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Psychotherapy outcome research: Methods for reporting variability and evaluating clinical significance
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“A change of 6.39 on the Y-BOCS was considered reliable.”
From A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder (2010) · cites this paper as Jacobson, Follette, & Revenstorf, 1984
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Clinical Efficacy of the 5‐HT3 Antagonist Ondansetron in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence
Sellers, E. M., Toneatto, T., Romach, M. K., Somer, G. R., Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1994) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00054.x · Cited by 184
Interdisciplinary treatment for fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical and statistical significance.
Turk, D. C., Okifuji, A., Sinclair, J., & Starz, T. (1998) · Arthritis care and research : the official journal of the Arthritis Health Professions Association · doi:10.1002/art.1790110306 · Cited by 196
Wells, A., Welford, M., King, P., Papageorgiou, C., Wisely, J., & Mendel, E. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.013 · Cited by 195
Researcher allegiance and meta-analysis: The case of cognitive therapy for depression.
Gaffan, E. A., Tsaousis, I., & Kemp-Wheeler, S. M. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.6.966 · Cited by 194
Effects of coping-oriented couples therapy on depression: A randomized clinical trial.
Bodenmann, G., Plancherel, B., Beach, S. R. H., Widmer, K., Gabriel, B., Meuwly, N., Charvoz, L., Hautzinger, M., & Schramm, E. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013467 · Cited by 194
“…Jacobson et al. (1991, 1984), we operationalized recovery as (a) a posttest score of below 11 on the BDI according to German norms (Hautzinger et al., 1994) and (b) no longer meeting DSM–IV criteria for major depression or dysthymia at posttest (Jacobson et al., 1991, 1984; Jacobson & Truax, 1991).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCooley, E. A., & Yovanoff, P. (1996) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440299606200404 · Cited by 192
Body image and food consumption: Three laboratory studies of perceived calorie content
Thompson, J. K., Coovert, D. L., & Pasman, L. N. (1993) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(199312)14:4 · Cited by 30
Treatment of wife abuse: A comparison of gender-specific and conjoint approaches
O’Leary, K. D., Heyman, R. E., & Neidig, P. H. (1999) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(99)80021-5 · Cited by 182
A survival analysis of clinically significant change in outpatient psychotherapy.
Anderson, E. M., & Lambert, M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.1056 · Cited by 190
Durham, R. C., Murphy, T., Allan, T., Richard, K., Treliving, L. R., & Fenton, G. W. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.165.3.315 · Cited by 190
Customization of Pain Treatments: Single-Case Design and Analysis
Onghena, P., & Edgington, E. S. (2005) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200501000-00007 · Cited by 188
Wyrwich, K. W. (2004) · Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1081/bip-120028508 · Cited by 178
“…clinical psychology point to attaining a 1:96 or 2:77ð¼ 1:96 ffiffiffi2p Þ SEM threshold for classifying important improvements in abnormal individuals (Jacobson et al., 1984, 1986, 1999), while others in gerontology consistently advocate that 1 SEM is the crucial minimum threshold for…”
BackgroundDialectical behavior therapy (DBT) applied to college students: A randomized clinical trial.
Pistorello, J., Fruzzetti, A. E., MacLane, C., Gallop, R., & Iverson, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029096 · Cited by 240
COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL MARITAL THERAPY: 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP AND PREDICTION OF RELAPSE
Jacobson, N., Schmaling, K., & Holtzworth-Munroe, A. (1987) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1987.tb00696.x · Cited by 184
Self-citationEvaluating the effectiveness of family therapies: an integrative review and analysis.
Hazelrigg, M. D., Cooper, H., & Borduin, C. M. (1987) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.3.428 · Cited by 183
Operant behavioral treatment of fibromyalgia: a controlled study
Thieme, K., Gromnica‐Ihle, E., & Flor, H. (2003) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.11124 · Cited by 181
Cella, D. F., Bullinger, M., Scott, C., & Barofsky, I. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.4.384 · Cited by 183
A Community Mental Health Implementation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
Lyon, A. R., & Budd, K. (2010) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-010-9353-z · Cited by 177
Nietzel, M. T., Russell, R. L., Hemmings, K. A., & Gretter, M. L. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.2.156 · Cited by 174
Yeater, E. A., & O'Donohue, W. (1999) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00075-0 · Cited by 173
Concussion in contact sports: reliable change indices of impairment and recovery.
