Cited by 3,823Diverse Aspects of Tourism ResearchDigital Marketing and Social MediaHospitality and Tourism Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 173 of the 203 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 85 sources its claims cite were checked for support.

Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research

Open access

Buhalis, Dimitrios, Law, Rob·2008·Tourism Management

DOI 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005

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AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This review synthesizes two decades of eTourism research and argues that ICTs have transformed tourism demand, supply, and industry structure. It identifies consumer-centric technologies as the likely future focus and calls for broader, more empirical research.

Key findings

The review analyzed more than 149 relevant publications and organized the field around three main axes: consumers and demand, technological innovation, and industry/business functions.
Cited bibliometric evidence includes Frew’s estimate of 665 refereed articles from 1980–1999, and Leung and Law’s finding of 4,140 papers in six leading hospitality/tourism journals from 1986–2005, of which 195 focused on ICTs, 66 appeared in Cornell Quarterly and only 5 in Annals of Tourism Research; among the 195, 137 (70.26%) had at least one author affiliated with a North American institution.
The Internet changed consumer behavior through direct information search, online booking, price comparison and transparency, dynamic packaging, virtual travel communities/Web 2.0, and electronic complaints/word-of-mouth; barriers include payment security, privacy, lack of personal service, inexperience, and time.
Technological and industry themes include interoperability/ontologies, multimedia/3D/telepresence, mobile/wireless/WiMAX/location-based services, website usability/accessibility, and ambient intelligence; the Internet alters competitive forces, distribution, disintermediation, branding, and pricing.

Methods

Literature review of eTourism publications over 20 years, searching ScienceDirect, EBSCOHost’s tourism and hospitality index, and Google Scholar between April 2007 and January 2008 using keyword combinations, plus key references from mainstream journals and ENTER proceedings.
More than 149 relevant articles were selected and analyzed, then grouped thematically into demand, technology, and industry dimensions, with implications and future research directions.

Limitations

Stated: the review predominantly includes publications from tourism publication channels; it uses an unsophisticated method for grouping articles; it lacks empirical data from industry practitioners and academic researchers on the applicability and implications of the reviewed work; future studies should extend the publication period and analyze findings progressively.
Evident from the text: the paper is a narrative/thematic synthesis rather than a systematic quantitative meta-analysis or primary empirical study, and the cited bibliometric data note a North American affiliation skew that may limit generalizability.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005

Cites

173 of 173 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

3 of 85 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“VTCs, however, may be at risk of losing members if their members are not satisfied with the content, design, security policies, and repercussions for non-compliance with community rules (Allison et al., 2005;Wang et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Allison et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wang et al., 2002 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Oorni and Klein (2003), however, found that low cost airlines have high online booking ratios because they offer simple products and are pursuing a direct sales strategy.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Oorni and Klein (2003) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“In addition, satisfaction online has a positive impact on loyalty both to the organisational programmes and their website (Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Anderson & Srinivansan, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Research findings have shown privacy issues also play a significant role in inhibiting purchase of travel-related products online (Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kolsaker, Lee-Kelley, & Choy, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) is a useful tool to disseminate complaints about brands via websites, chat rooms and consumer forums (Gelb & Sundaram, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gelb & Sundaram, 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“The Internet has changed tourism consumer behaviour dramatically (Mills & Law, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Mills & Law, 2004
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
In the paper
“At present, there is a large increase in the number of customers who make reservations directly from hotel websites (Jeong et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Jeong et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes

