content analysis of online reviews of World Heritage Sites in Istanbul
Gürsoy, D., Akova, O., & Atsız, O. (2021) · Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change · doi:10.1080/14766825.2021.1937193 · Cited by 81
“Advances in information and communication technologies (Buhalis & Law, 2008) and UGC (Gretzel & Yoo, 2008) enabled travelers to easily access to information related to a destination’s attributes and share their experiences with specific attractions in a destination and/or with the destination…”
Background
Artificial intelligence as a catalyst for sustainable tourism growth and economic cycles
Siddik, A. B., Forid, M. S., Yong, L., Du, A. M., & Goodell, J. W. (2024) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123875 · Cited by 121
A meta-narrative analysis of smart tourism destinations: implications for tourism destination management
Gelter, J., Lexhagen, M., & Fuchs, M. (2020) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2020.1849048 · Cited by 79
“The way tourism destination management is understood has changed due to the increased use of ICTs (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Xiang, 2018).”
BackgroundInfluential
The effects of COVID-19 on Andalusian tourism and aviation sector
Florido‐Benítez, L. (2021) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-12-2020-0574 · Cited by 79
“…Journal of Airline and Airport Management, Journal of Air Transport Management, Tourism Management Perspectives and Transportation Research Part E. Data was collected from journals using University of Malaga databases and verified with reference to Google Scholar searches (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
Method
Exploring the Nexus between Information and Communications Technology, Tourism and Growth in Fiji
Kumar, R. R., & Kumar, R. (2012) · Tourism Economics · doi:10.5367/te.2012.0117 · Cited by 79
“…the ICT sector grows as a result of the increase in greater connections spurred largely by cables and other technological devices, greater efficient and cost-effective communication links will be established that will facilitate various economic activities besides tourism (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Maximizing online bookings through a multi-channel-strategy
Beritelli, P., & Schegg, R. (2016) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-07-2014-0326 · Cited by 79
Hotels that most rely on Booking.com – online travel agencies (OTAs) and hotel distribution channels
Martín-Fuentes, E., & Mellinas, J. P. (2018) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-12-2017-0201 · Cited by 81
Social media analytics in hospitality and tourism
Mirzaalian, F., & Halpenny, E. A. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-08-2018-0078 · Cited by 79
Social Media-Based Content towards Image Formation: A New Approach to the Selection of Sustainable Destinations
Sultan, M. T., Sharmin, F., Bădulescu, A., Gavrilut, D., & Xue, K. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13084241 · Cited by 109
“DMOs took this advantage and have started a direct interaction with tourists [11,38] through the use of social media [10,12].”
Background
Live streaming in tourism and hospitality: a literature review
Lin, K. J., Fong, L. H. N., & Law, R. (2022) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2022.2061365 · Cited by 79
“To complete the process of research theme identification, we took references from some classic literature reviews of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) in tourism and hospitality (e.g. Buhalis & Law, 2008; Cheng et al., 2021; Law et al., 2018).”
MethodSelf-citation
The social revolution of place marketing: The growing power of users in social media campaigns
Ketter, E., & Avraham, E. (2012) · Place Branding and Public Diplomacy · doi:10.1057/pb.2012.20 · Cited by 76
An updated comprehensive review of website evaluation studies in hospitality and tourism
Sun, S., Fong, D. K. C., Law, R., & He, S. (2017) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-12-2015-0736 · Cited by 77
Self-citation
The application of blockchain in tourism: use cases in the tourism value system
Thees, H., Erschbamer, G., & Pechlaner, H. (2020) · European Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.54055/ejtr.v26i.1933 · Cited by 82
“Rising digitalisation and individualisation has turned tourism value chains into complex and dynamic networks (Pellegrin-Romeggio and Leszczyńska 2013, p. 28; Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background
Is virtual reality technology an effective tool for tourism destination marketing? A flow perspective
Chang, H. H., & Chiang, C. C. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-03-2021-0076 · Cited by 78
Destination competitiveness challenges: A Ugandan perspective
Ayikoru, M. (2015) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.009 · Cited by 83
Tourism netnography: how travel bloggers influence destination image
Gholamhosseinzadeh, M. S., Chapuis, J.-M., & Lehu, J.-M. (2023) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2021.1911274 · Cited by 77
“Individuals can express thoughts, opinions, feelings, and creations through these platforms and dynamically change information creation and diffusion patterns (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
An Integrated Model of Employees’ Behavioral Intention Toward Innovative Information and Communication Technologies in Travel Agencies
Cheng, S. C. L., & Cho, V. (2010) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348010384598 · Cited by 87
“It has a key role to play in the description, promotion, distribution, amalgamation, organization, and delivery of tourism products (Buhalis, 2004; Buhalis & Law, 2008; Gilbert, 1990; Law et al., 2004; Poon, 1993; Sheldon, 1997; Werthner & Klein, 1999).”
Background
Outcomes of Destination Marketing Organization Website Navigation: The Role of Telepresence
Choi, J., Ok, C. “., & Choi, S. (2015) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2015.1024913 · Cited by 80
“Information on the Internet helps people plan for and enrich their travel experiences (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004).”