Hinton-Bayre, A., Geffen, G., Geffen, L., McFarland, K., & Friis, P. (1999) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.21.1.70.945 · Cited by 173
“It was first applied in the research area of marital counselling outcome (Jacobson et al., 1984; Hawley, 1995; Whisman, Jacobson, Fruzzetti, & Waltz, 1989), before it gained wider recognition in other areas of psychology.”
MethodTHE EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY: A PERSPECTIVE FROM META‐ANALYSIS
Shadish, W. R., Ragsdale, K., Glaser, R. R., & Montgomery, L. M. (1995) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00170.x · Cited by 161
Assessing clinical significance: Application to the beck depression inventory
Seggar, L. B., Lambert, M. J., & Hansen, N. B. (2002) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(02)80028-4 · Cited by 162
Härkäpää, K., Jarvikoski, A., Mellin, G., Hurri, H., & Luoma, J. (1991) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(91)90031-r · Cited by 172
Perdices, M., & Tate, R. L. (2009) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010903040691 · Cited by 170
“At its core, clinical significance refers not only to what Jensen (2001) calls symptom reduction (improvement in the dependent variable), but also to the practical value or importance of the effect of an intervention – that is, whether or not it makes any real difference to the patient or to others with whom the patie…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThompson, E. M., Destree, L., Albertella, L., & Fontenelle, L. F. (2021) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.002 · Cited by 177
Disabuse of the drug metaphor: psychotherapy process-outcome correlations.
Stiles, W. B., & Shapiro, D. A. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.5.942 · Cited by 168
Scientific Perspectives on Music Therapy
Hillecke, T., Nickel, A., & Bolay, H. V. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1360.020 · Cited by 167
An integrated method to determine meaningful changes in health-related quality of life
Crosby, R. D., Kolotkin, R. L., & Williams, G. R. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.04.004 · Cited by 166
Patient Personality and Time-limited Group Psychotherapy for Complicated Grief
Piper, W. E., McCallum, M., Joyce, A. S., Rosie, J. S., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2001) · International Journal of Group Psychotherapy · doi:10.1521/ijgp.51.4.525.51307 · Cited by 152
Assessing clinical significance of treatment outcomes using the DASS-21.
Ronk, F. R., Korman, J. R., Hooke, G. R., & Page, A. C. (2013) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0033100 · Cited by 165
One versus five sessions of exposure in the treatment of injection phobia
Öst, L.-G., Hellström, K., & Kåver, A. (1992) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80385-5 · Cited by 165
Effectiveness of the Self-Regulation Empowerment Program With Urban High School Students
Cleary, T., Platten, P., & Nelson, A. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Academics · doi:10.4219/jaa-2008-866 · Cited by 162
“One can interpret a RCI of 1.96 as a statistically significant difference at the p .05 level, whereas an RCI of 2.33 or greater is significant a p .01 level and may be viewed as having greater clinical significance ( Jacobson et al., 1984).”
BackgroundInfluentialUse of the Reliable Change Index to evaluate clinical significance in SF-36 outcomes
Ferguson, R. J., Robinson, A. B., & Splaine, M. E. (2002) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1016350431190 · Cited by 152
“Using a statistical method for determining clinical significance was proposed by Jacobson et al. [ 15 ] to help clarify equivocal outcomes of psychological treatment research.”
MethodLambert, M. J., & Ogles, B. M. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300902849483 · Cited by 177
“Jacobson et al. (1984) proposed ‘‘that a change in therapy is clinically significant when the client moves from the dysfunctional to the functional range during the course of therapy’’ (p.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialComparison of Four Operational Definitions of Premature Termination.
Hatchett, G. T., & Park, H. L. (2003) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.40.3.226 · Cited by 157
Outcomes and Methodological Issues Relating to Treatment of Antisocial Children
Patterson, G. R., Dishion, T. J., & Chamberlain, P. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2914-9_3 · Cited by 165
Wright, J. S., & Panksepp, J. (2012) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2012.10773683 · Cited by 172
Kromrey, J., & Foster-Johnson, L. (1996) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.1996.9943464 · Cited by 153
FAMILY THERAPY TREATMENT OUTCOMES FOR ALCOHOLISM
Edwards, M. E., & Steinglass, P. (1995) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00176.x · Cited by 153
Tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy and exercise training for high-risk patients with fibromyalgia
van Koulil, S., van Lankveld, W., Kraaimaat, F. W., van Helmond, T., Vedder, A., van Hoorn, H., Donders, R., de Jong, A. J. L., Haverman, J. F., Korff, K., et al. (2010) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.20268 · Cited by 152
“In addition, the reliable change index indicated a higher proportion of patients with clinically significant improvements on pain, fatigue, functional disability, anxiety, and negative mood scores in the TC relative to the WLC at posttreatment (Table 3) (8,35,36).”