Show all 24 claims

Probably not a substantial claim. 68
It may state two separate claims as one. 47

The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supported
  The Search section states that electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining price and product information and sellers’ costs of communicating it. It also says lower search costs help buyers identify products that better match their needs, supporting the citing sentence’s account of lower-cost information exchange. (LLM, conf=0.88)
  cites Bakos, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Research found substantial price dispersion for domestic airline tickets offered by online travel agents in the US where the average price was lower than traditional travel agents (Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000;Clemons et al., 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brynjolfsson & Smith, 2000 source
- Partly supported
  The Abstract and Introduction report substantial price dispersion among online travel agents, and the study’s ticket requests were for travel entirely within the U.S. (data notes). The Introduction says requests were drawn from a traditional agent’s travel patterns, but the cited passages compare prices among online agents, not their average price with traditional agents. (LLM, conf=0.87)
  cites Clemons et al., 2002 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Prior research shows that search costs decrease in electronic markets due to diminishing cost of data exchange.This, in turn, enables consumers to find offers that meet their needs and tastes (Bakos, 1997(Bakos, , 1998)).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bakos, 1997 source
- Supported
  The Search section says electronic marketplaces lower buyers’ costs of obtaining information about sellers’ prices and product features. It adds that lower search costs help buyers identify and purchase products that better match their needs. (LLM, conf=0.94)
  cites Bakos, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“out of 4140 papers published in the six leading research journals in hospitality and tourism in the period of 1986 to 2005”
- Also stated in: § CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH · plain
  “195 papers focused on ICTs, 66 of which appeared in the CQ and only 5 in the ATR.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Technological progress and tourism have been going hand in hand for years (Sheldon, 1997;Poon, 1993).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Sheldon, 1997
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Poon, 1993 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs play a critical role for the competitiveness of tourism organisations and destinations as well as for the entire industry as a whole (UNWTO, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites UNWTO, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Developments in ICTs have undoubtedly changed both business practices and strategies as well as industry structures (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICTs have also changed radically the efficiency and effectiveness of tourism organisations, the way that businesses are conducted in the marketplace, as well as how consumers interact with organisations (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The establishment of the Computer Reservations Systems (CRSs) in the 1970s and Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) in the late 1980s, followed by the development of the Internet in the late 1990s, have transformed the best operational and strategic practices in the industry dramatically (Buhalis, 2003;O'Connor, 1999;Emmer et al,, 1993;eBusiness Watch, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor, 1999 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Emmer et al,, 1993 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the Internet era even individuals have sufficient power to take on powerful organizations such as airlines (Buhalis, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ICTs convergence effectively integrates the entire range of hardware, software, groupware, netware and humanware and blurs the boundaries between equipment and software (Werthner & Klein,1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Werthner & Klein,1999 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The Internet is already influencing the consumer behaviour in developing countries such as China enabling consumers to have much more choice (Li & Buhalis, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Li & Buhalis, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) research, the reasons of consumers not purchasing travel products online are the lack of personal service, security issues, lack of experience, and time consuming.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wolfe, Hsu, and Kang's (2004) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002) summarized the Internet users' profile into seven e-social factors, namely: region/geography, culture, legal/regulation/policy, economic, ethical/professional, social capital/social networks, and social structure.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“ICTs not only reduce uncertainty and perceived risks but also enhance the quality of trips (Fodness & Murray, 1997).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fodness & Murray, 1997 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) study finds that utilitarianconsumption highly correlates with information search and online shopping behaviour.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cotte, Chowdhury, Ratneshwar and Ricci's (2006) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Ricci (2002) further stated that a recommender system can provide valuable information to assist consumers' decision making process.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ricci (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“At present, many tourism practitioners do not know which VTCs exist and how to handle e-complaints in virtual communities, resulting in losing customers and negative WOM (Mattila & Mount, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mattila & Mount, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the past, less than 5 percent of customers who were dissatisfied had actually voiced out their complaints (Albrecht & Zemke, 1985).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Albrecht & Zemke, 1985
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Customers search for travel related information, make online air ticket bookings, online room reservations, and other online purchases themselves instead of relying on travel agencies to undertake this process for them (Morrison et al., 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison et al., 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“According to Graeupl (2006), flight information and accommodation are the most searched topics for the consumers aged between 50 to 60 years olds, and most of them were not interested in package holidays.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Graeupl (2006)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Increasingly, ICTs enable travellers to access reliable and accurate information as well as to undertake reservations in a fraction of time, cost and inconvenience required by conventional methods (O'Connor, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor, 1999 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many consumers rely on WOM to reduce the perceived risks and uncertainty before they make any purchases (Walker, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walker, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Leading global online travel agents, such as Expedia, Orbitz, Lastminute.com,Opodo and Travelocity, are mainly successful for their provision of a platform for one-stop shopping with significant improvement in usability and interaction design (Klein, 2002).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klein, 2002 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Not only ICTs empower consumers to identify, customise and purchase tourism products but they also support the globalisation of the industry by providing effective tools for suppliers to develop, manage and distribute their offerings worldwide (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Weber and Roehl (1999) found that people purchasing travel products online are more likely to have been online for four years or more”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Weber and Roehl (1999) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Technology therefore emerges as an”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In recent years, children, however, also play a key role in the decision making process (Wang et al., 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Wang et al., 2004
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A recommender system can support travellers in a complex decision-making process by identifying better customer requirements and by correlating those to other consumers and their preferences (Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003, Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Fesenmaier, Werthner, & Wöber, 2003
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Ricci & Werthner, 2002, 2006
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although different recommendation technologies have been applied to eTourism, Rabanser and Ricci (2005) argued that the existence of different business models present application challenges.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Rabanser and Ricci (2005) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Buhalis (1998) stated that potential tourists have become more independent and sophisticated on using a wide range of tools to arrange for their trips.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis (1998) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“According to Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990), the four major factors that influence information search in the tourism context are i) the composition of vacation groups, ii) the presence of families and friends at the destination, iii) prior visits to the destination, and iv) the degree of novelty associated with the destination.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Snepenger, Meged, Snelling and Worrall (1990) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Frew (2000) estimated that 665 refereed articles were published in the 20 years period 1980 through 1999.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Frew (2000) source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Personality has been related to the selection of vacation destinations, the choice of leisure activities throughout the vacation, and other travel-related decisions (Mardrigal, 1995).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Mardrigal, 1995
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A Virtual Travel Community (VTC) makes it easier for people to obtain information, maintain connections, develop relationships, and eventually make travel-related decisions (Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stepchenkova, Mills, & Jiang, 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Despite VTCs' large potential impact on the tourism industry, Preece (2000) stated that research on the topic is still at an infancy stage when comparing to other geographical and physical communities.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Preece (2000)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Previous research showed that tourists who searched on the Internet tended to spend more at their destinations as compared to those who consult other information sources (Bonn, Furr, & Susskind, 1998;Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONSUMERS AND DEMAND DIMENSIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bonn, Furr, & Susskind, 1998 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Luo, Feng, & Cai, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Travellers expect websites to be informative, interactive, and attractive (Chu, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chu, 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Lastly, Cunliffe (2000) emphasized a poor web design resulted in a loss of 50 percent of potential sales and the negative experience lead to a loss of 40 percent of potential repeated visits.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cunliffe (2000) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“WiMAX promotes conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard and provides wireless data over a long distance (Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Patton, Aukerman & Shorter, 2005
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Staab and Werthner (2002) stated that interoperability is a major technical issue”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Staab and Werthner (2002)
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Internet is changing the industry structure by altering barriers to entry, minimising switching costs, revolutionising distribution channels, facilitating price transparency and competition, whilst enhancing production efficiency (Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kim, Nam, & Stimpert, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) consolidated 25 tourism and hospitality website studies from 1996 to 2006 on website quality and features analysis and generated 74 website features.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hashim, Murphy and Law (2007) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“mobile services now enable travellers to book hotel rooms and air-tickets, car rentals, retrieve information about transportation schedules, travel guides for destinations, and dining guides (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The four primary functions of LBS for the traveller are: (1) localization of persons, objects, and places, (2) routing between them, (3) search for objects in proximity such as restaurants, shops, hotels, or sights, and (4) information about travelling conditions, such as traffic-related data (Berger et al., 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Berger et al., 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Telepresence relies on how closely the computer-mediated experience simulates real-world interaction with a product and is determined by the extent to which interactivity is achieved (Fiore et al., 2005;Shih, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fiore et al., 2005 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Shih, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As a result, the Internet forces tourism organisations around the world to change their strategies dramatically (Buhalis & Zoge, 2007).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis & Zoge, 2007 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Similarly, Maedche and Staab (2002;2003) showed that semantic web technologies can be used for tourism information systems to provide useful information on text and graphics, as well as generating a semantic description that is interpretable by machines.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Maedche and Staab (2002;2003)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“By using the Web and the Internet as marketing tools, tourism organizations also gained some distinct advantages in cost reduction, revenue growth, marketing research and database development, and customer retention (Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morrison, Taylor, Morrison, & Morrison, 1999
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Han and Mills (2006) stated that the current website design have nine themes that will affect the screen readers for the visual-impaired users.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Han and Mills (2006)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The web therefore introduced utter transparency in the marketplace (Buhalis, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“WiMAX is expected to offer the highest possible coverage, up to 30 miles (Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007) providing Internet broadband wireless access to entire destinations.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites Odinma, Oborkale, & Kah, 2007
Strength:hedged· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Redesigning processes and eliminating repetitive tasks reduced labour costs and increased efficiency (Buhalis, 1998).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buhalis, 1998 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the Web allows people from around the world to virtually interact with a destination through three-dimensional (3D) virtual tours (Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cho & Fesenmaier, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The Internet also enabled them to dynamically package their individualised products by combining different travel products (i.e.accommodation, transportation etc.) (Daniele & Frew, 2005).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Daniele & Frew, 2005 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A major challenge for their wide adoption, however, is the language barriers (Chen & Hsu, 2000) that make the mobile information not providing the latest information due to delay in translation.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chen & Hsu, 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Pricing became utterly transparent and hence the price that appeared in different distribution channels had to be coordinated to ensure price parity (O'Connor, 2003).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not matched
  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
  cites O'Connor, 2003
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ICT developments have direct impacts on the competitiveness of enterprises they determine the two fundamental roots to competitive advantage, i.e. differentiation and cost advantage (Porter, 2001).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Porter, 2001
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Assistive technologies such as voice browsers can provide certain assistance for these customers to access web information (Pühretmair, 2004).”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Pühretmair, 2004 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“O'Connor and Murphy (2004) reviewed recent research on information technology in the hospitality industry and revealed three broad research areas: the Internet's effects on distribution; on pricing; and on consumer interactions.”
§ Tourism Management 2008 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research > CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites O'Connor and Murphy (2004) source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