Background
Understanding how Amsterdam City tourism marketing addresses cruise tourists’ motivations regarding culture
Dai, T., Hein, C., & Zhang, T. (2018) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2018.12.001 · Cited by 76
Social media use in pre-trip planning by tourists visiting a small regional leisure destination
Pabel, A., & Prideaux, B. R. (2015) · Journal Of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/1356766715618998 · Cited by 75
“In this way, the Internet has revolutionized customers’ access to information, offering them a greater selection of information, better exposure to special offers and increased bargaining power (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Spatial-temporal response patterns of tourist flow under impulse pre-trip information search: From online to arrival
Liu, P., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., et al. (2019) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.01.021 · Cited by 75
Social vacation: Proposition of a model to understand tourists’ usage of social media for travel planning
Sakshi, Tandon, U., Ertz, M., & Bansal, H. (2020) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101438 · Cited by 81
“Travelers search for a variety of information using social media such as sightseeing, weather conditions, hotel reviews, tourist guides, car rental, transportation booking, and restaurants/bars or prices [56,57].”
Exploring preferences and sustainable attitudes of Airbnb green users in the review comments and ratings: a text mining approach
Serrano, L., Ariza‐Montes, A., Nader, M., Sianes, A., & Law, R. (2020) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2020.1838529 · Cited by 90
“…in the lodging sector Since the early 2000s, two revolutionary phenomena have marked the evolution of consumer behavior, namely, the exponential growth of Internet use (Buhalis & Law, 2008) and concern for sustainability as a new paradigm (Han et al., 2017; Meng et al., 2020; Serrano et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The effect of social media on travel planning process by Chinese tourists: the way forward to tourism futures
Yuan, Y., Chan, C., Eichelberger, S., Ma, H., & Pikkemaat, B. (2022) · Journal of Tourism Futures · doi:10.1108/jtf-04-2021-0094 · Cited by 75
An integrated case-based reasoning and MCDM system for Web based tourism destination planning
Alptekin, G. I., & Büyüközkan, G. (2010) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2010.07.153 · Cited by 75
Developing a people-technology hybrids model to unleash innovation and creativity: The new hospitality frontier
Kandampully, J. A., Bilgihan, A., & Zhang, T. C. (2016) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.07.003 · Cited by 77
Toward a holistic understanding of continued use of social networking tourism: A mixed-methods approach
French, A. M., Luo, X. R., & Bose, R. (2016) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2016.10.006 · Cited by 76
“SNETT users have a variety of motivations and desires resulting in adoption and continued use for various reason [13].”
Background
The effects of the crisis on marketing innovation: an application for Spain
Sáez, N. M., & Pascual, C. O. (2016) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-02-2013-0048 · Cited by 85
“In the tourism sector, Hjalager (2010) and Buhalis and Law (2008) emphasized that the development of the World Wide Web over the past decade has led to a complete series of marketing innovations that impinge on most tourism businesses and have already led to a far-reaching reduction in traditional…”
Background
Destination selection by smart tourists: the case of Isfahan, Iran
Ghaderi, Z., Hatamifar, P., & Henderson, J. C. (2018) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2018.1444650 · Cited by 79
“New distribution channels, assorted social media platforms, virtual communities, efficient mobile applications, and safe online payment procedures are expected and readily adopted (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Sigala, Christou, & Gretzel, 2012; Wang, Li, Zhen, & Zhang, 2016; Xiang & Gretzel, 2010).”
Background
Extended expectation-confirmation model to predict continued usage of ODR/ride hailing apps: role of perceived value and self-efficacy
Malik, G., & Rao, A. S. (2019) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-019-00152-3 · Cited by 85
Virtual Tours Encourage Intentions to Travel and Willingness to Pay via Spatial Presence, Enjoyment, and Destination Image
Kim, J.-H., Shinaprayoon, T., & Ahn, S. J. (2021) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2021.1962441 · Cited by 84
“Providing interactive experiences that allow for higher levels of recognition has become an important strategy in destination marketing (Buhalis and Law 2008).”
Background
Online social networking: Relationship marketing in UK hotels
Jung, T. H., Ineson, E. M., & Green, E. (2012) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2012.732597 · Cited by 73
“Providing personalised content is deemed necessary to feed the consumers’ expectations for an individualised service (Buhalis & Law, 2008), echoing the shift from mass to customised marketing.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Chinese way of response to hospitality service failure: The effects of face and guanxi
Li, M., Qiu, S., & Liu, Z. (2016) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.05.002 · Cited by 74
Tourism Supply Chain Management
Song, H. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203804391 · Cited by 74
Experiencing student learning and tourism training in a 3D virtual world: An exploratory study
Huang, Y., Backman, S. J., Chang, L.-L., Backman, K. F., & McGuire, F. A. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education · doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.09.007 · Cited by 81
The influencing role of social media in the consumer’s hotel decision-making process
Gupta, V. (2019) · Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes · doi:10.1108/whatt-04-2019-0019 · Cited by 74
Overall Perceived Value of a Tourism Service Delivered via Different Media
Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M., Frías-Jamilena, D. M., & García, J. A. C. (2014) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287514535844 · Cited by 73
“Differences between Distribution Channels: Offline versus Online Travel agencies, as an offline medium, have traditionally been the most popular distribution channel among tourists (Buhalis and Law 2008; Suárez, Díaz, and Vázquez 2007).”