BackgroundMethodOne-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias: A Detailed Description and Review of Treatment Efficacy
Zlomke, K. R., & Davis, T. E. (2008) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.07.003 · Cited by 178
The efficacy of psychoanalysis for children with disruptive disorders.
Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199401000-00007 · Cited by 151
Virtual reality therapy in social anxiety disorder
Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Meyerbröker, K., & Morina, N. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01156-1 · Cited by 150
Meta-analysis for single-case consultation outcomes: Applications to research and practice
Busse, R. T., Kratochwill, T. R., & Elliott, S. N. (1995) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-4405(95)00014-d · Cited by 94
An evaluation of tailored psychological treatment of insomnia
Espie, C. A., Brooks, D. N., & Lindsay, W. R. (1989) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(89)90047-5 · Cited by 147
Item Response Theory and the Measurement of Clinical Change
Reise, S., & Haviland, M. (2005) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa8403_02 · Cited by 149
“A popular method of assessing clinically significant change makes strong use of (sometimes single study-based) norms from pretreated (dysfunctional) and treated or functional groups (Jacobson et al., 1984; Jacobson & Truax, 1991).”
MethodA controlled comparative investigation of psychological treatments for chronic sleep-onset insomnia.
Espie, C. A., Lindsay, W. R., Brooks, D., Hood, E. M., & Turvey, T. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90123-x · Cited by 149
The treatment of hypochondriasis: exposure plus response prevention vs cognitive therapy.
Visser, S., & Bouman, T. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00022-x · Cited by 147
Sleep compression and sleep education for older insomniacs: self-help versus therapist guidance.
Riedel, B. W., Lichstein, K., & Dwyer, W. (1995) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.10.1.54 · Cited by 146
Gabel, C. P., Michener, L. A., Burkett, B. J., & Neller, A. (2006) · Journal of Hand Therapy · doi:10.1197/j.jht.2006.04.001 · Cited by 135
Toward a standard definition of clinically significant change
Jacobson, N., Follette, W., & Revenstorf, D. (1986) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(86)80061-2 · Cited by 145
Self-citationMuto, T., Hayes, S. C., & Jeffcoat, T. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.009 · Cited by 144
Interfaces that heal: coupling real and virtual objects to treat spider phobia
Hoffman, H. G., Garcia-Palacios, A., Carlin, A., Furness III, T. A., & Botella-Arbona, C. (2003) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327590ijhc1602_08 · Cited by 144
“After VR treatment, the fear of spiders scores were similar to the mean score of the general populations sample, suggesting a clinically significant improvement (see Jacobson et al., 1984 ).”
MethodResultInfluentialEvaluating Single-Case Research Data: A Comparison of Seven Statistical Methods
Parker, R. I., & Brossart, D. F. (2003) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(03)80013-8 · Cited by 144
Interpretive and supportive forms of psychotherapy and patient personality variables.
Piper, W., Mccallum, M., Joyce, A., Azim, H., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.67.2.267 · Cited by 144
Brosan, L., Hoppitt, L., Shelfer, L., Sillence, A., & Mackintosh, B. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.006 · Cited by 139
Changes in Relationship-Specific Attachment in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy.
Burgess-Moser, M., Johnson, S. M., Dalgleish, T. L., Lafontaine, M., Wiebe, S., & Tasca, G. (2016) · Journal of Marital & Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12139 · Cited by 143
Effect Sizes in Single Case Research: How Large is Large?
Parker, R. I., Brossart, D. F., Vannest, K. J., Long, J. R., De-Alba, R. G., Baugh, F. G., & Sullivan, J. R. (2005) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2005.12086279 · Cited by 122
Studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy. How well can clinical trials do the job?
Jacobson, N., & Christensen, A. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.10.1031 · Cited by 143
Self-citationAbramowitz, J. S. (1998) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80012-9 · Cited by 141
“Clearly, then, one area within this realm that requires attention is the assessment of clinical significance ( Jacobson, FoUette, & Revenstorf, 1984 ), the extent to which treatment meets the standards of efficacy desired by consumers, clinicians, and researchers alike.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLeijten, P. H. O., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., de Castro, B. O., van den Ban, E. F., & Matthys, W. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1038823 · Cited by 145
The WeeFIM instrument: its utility in detecting change in children with developmental disabilities.