90 of 90

The paper relies on this without support.
The more than 149 published articles identified by the database search are representative of the critical contributions to eTourism research.
“At the end of the database search, more than 149 published articles were determined to be relevant to this study as they had made a critical contribution to this area and they are analyzed in this paper.”
The paper relies on this without support.
People with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.
“The hospitality and tourism industries should be aware of the fact that people with disabilities and the elderly represent a growing market segment.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.
“Tourism information needs an extensive representation of photos and graphics in order to provide a tangible image or experience to travel planners.”

3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

Main citation year differs from the reference
Minor
The text cites Main as a 2002 publication, but the reference list dates the corresponding work to 2001.
Two proceedings papers have the same page range
Minor
The references place two different papers on pages 163-174 of the same 2007 proceedings volume.
Two journal articles have the same page range
Minor
The references assign pages 105-116 of the same journal volume and issue to two different articles.
Li and Buhalis citation year differs from the reference
Minor
The text cites Li and Buhalis as a 2006 publication, while the corresponding reference lists it as 2005.

4 of 4

Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors
(1980) · Journal of Sustainable Competitive Intelligence · doi:10.24883/iberoamericanic.v2i2.38 · Cited by 16,592
The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Rheingold, H. (1994) · Cited by 5,655
Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence
Steuer, J. (1992) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x · Cited by 5,459
Untitled work
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 3,759
How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy
Porter, M. E. (1989) · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20317-8_10 · Cited by 3,270
Frictionless commerce? A comparison of Internet and conventional retailers
Brynjolfsson, E., & Smith, M. D. (2000) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.46.4.563.12061 · Cited by 2,498
Decision support systems and intelligent systems
Turban, E., & Aronson, J. E. (1997) · University of Maribor digital library (University of Maribor) · Cited by 2,452
E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework
Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003) · Psychology & Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.10063 · Cited by 2,310
Reducing buyer search costs: Implications for electronic marketplaces
Bakos, J. Y. (1997) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.43.12.1676 · Cited by 2,259
Web-Based Virtual Learning Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness in Basic it Skills Training1
Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3250989 · Cited by 1,587

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 203 references

30 of the 203 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Baum, 2001, E-learning in hospitality and tourism. Education, Singapore's Knowledge Industry Journal, December, 32
Odinma, 2007, The trends in broadband wireless network technologies, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 8, 118
Pouloudi, A., Vassilopoulou, K., & Ziouvelou, X. (2002). Considering the societal implications in the adoption of e-business models. In Proceedings of 6th international conference on the transformation of organizations in the information age: Social and ethical implications (ETHICOMP’2002), Lisbon, Portugal, 13–15 November (pp. 237–246).