Background
Engaging Destination Stakeholders in the Digital Era: The Best Practice of Italian Regional DMOs
Trunfio, M., & Lucia, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348018807293 · Cited by 72
Insights into TripAdvisor's online reviews: The case of Tehran's hotels
Khorsand, R., Rafiee, M., & Kayvanfar, V. (2020) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100673 · Cited by 72
Robots, artificial intelligence, and service automation (RAISA) in hospitality: sentiment analysis of YouTube streaming data
Kim, T.-K., Jo, H., Yhee, Y., & Koo, C. (2022) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-021-00514-y · Cited by 83
“With the emergence of Web 2.0 and the increasing number of online platforms, including social media, consumers frequently communicate and interact online with other web users to share their experiences about products and services (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Phillips et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Maturity and development of high-quality restaurant websites: A comparison of Michelin-starred restaurants in France, Italy and Spain
Daries, N., Cristóbal-Fransi, E., Ferrer-Rosell, B., & Mariné-Roig, E. (2018) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.02.007 · Cited by 69
Determinants of hotel guests’ satisfaction from the perspective of online hotel reviewers
Alrawadıeh, Z., & Law, R. (2019) · International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research · doi:10.1108/ijcthr-08-2018-0104 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Applications, Experiences, and Challenges of Smart Tourism Development in China
Wang, X., Zhen, F., Tang, J., Shen, L., & Liu, D. (2021) · Journal of Urban Technology · doi:10.1080/10630732.2021.1879605 · Cited by 87
“The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) led to fundamental changes in tourism behaviors and demands and tourism industry functions and structures (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Mapping tourism and hospitality research on information and communication technology: a bibliometric and scientific approach
Molina, A., Gómez, M., Σιγάλα, Μ., Molina, M. V., García, E. A., & Martín, M. Y. S. (2022) · Information Technology & Tourism · doi:10.1007/s40558-022-00227-8 · Cited by 72
Nudging interactive cocreation behaviors in live-streaming travel commerce: The visualization of real-time danmaku
Yang, J., Zeng, Y. Z., Liu, X., & Li, Z. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.06.015 · Cited by 75
Impacts of Virtual Reality on Tourism Experience and Behavioral Intentions: Moderating Role of Novelty Seeking
Yuan, A., & Hong, J. (2023) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/10963480231171301 · Cited by 72
“This implies corresponding changes in how travelers become inspired, plan to travel, and book and experience travel (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Neuhofer et al., 2014; Rincon et al., 2017).”
The Influence of Tourism Innovativeness on Online Consumer Behavior
Couture, A., Arcand, M., Sénécal, S., et al. (2013) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287513513159 · Cited by 71
Distracted gaze: Problematic use of mobile technologies in vacation contexts
Ayeh, J. K. (2018) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2018.01.002 · Cited by 81
Social media as a marketing tool for events
Harb, A. A., Fowler, D. C., Chang, H. J., Blum, S. C., & Alakaleek, W. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-03-2017-0027 · Cited by 71
Innovative capacity, quality certification and performance in the hotel sector
Hernández‐Perlines, F., Ariza‐Montes, A., Han, H., & Law, R. (2019) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.04.027 · Cited by 73
Self-citation
Do Online Comments Affect Environmental Management? Identifying Factors Related to Environmental Management and Sustainability of Hotels
Saura, J. R., Reyes-Menéndez, A., & Alonso, C. Á. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10093016 · Cited by 80
“According to Buhalis and Law [30], 70% of users who made travel reservations during 2008 used the online channel to do so.”
Background

Authors: Buhalis, D., & Law, R.
Affiliations: Bournemouth University (GB)
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
Corresponding author: Buhalis, Dimitrios
ORCID: Buhalis, Dimitrios
Law, Rob
Venue: Tourism Management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-08
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 609-623
ISSN: 0261-5177 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005
OpenAlex: W2041711461
Semantic Scholar: 862fb90d5a788335f20fd03bb76be7e143aca153
Cited by: 3,823
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 240 · 2025: 238 · 2024: 268 · 2023: 213 · 2022: 257 · 2021: 320 · 2020: 333 · 2019: 268 · 2018: 221 · 2017: 257 · 2016: 245 · 2015: 235 · 2014: 193 · 2013: 185 · 2012: 141
FWCI: 235.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Tourism Management (publishedVersion)
Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) (submittedVersion)
PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
Memoria digital de Canarias (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Hospitality and Tourism Education
Keywords: eTourism, information technology in tourism, tourism industry structure, research trends

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research

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