Ottenbacher, K., Msall, M., Lyon, N., Duffy, L. C., Ziviani, J., Granger, C., Braun, S., & Feidler, R. C. (2000) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2000.9387 · Cited by 140
Applied tension, exposure in vivo, and tension-only in the treatment of blood phobia
Öst, L.-G., Fellenius, J., & Sterner, U. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90006-o · Cited by 138
Öst, L.-G., Alm, T., Brandberg, M., & Breitholtz, E. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00176-x · Cited by 138
Baucom, D., Sayers, S., & Sher, T. (1990) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.58.5.636 · Cited by 138
Rozental, A., Magnusson, K., Boettcher, J., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000158 · Cited by 137
“Jacobson, Follette, and Revenstorf (1984) were among the first to recognize these concerns, “There is no obvious counterpart to our distributional cutoff for clinical significance in the assessment of deterioration rates” (p. 350), suggesting that the investigation of deterioration is limited to…”
BackgroundHellström, K., & Öst, L.-G. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00028-v · Cited by 137
Bear, R., & Nietzel, M. T. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2004_9 · Cited by 137
The Best Kept Secret in Counseling: Single‐Case (N = 1) Experimental Designs
Lundervold, D., & Belwood, M. F. (2000) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02565.x · Cited by 137
de Haan, E., van Oppen, P., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K. A. L., & van Dyck, R. (1997) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09929.x · Cited by 136
“We here refer to a patient as a responder if the improvement is statistically and clinically relevant (25).”
BackgroundA meta-analysis of cognitive therapy for worry in generalized anxiety disorder
Hanrahan, F., Field, A. P., Jones, F. W., & Davey, G. C. L. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.008 · Cited by 159
Focused Tests of Significance and Effect Size Estimation in Counseling Psychology.
Rosnow, R., & Rosenthal, R. (1988) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.35.2.203 · Cited by 135
Creamer, P., Lethbridge‐Çejku, M., Costa, P. T., Tobin, J. D., Herbst, J. H., & Hochberg, M. C. (1999) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199902)12:1 · Cited by 110
Fernandez, M. A., Butler, A. M., & Eyberg, S. (2011) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2011.545011 · Cited by 132
“Next, the reliable change index (RCI: Jacobson, Follette, & Revenstorf, 1984 ) was calculated for each child to ensure that the degree of change exceeded the margin of measurement error.”
MethodNegative treatment outcomes of behavioral parent training programs
Assenany, A. E., & Mcintosh, D. (2002) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.10032 · Cited by 132
Measuring Psychotherapeutic Change with the Symptom Checklist SCL 90 R
Schauenburg, H., & Strack, M. (1999) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012333 · Cited by 125
“There are other commonly used measures (table 1 ) which can be divided into symptom-specific and more global inventories and which have to be supplemented with local non-English instruments in other countries. 1 Table 1. Measures for assessing change after psychotherapy T01 The collection of large samples now allows a…”
BackgroundMAASSEN, G. H. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704106097 · Cited by 130
“The Reliable Change Index most frequently applied in psychology research is the index proposed by Jacobson and Truax (1991), referred to as the JT index, or, for historical reasons, the classical approach.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPower, K., Simpson, R., Swanson, V., Wallace, L. A., Feistner, A. T. C., & Sharp, D. (1990) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(90)90026-6 · Cited by 166
Research-structured vs clinically flexible versions of social learning-based marital therapy.
Jacobson, N. S., Schmaling, K. B., Holtzworth-Munroe, A., Katt, J. L., Wood, L. F., & Follette, V. M. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90076-4 · Cited by 128
Self-citationPredicting Change in Marital Satisfaction Throughout Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy.
Dalgleish, T. L., Johnson, S. M., Burgess-Moser, M., Lafontaine, M., Wiebe, S., & Tasca, G. (2015) · Journal of Marital & Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12077 · Cited by 128
Hansen, N. B., & Lambert, M. (2003) · Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1023/a:1021751307358 · Cited by 127
“More recently, Anderson and Lambert (2001) replicated the Kadera et al. (1996) findings with a larger data sample, and used survival analysis (Singer & Willett, 1991) along with clinical significance methodology ( Jacobson et al., 1984 ) for a session-by-session analysis of change.”
MethodInfluentialWorksite stress management training: Moderated effects and clinical significance
Flaxman, P. E., & Bond, F. W. (2010) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020522 · Cited by 126
“We employed Jacobson and Truax’s (1991; see also Jacobson & Revenstorf, 1988; Jacobson et al., 1984) two statistical criteria to calculate the proportion of participants identified as cases at Time 1 who improved to a clinically significant degree.”