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 3,804

Generation Y: The Competitiveness of the Tourism Sector Based on Digital Technology
Liberato, P., Liberato, D., Abreu, A. J., et al. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74980-8_21 · Cited by 32
Facebook’s power: factors influencing followers’ visit intentions
López, F. B., Virto, N. R., Manzano, J. A., & Delgado, D. C. (2019) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-06-2018-0032 · Cited by 33
“In addition, Henseler’s MGA shows differences in the two aforementioned linkages (H3; p-value = 0.997 p< 0.01; H4; p-value = 0.002 p< 0.01) and a small difference between the two museum FFP followers in the relationship between MGC and perceived information quality (H1; p-value = 0.95 p< 0.10), the coefficient being h…”
BackgroundInfluential
A critique of the progress of eTourism technology acceptance research: time for a hike?
Pourfakhimi, S., Duncan, T., & Coetzee, W. J. L. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-08-2018-0077 · Cited by 37
Spatial Data Mining Approaches for GIS – A Brief Review
Perumal, M., Velumani, B., Sadhasivam, A., et al. (2014) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-13731-5_63 · Cited by 31
“Spatial Data mining techniques combined with widely used in various studies to mine interesting facts associated in domains Transport, Tourism, Soil quality monitoring, water resource monitoring, and deforestation [7], [9], [13], [17], [20-22], [24-25], [27-29], [31], [40-42], [44-45], [48-49], [54], [60], [62-63], [7…”
Method
Accessible Tourism for the Deaf via Mobile Apps
Milicchio, F., & Prosperi, M. (2016) · ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA) · doi:10.1145/2910674.2910694 · Cited by 31
“A comprehensive survey on active research may be found in [3], while in [4] recommendations for creating novel business models have been proposed.”
Background
Tecnologías de información y comunicación para el turismo inclusivo
Moreno, D. C. R. (2017) · Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas · doi:10.18359/rfce.3142 · Cited by 31
Online Reputation and Destination Competitiveness: The Case of Spain
Perles‐Ribes, J. F., Rodríguez, A. B. R., Moreno‐Izquierdo, L., & Devesa, M. J. S. (2019) · Tourism Analysis · doi:10.3727/108354219x15525055915518 · Cited by 31
Online Marketing Effectiveness - the influence of information load and digital literacy, a cross-country comparison
García, J. A. C., Frías-Jamilena, D. M., Molina, M. Á. R., & Jones, A. L. (2019) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-019-00372-9 · Cited by 31
“The tourism sector, one of the earliest adopters of digital technologies, has become one of the most prominent users of these technologies for the promotion and distribution of products and services (Buhalis and Law 2008), and has therefore been used as the basis for this project.”
Background
Expansion of Technology Utilization Through Tourism 4.0 in Slovenia
Urbančič, J., Kuralt, V., Ratkajec, H., Štraus, M., Vavroš, A., Mokorel, S., Peceny, U. S., & Ilijaš, T. (2020) · Advances in hospitality, tourism and the services industry (AHTSI) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-1989-9.ch011 · Cited by 31
“Tourism and technological advancement have been inter-connected for a long time (Poon, 1993; Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Influence of Social Media on Tourists' Destination Selection Decision
Paul, H. S., Roy, D., & Mia, R. (2019) · Scholars Bulletin · doi:10.36348/sb.2019.v05i11.009 · Cited by 33
“In recent age, the developments in information and communication technology (ICT) increased the social media usages which significantly influence consumer behavior and decision making [3] specifically during planning for travel or purchasing travel related products or services [4].”
Background
Evolutionary Aspects of Scarcity Information with Regard to Travel Options: The Role of Childhood Socioeconomic Status
Park, J., Kim, J., & Kim, S. (2020) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287520971040 · Cited by 30
“With the development of information technology, online transactions have become one of the most popularly used distribution channels for purchasing products and services (Buhalis and Law 2008; Park, Ha, and Park 2017).”
Background
Smart Tourism: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
Akdu, U. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83982-688-720201018 · Cited by 39
Applications of Social Media in the Tourism Industry: A Review
Islam, M. T. (2021) · SEISENSE Journal of Management · doi:10.33215/sjom.v4i1.556 · Cited by 31
“Consumer behavior in tourism has always been guided through the growth of information and communication technology (Buhali & Law, 2008) and, in particular, web 2.0, which has vitally altered the way users organize and purchase travel-related commodities (Fotis, Buhalis, & Rossides, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluential
AI in health tourism: developing a measurement scale
Wang, K., Kong, H., Bu, N. T., Xiao, H., Qiu, X., & Li, J. (2022) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2022.2142620 · Cited by 35
“AI may access Internet database and wearable devices to monitor health index and develop sub-health care solutions, which is more e ﬀ ective and customized during trip (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Emerging trends in online reviews research in hospitality and tourism: A scientometric update (2000−2020)
Zheng, X., Huang, J., Wu, J. F., Sun, S., & Wang, S. (2023) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101105 · Cited by 38
Integration, intermediation and tourism higher education: Conceptual understanding in the curriculum
Busby, G. D., & Huang, R. (2011) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.009 · Cited by 31
Uncovering Critical Success Factors for Business-to-Customer Electronic Commerce in Travel Agencies
Lin, S., & Fu, H. (2012) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2012.703034 · Cited by 32
“…(Buhalis, 1998; Doolin, Burgess, & Cooper, 2002; Ma, Buhalis, & Song, 2003; Stamboulis & Skayannis, 2003; Chen & Yung, 2004; Bigne et al., 2008; Buhalis & Law, 2008; Law, Leung, & Buhalis, 2009; Wen, 2012), and the most commonly used multivariate statistical methods used in these works are…”
E-Tourism: The role of ICT In tourism industry
Farkhondehzadeh, A., Karim, M. R. R., Roshanfekr, M., et al. (2013) · European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences · Cited by 31
Technology leadership and predicting travel agent performance
Srivastava, A. P., & Dhar, R. L. (2016) · Tourism Management Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2016.07.009 · Cited by 31
The Strategic Role of Information Technology in Tourism: The Case of Global Distribution Systems
Drosos, D., Chalikias, M. S., Skordoulis, M., et al. (2017) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47732-9_15 · Cited by 31
A theoretical framework of electronic word-of-mouth against the backdrop of social networking websites
Nusair, K., Hua, N., Ozturk, A. B., & Butt, I. (2017) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2016.1218404 · Cited by 32
“First, information technologies have enabled opinions of a single individual to instantly reach thousands, even millions of consumers (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
The role of the media in constructing a destination image: the Kenya experience
Muhoho-Minni, P., & Lubbe, B. A. (2017) · Communicatio · doi:10.1080/02500167.2016.1226915 · Cited by 39
Exploring the dialogic communication potential of selected African destinations' place websites
Hinson, R. E., Osabutey, E. L. C., & Kosiba, J. P. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.033 · Cited by 31
“Offline information does not permit the flexibility of dialogic engagement and relationship building which the web permits (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Hotel technology: a perspective article
Law, R., Sun, S., & Chan, I. C. C. (2019) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-05-2019-0150 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
The Adoption of Smartphone Applications by Airlines
Liu, Y., & Law, R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36309-2_5 · Cited by 31
Self-citation
Destination brands and website evaluation: a research methodology
jose.fernandez@upf.edu, U. P. F. (., & Fernández-Cavia, J. (2013) · doi:10.4185/rlcs-2013-993en · Cited by 31
Personalisation Systems for Cultural Tourism
Kabassi, K. (2013) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-00375-7_7 · Cited by 30
Information and Communication Technologies, Innovation, and Firm Productivity in Small and Medium-Sized Travel Agencies
Díaz-Chao, Á., Izard, O. M., & Torrent‐Sellens, J. (2015) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287515583357 · Cited by 30
“Indeed, although there is considerable evidence in the literature of the impact that ICT (Buhalis 1998; Buhalis and Law 2008) and innovation (Novelli, Schmitz, and Spencer 2006; Hjalager 2010; Camisón and Montfort-Mir 2012; Williams 2014) have on tourism firms, few studies have addressed specific…”
Background
Halal Logistics Performance and Customer Loyalty: From the Literature Review to a Conceptual Framework
Masudin, I., Fernanda, F. W., & Widayat, W. (2018) · International Journal of Technology · doi:10.14716/ijtech.v9i5.1919 · Cited by 38
Telecommunication and tourism development: an island perspective
Seetanah, B. (2019) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-08-2018-0117 · Cited by 30
Understanding tourist information search behaviour: the power and insight of social network analysis
Kang, S., Kim, W. G., & Park, D. (2020) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2020.1771290 · Cited by 38
Factors influencing Generation Y’s tourism-related social media activity: the case of Polish students
Kowalczyk-Anioł, J., & Nowacki, M. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-03-2019-0049 · Cited by 23
Social media usage in business decision-making: the case of Malaysian small hospitality organisations
Siti‐Nabiha, A. K., Nordin, N., & Poh, B. K. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration · doi:10.1108/apjba-08-2020-0276 · Cited by 31
Tourist’s rational and emotional engagement across events: a multi-event integration view
Folgado-Fernández, J. A., Duarte, P., & Mogollón, J. M. H. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-09-2020-1098 · Cited by 41
Adapting to social media: the influence of online reviews on tourist behaviour at a world heritage site in China
Xu, H., Lovett, J. C., Cheung, L. T. O., Duan, X., Pei, Q., & Liang, D. (2021) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2021.1952460 · Cited by 31
“Accordingly, online reviews allow consumers to “experience” destinations without actually visiting the physical locations (Buhalis & Law, 2008) and may inform consumers’ subsequent travel and purchasing decisions (Alcázar et al., 2014).”
Background
Developing a Competitive and Sustainable Model for the Future of a Destination: Iran’s Tourism Competitiveness
Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M., Makian, S., & Ghaffari, M. (2022) · International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration · doi:10.1080/15256480.2022.2081279 · Cited by 30
“IT is vital for the competitive procedure of tourism organizations in terms of organizational learning, monitoring, capacity assessment, integrated policymaking, distribution management system, and promotion activities (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
A Review of Robotic Applications in Hospitality and Tourism Research
Ye, H., Sun, S., & Law, R. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141710827 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
“To use or not to use” - Mobile technology in nature-based tourism experience
Nautiyal, R., Polus, R. C., Tripathi, A., & Shaheer, I. (2023) · Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism · doi:10.1016/j.jort.2023.100667 · Cited by 30
Tourism Marketing in Facebook: Comparing Rural Tourism SME’s and Larger Tourism Companies in Finland
Pesonen, J. A. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0503-0_43 · Cited by 31
Information system maturity and the hospitality enterprise performance
Praničević, D. G., Alfirević, N., & Štemberger, M. I. (2011) · Economic and business review · doi:10.15458/2335-4216.1225 · Cited by 29
A spatial analysis on the determinants of tourism performance in Japanese Prefectures
Romão, J., & Saito, H. (2017) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science · doi:10.1007/s41685-017-0038-0 · Cited by 30
“This seems to be in accordance with the recent conceptualizations proposed by several authors (e.g. Buhalis and Law 2008; Williams and Shaw 2011; Brouder and Eriksson 2013; Martin 2014; or Boes et al. 2016), who suggest that the ability to integrate knowledge and technology (in particular related…”
BackgroundResult
Implementation of Web 2.0 in the snow tourism industry: Analysis of the online presence and e-commerce of ski resorts
Cristóbal-Fransi, E., Daries-Ramon, N., Mariné-Roig, E., & Martín-Fuentes, E. (2017) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1016/j.sjme.2017.06.002 · Cited by 29
Education research in tourism: A longitudinal study of 77 articles between 2008 and 2017
Qian, J., Law, R., & Li, X. (2019) · Journal of Hospitality Leisure Sport & Tourism Education · doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2019.02.003 · Cited by 30