MethodMeasuring clinically meaningful change following mental health treatment
Eisen, S. V., Ranganathan, G., Seal, P., & Spiro, A. (2007) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1007/s11414-007-9066-2 · Cited by 126
“Second, because normative data for an untreated population are not available for BASIS-24, it was not possible to determine the proportion of individuals whose mental health status moved into the range of a Bnormal^ population.(24,25,41) Although three other mental health outcome measures were used to determine which…”
Kropmans, T. J. B., Dijkstra, P. U., Stegenga, B., Stewart, R., & de Bont, L. G. M. (1999) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345990780031101 · Cited by 126
Ferguson, M., Brandreth, M., Brassington, W., Leighton, P., & Wharrad, H. (2016) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000237 · Cited by 126
An evaluation of three brief programs for facilitating recovery after assault
Foa, E. B., Zoellner, L. A., & Feeny, N. C. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20096 · Cited by 128
“To further investigate symptom change, we computed recovery cut scores based on Jacobson and colleagues (Jacobson, Foa, & Morral, 1991; Jacobson, Follette, & Revenstorf, 1984; Jacobson & Truax, 1988), indicating the likelihood of an individual moving from a dysfunctional to a functional distribution.”
MethodResponder criteria for operant and cognitive-behavioral treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome.
Thieme, K., Turk, D., & Flor, H. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.22778 · Cited by 124
Applied relaxation vs progressive relaxation in the treatment of panic disorder
Öst, L. (1988) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(88)90029-0 · Cited by 163
Lengacher, C. A., Shelton, M. M., Reich, R. R., Barta, M. K., Johnson-Mallard, V., Moscoso, M. S., Paterson, C., Ramesar, S., Budhrani, P., Carranza, I., et al. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9473-6 · Cited by 117
“96 indicates reliable or clinically significant change (Jacobson et al., 1984).”
BackgroundTREATMENT OF MARITAL CONFLICT AND PREVENTION OF DIVORCE
Bray, J. H., & Jouriles, E. N. (1995) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1995.tb00175.x · Cited by 121
Treatment response and cognitive impairment in major depression: Association with C-reactive protein
Chang, H. H., Lee, I. H., Gean, P. W., Lee, S.-Y., Chi, M. H., Yang, Y. K., Lu, R.-B., & Chen, P. S. (2012) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.239 · Cited by 120
“To estimate the significance of the neuropsychological measurements after antidepressant treatment, the Reliable Change Indices (RCI) corrected for practice effects were assessed after confirming that all changes in scores between the two assessments were normally distributed (Jacobson et al., 1984).”
MethodThe role of psychological factors in chronic pain. II. A critical appraisal
Gamsa, A. (1994) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(94)90104-x · Cited by 118
Collie, A., Darby, D., Falleti, M., Silbert, B., & Maruff, P. (2002) · Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0003-4975(01)03375-6 · Cited by 118
“The generalizability of these prediction models were investigated in a later study by the same group [30], by applying them to serial cognitive data collected from a smaller, nonclinical sample (n 124), a group of patients with schizophrenia (n 69), a group of subjects recovering from traumatic brain injury (n 23), an…”
MethodRelaxation and cognitive-relaxation treatments of general anger.
Deffenbacher, J., & Stark, R. S. (1992) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.39.2.158 · Cited by 118
One versus five sessions of applied tension in the treatment of blood phobia
Hellström, K., Fellenius, J., & öst, L.-G. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00060-7 · Cited by 117
Two-year follow-up of bibliotherapy for depression in older adults
Scogin, F., Jamison, C., & Davis, N. (1990) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.58.5.665 · Cited by 117
Grubert, C., Hurlemann, R., Bewernick, B. H., Kayser, S., Hadrysiewicz, B., Axmacher, N., Sturm, V., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2011) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.583940 · Cited by 115
Bridging the gap between best evidence and best practice in mental health.
Newnham, E. A., & Page, A. C. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.004 · Cited by 114
Psychotherapy Outcome Research
Behar, E., & Borkovec, T. (2003) · Handbook of Psychology · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0209 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- Jacobson, N. S., Follette, W. C., & Revenstorf, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Jacobson, Neil S.
- ORCID
- Jacobson, Neil S.
- Venue
- Behavior Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1984-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 336-352
- ISSN
- 0005-7894 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086791094
- Cited by
- 1,294
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 19.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Therapy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Keywords
- psychotherapy outcome research, clinical significance, statistical significance, treatment response classification, statistical reliability, treatment outcome assessment
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