Self-citation
A Bibliometric Study on Eye-Tracking Research in Tourism
ATABAY, E., & Güzeller, C. O. (2021) · Tourism · doi:10.37741/t.69.4.8 · Cited by 29
Measuring service quality with text analytics: Considering both importance and performance of consumer opinions on social and non-social online platforms
Lin, L., Xu, P., Wang, Y.-Y., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114298 · Cited by 31
Artificial Intelligence in Marketing: Two Decades Review
Jain, R., & Kumar, A. (2024) · NMIMS Management Review · doi:10.1177/09711023241272308 · Cited by 45
“In this process, we identified four keywords and searched those through Google Scholar and Scopus, two of the primarily accepted and popular databases and search engines (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Co-creation and the new marketing mix as an innovative approach for enhancing tourism industry competitiveness in Egypt
Eraqi, M. I. (2011) · International Journal of Services and Operations Management · doi:10.1504/ijsom.2011.037441 · Cited by 29
Augmented Reality for Smart Tourism in Religious Heritage Itineraries
Ramos, C. M. Q., Henriques, C., & Lanquar, R. G. (2016) · Advances in human and social aspects of technology book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0435-1.ch010 · Cited by 29
Blurring the borders between B2B and B2C: a model of antecedents behind usage of social media for travel planning
Nath, A., Saha, P., & Salehi‐Sangari, E. (2019) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-11-2018-0329 · Cited by 30
Chinese DMOs’ engagement on global social media: examining post-related factors
Mao, Z., Li, D., Yang, Y., Fu, X., & Yang, W. (2019) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2019.1708759 · Cited by 28
“Social media applications such as Facebook and Twitter have profoundly revolutionized the business landscape nowadays, evidenced by how enterprises and organizations develop, manage, and distribute their products and services (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Innovation diffusion in tourism: how information about blockchain is exchanged and characterized on twitter
Bolici, F., Acciarini, C., Marchegiani, L., & Pirolo, L. (2020) · The TQM Journal · doi:10.1108/tqm-01-2020-0016 · Cited by 29
Application of virtual reality technologies in the comrades’ marathon as a response to COVID-19 pandemic
Woyo, E., & Nyamandi, C. (2021) · Development Southern Africa · doi:10.1080/0376835x.2021.1911788 · Cited by 29
“ICT developments have significantly influenced the tourism industry and enhanced general users’ experiences (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Gamification in Tourism: A Design Framework for the TRIPMENTOR Project
Roinioti, E., Pandia, E., Konstantakis, M., & Skarpelos, Y. (2022) · Digital · doi:10.3390/digital2020012 · Cited by 29
mLearning as a softer visitor management approach for sustainable tourism
Tan, E., & Law, R. (2015) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2015.1049610 · Cited by 29
“The database search was carried out between September and November 2013 from three of the largest and most popular databases (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Law, Qi, & Buhalis, 2010; Law, Ye, Chen, & Leung, 2009): (1) EBSCOHost (http://search.ebscohost.com), (2) Science Direct (http://sciencedirect.com), and…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The critical success factors for a travel application service provider evaluation and selection by travel intermediaries
Lin, S. (2016) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.028 · Cited by 29
Risks and marketing in online transactions: a qualitative comparative analysis
Pappas, N. V. (2016) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2016.1187586 · Cited by 29
Tourism stakeholders’ perceptions of service gaps in Arctic destinations: Lessons from Norway's Finnmark region
Chen, J. S., & Chen, Y. (2016) · Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism · doi:10.1016/j.jort.2016.04.006 · Cited by 29
Digital Tourism: A Content Analysis of West Java Tourism Websites
Putra, F. K. K., Saepudin, P., Adriansyah, E., et al. (2018) · Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies · doi:10.21776/ub.jitode.2018.006.02.02 · Cited by 29
“Indonesia should increase consistently in ICT sector, because tourism is one of the successful industries that use an Internet benefit where the quantity and online transaction value grown and has multiple effects through the economy [5, 6].”
Background
Strategies for Adopting Consumer‐generated Media in Small‐sized to Medium‐sized Tourism Enterprises
Burgess, S., Sellitto, C., Cox, C., & Buultjens, J. (2014) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.2008 · Cited by 29
“Buhalis and Law (2008), in a review of research covering ICT and tourism, noted that tourism operators must ensure that they stayed innovative by developing products and processes that considered both proactive and reactive responses to developments related to the Internet.”
Background
The use of ICT in established and emerging tourist destinations: a comparative analysis in hotels
Molina, M. E. R., Saura, I. G., & Šerić, M. (2013) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-oct-2011-0033 · Cited by 27
To include or not: the role of review papers in citation-based analysis
Ho, M. H., Liu, J. S., & Chang, K. C.-T. (2016) · Scientometrics · doi:10.1007/s11192-016-2158-0 · Cited by 28
“Some studies review an abundant amount of literature through qualitative content analysis (Buhalis and Law 2008; Law et al. 2009; Meyer et al. 2014; Sharif 2006), whereas others apply quantitative or bibliometric methods to summarise the development of a research topic (Amaro and Duarte 2013) and…”
Method
Online Reputation Monitoring: An Exploratory Study on Italian Hotel Managers’ Practices
Aureli, S., & Supino, E. (2017) · International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration · doi:10.1080/15256480.2016.1264903 · Cited by 29
“As suggested by Burgess et al. (2014), these small sized organizations could exploitWeb 2.”
Background
Exploring the effect of ICT and tourism on economic growth: a study of Israel
Kumar, R. R., Stauvermann, P. J., Kumar, N. N., & Shahzad, S. J. H. (2018) · Economic Change and Restructuring · doi:10.1007/s10644-018-9227-8 · Cited by 27
“…at competitive prices (Cronin et al. 1991; Norton 1992; Madden and Savage 1998; Nadiri and Nandi 1999; Porter 2001; Jorgenson 2001; Stiroh 2002; Buhalis and Law 2008; Inklaar et al. 2008; Jorgenson and Vu 2011), A persistent effect of ICT on growth results, if the growth of the total factor…”
Background
Food tourists’ connectivity through the 5A journey and advocacy: comparison between generations Y and X
Hwang, J., & Kim, J.-Y. (2019) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2019.1580756 · Cited by 28
“One distinctive characteristic of the digital world is wider connectivity among customers, which has affected consumers’ journey through decision-making processes and post-purchase behaviour (Blazevic et al., 2013; Buhalis & Law, 2008; Cheung & Thadani, 2012; Chuang et al., 2017).”
Background
Tourism for all: a mobile application to assist visually impaired users in enjoying tourist services
Ceccarini, C., & Prandi, C. (2019) · IEEE Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC) · doi:10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651848 · Cited by 28
“A detailed survey on related projects in this field may be found in [16], while [17] provides interesting recommendations for creating novel business models.”
Background
The trend of multisided platforms (MSPs) in the travel industry: reintermediation of travel agencies (TAs) and global distribution systems (GDSs)
Aamir, S., & Atsan, N. (2020) · Journal of Tourism Futures · doi:10.1108/jtf-10-2019-0121 · Cited by 35
“…the commercialization of internet technologies, the sole control of intermediaries lowered because of easy access to information, enhanced transparency and the evolution of new online channels of distribution in business to business (B2B) and business to customer trading (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
Background
Influencer Marketing for Tourism and Hospitality
Yetimoğlu, S., & Uğurlu, K. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83982-688-720201009 · Cited by 28
An assessment on the news about the tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Şengel, Ü., Çevrimkaya, M., Genç, G., Işkın, M., Zengin, B., & Sarıışık, M. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-05-2020-0072 · Cited by 28
How do you feel about crowding at destinations? An exploration based on user-generated content
Liang, S., Li, C., Li, H., & Cheng, H. (2021) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100606 · Cited by 29
Geospatial tourist information system for promoting tourism in trans-himalayas: A study of leh ladakh India
Dar, S. N., Shah, S. A., & Wani, M. A. (2021) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-021-10431-4 · Cited by 28
A recipe for sustainable development: assessing transition of commercial foodservices towards the goal of the triple bottom line sustainability
Bui, H. T., & Filimonau, V. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-03-2021-0330 · Cited by 28
Research trends in tourism and hospitality from 1991 to 2020: an integrated approach of corpus linguistics and bibliometrics
Gui, W., Wang, H., & Wang, L. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights · doi:10.1108/jhti-09-2021-0260 · Cited by 31
Can smart tourism technology enhance destination image? The case of the 2018 Taichung World Flora Exposition
Chang, S. (2022) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-07-2020-0182 · Cited by 34
Role of Digital Empowerment in Developing Farmers’ Green Production by Agro-Tourism Integration in Xichong, Sichuan
Zhong, Y.-P., Tang, L.-R., & Li, Y. (2022) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture12111761 · Cited by 28
“Informatization is an essential element to promote the development of the tourism industry [18,19].”
Background
Human centered digital transformation in travel: a horizon 2050 paper
Inversini, A. (2024) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-12-2023-0886 · Cited by 28
How information and communication technologies contribute to rural tourism resilience: evidence from China
Zhong, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Su, M. (2024) · Electronic Commerce Research · doi:10.1007/s10660-024-09854-1 · Cited by 33
“A large body of literature demonstrates that ICT has brought both opportunities and challenges to the development of the tourism industry [10–14].”
A study of social interaction during mobile information seeking
Tan, E. M., & Goh, D. H. (2015) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.23310 · Cited by 28
“This is also shown in the work of Buhalis and Law (2008) who reported that in tourism people increasingly trust their peers rather than messages sent by merchants.”
Background
Good environmental practices for hospitality and tourism
Ruiz‐Molina, M., Saura, I. G., & Velázquez, B. M. (2010) · Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal · doi:10.1108/14777831011049106 · Cited by 28
“The rapid evolution of ICT has involved offering new instruments for management and adding value to customer experience in the hotel ( Buhalis and Law, 2008”
Background
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Food Quality in UGC
Tiago, M. T. B., Amaral, F. E. B., & Tiago, F. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1187 · Cited by 28
Sensation Seeking, Message Sensation Value, and Destinations
Lu, A. C. C., Chi, C. G.-Q., & Lu, C. Y. R. (2014) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348014550872 · Cited by 30
“…and behavior intentions. impliCationS Given that the Internet has dramatically changed the way tourism-related information is distributed (Buhalis & Law, 2008) and that social media websites have gained substantial popularity in recent years (Gretzel, 2006; Pan, MacLaurin, & Crotts,…”
Background
Comparative Evaluation of the Official Destination Websites from the Perspective of Customers
Tanrısevdi, A., & Duran, N. (2011) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2011.577708 · Cited by 28
“In this sense, the expert and familiar tourists were likely to utilize external information sources to vary degrees (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Background
Adoption and use of technology in small business environments
Alonso‐Almeida, M. D. M., & Llach, J. (2011) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2011.634904 · Cited by 28
“As a result, in a short period of time the adoption and use of ICTs have become determinants for company survival and success (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Hjalager, 2010).”
Background
Measurement of Satisfaction with ICT Services Implementation and Innovation in Restaurants (Case Study: Isfahan, Iran)
Farsani, N. T., Sadeghi, R., Shafiei, Z., et al. (2015) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2015.1050540 · Cited by 28
“Buhalis and Law (2008) urged that ICT can assist in the improvement of the service quality and contribute to higher guest/ traveler satisfaction.”
Background
Hospitality employers’ perceptions of technology for sustainable development: The implications for graduate employability
Ali, A., Murphy, H. C., & Nadkarni, S. (2016) · Tourism and Hospitality Research · doi:10.1177/1467358416636929 · Cited by 28
“This also was reinforced by the prevalence of research on the tactical aspects of technology, e.g. Buhalis and Law (2008) and Ip et al. (2011), who focus of applications in hospitality with little attention given to the interdisciplinary nature of technology for SD. Non-hoteliers however, appeared…”
Tourism Branding, Identity, Reputation Co-creation, and Word-of-Mouth in the Age of Social Media
Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2014) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137354358_2 · Cited by 29
“Recent studies, at both academic and professional levels, note that the modern traveler is more aware of the opportunities generated by the Internet, and therefore is more demanding (Buhalis and Law, 2008) in terms of information gathering and opportunities evaluation.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Construction and validation of the customer social participation in brand communities scale
Kamboj, S., & Sarmah, B. (2017) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-01-2017-0011 · Cited by 28
Marketing destinations: the impact of destination personality on consumer attitude
Sharifsamet, S., Jin, H. S., & Martin, B. A. S. (2018) · Journal of Strategic Marketing · doi:10.1080/0965254x.2018.1485726 · Cited by 28
“Also, the Internet offers challenges and opportunities to marketers (Buhalis & Law, 2008; Poch & Martin, 2015).”
Background
“Click & experience. Just virtually there.” The Effect of a Destination Website on Tourist Choice: Evidence from Italy
Romanazzi, S., Petruzzellis, L., & Iannuzzi, E. (2011) · Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management · doi:10.1080/19368623.2011.605037 · Cited by 28
Can Gamification and Augmented Reality (AR) Revitalize Declining Destinations? Investigating its Impact on Tourist Attitudes and Behavior
Jo, Y., & Shin, H. (2025) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875251332961 · Cited by 33
“Technologies like VR and AR merge physical and digital worlds, boosting a destination’s attractiveness and competitiveness (Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
Orientation to sustainability and strategic positioning of destinations: an analysis of international tourism websites
d’Angella, F., & Carlo, M. D. (2014) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2014.965133 · Cited by 27
“Email: francescadangella@hotmail.com Current Issues in Tourism, 2016 Vol. 19, No. 7, 624–633, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.965133 authors show that effective online communication is a source of competitive advantage (Baggio, 2003; Buhalis & Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Internet functions in marketing: multicriteria ranking of agricultural SMEs websites in Greece
Tsekouropoulos, G., Andreopoulou, Z. S., Koliouska, C., et al. (2014) · Journal of Agricultural Informatics · doi:10.17700/jai.2013.4.2.107 · Cited by 27
“According to recent studies, the internet is most effective when used as an advertising and marketing tool (Cai, Card, and Cole, 2004; Garces et al., 2004; Law and Hsu, 2005; Lee, Cai, and O’Leary, 2006; Bui, Le, and Jones, 2006; Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
Method
“Marketing a través de aplicaciones móviles de turismo (m-tourism). Un estudio exploratorio”
Saura, J. R., Palos‐Sánchez, P. R., & Reyes-Menéndez, A. (2017) · International Journal of World of Tourism · doi:10.12795/ijwt.2017.i08.04 · Cited by 27
Influence of local environment on exit of accommodation establishments
Falk, M., & Hagsten, E. (2018) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.04.002 · Cited by 27
Exploring knowledge-building in tour guiding research: A content analysis of empirical papers on tour guiding, 1980–2015
Chen, H., Weiler, B., & Black, R. S. (2018) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.09.005 · Cited by 27
Negative MWOM and value co-destruction during destination crises
Gkritzali, A., Mavragani, E. P., & Gritzalis, D. A. (2019) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-07-2019-0278 · Cited by 27
The Implications of Digital Marketing and e-Commerce in the Tourism Sector Growth
Carvalho, S., & Carvalho, J. V. (2019) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2024-2_15 · Cited by 27
Discovering the sustainable hotel brand personality on TripAdvisor
Neto, Á. P., da Silva, E. A. L., Ferreira, L. V. F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-05-2019-0076 · Cited by 27
“The Virtual Travel Community (VTC) emerged on the web 2.0 and has been making it easier for travelers to obtain information about tourism suppliers and become less dependent on intermediaries (Buhalis and Law, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Impact of Mobile Applications in Changing the Tourist Experience
Dias, S. F., & Afonso, V. A. (2021) · European journal of tourism, hospitality and recreation · doi:10.2478/ejthr-2021-0011 · Cited by 28
Sustainable Tourism Development Based upon Visitors’ Brand Trust: A Case of “100 Religious Attractions”
Wang, K. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14041977 · Cited by 33
“Recent studies indicate that many tourists enjoy sharing knowledge, emotions, and experiential moments in online communities [79,80].”
Background
The Future of Destination Marketing Organizations in the Insight Era
Huang, A., Velasco, E. D. L. M., Haney, A., & Álvarez, S. (2022) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp3030049 · Cited by 29

Authors: Buhalis, D., & Law, R.
Affiliations: Bournemouth University (GB)
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
Corresponding author: Buhalis, Dimitrios
ORCID: Buhalis, Dimitrios
Law, Rob
Venue: Tourism Management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-08
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 609-623
ISSN: 0261-5177 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005
OpenAlex: W2041711461
Semantic Scholar: 862fb90d5a788335f20fd03bb76be7e143aca153
Cited by: 3,823
References: 203
Citations by year: 2026: 240 · 2025: 238 · 2024: 268 · 2023: 213 · 2022: 257 · 2021: 320 · 2020: 333 · 2019: 268 · 2018: 221 · 2017: 257 · 2016: 245 · 2015: 235 · 2014: 193 · 2013: 185 · 2012: 141
FWCI: 235.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Tourism Management (publishedVersion)
Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) (submittedVersion)
PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
Memoria digital de Canarias (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Hospitality and Tourism Education
Keywords: eTourism, information technology in tourism, tourism industry structure, research trends

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research

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