Cited by 1,142Bone health and osteoporosis researchElasticity and Material ModelingBone fractures and treatments

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Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue

Bayraktar, Harun H., Morgan, Elise F., Niebur, Glen L., Morris, Grayson E., Wong, Eric K., Keaveny, Tony M.·2004·Journal of Biomechanics

DOI 10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00257-4

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Abstract

The ability to determine trabecular bone tissue elastic and failure properties has biological and clinical importance. To date, trabecular tissue yield strains remain unknown due to experimental difficulties, and elastic moduli studies have reported controversial results. We hypothesized that the elastic and tensile and compressive yield properties of trabecular tissue are similar to those of cortical tissue. Effective tissue modulus and yield strains were calibrated for cadaveric human femoral neck specimens taken from 11 donors, using a combination of apparent-level mechanical testing and specimen-specific, high-resolution, nonlinear finite element modeling. The trabecular tissue properties were then compared to measured elastic modulus and tensile yield strain of human femoral diaphyseal cortical bone specimens obtained from a similar cohort of 34 donors. Cortical tissue properties were obtained by statistically eliminating the effects of vascular porosity. Results indicated that mean elastic modulus was 10% lower (p<0.05) for the trabecular tissue (18.0+/-2.8 GPa) than for the cortical tissue (19.9+/-1.8 GPa), and the 0.2% offset tensile yield strain was 15% lower for the trabecular tissue (0.62+/-0.04% vs. 0.73+/-0.05%, p<0.001). The tensile-compressive yield strength asymmetry for the trabecular tissue, 0.62 on average, was similar to values reported in the literature for cortical bone. We conclude that while the elastic modulus and yield strains for trabecular tissue are just slightly lower than those of cortical tissue, because of the cumulative effect of these differences, tissue strength is about 25% greater for cortical bone.

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“Very important information is the yield (ultimate) stress, and the maximal strain in a failure moment because, in practice, these parameters define bone strength [18].”
Background
A Bioinspired Orthopedic Biomaterial with Tunable Mechanical Properties Based on Sintered Titanium Fibers
Rüger, M., Seitz, A. M., Nuss, K. M. R., et al. (2022) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202202106 · Cited by 4
Influence of the biomechanical environment on the femoral stem insertion and vibrational behavior: a 3-D finite element study
Poudrel, A.-S., Nguyen, V., Rosi, G., et al. (2022) · Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology · doi:10.1007/s10237-022-01667-1 · Cited by 4
Optimal drilling at femoral head-neck junction for treatment of the femoral head necrosis: Experimental and numerical evaluation
Trần, T. N., Baltaci, Y., Winter, P., Tschernig, T., & Landgraeber, S. (2023) · Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger · doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152081 · Cited by 4
Ciclope: micro Computed Tomography to Finite Elements
Iori, G., Crimi, G., Schileo, E., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Open Source Software · doi:10.21105/joss.04952 · Cited by 4
Does a novel bridging collar in endoprosthetic replacement optimise the mechanical environment for osseointegration? A finite element study
Fraterrigo, G., Schileo, E., Simpson, D. J. W., Stevenson, J. D., Kendrick, B. J. L., & Taddei, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1120430 · Cited by 4
Design and biomechanical analysis of patient-specific porous tantalum prostheses for knee joint revision surgery
Mao, S., Liu, Y., Wang, F., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Bioprinting · doi:10.18063/ijb.735 · Cited by 4
“2% offset strain since the yield points were not clear[36].”
Compressive mechanical properties of dry antler cortical bone cylinders from different cervidae species
Picavet, P. P., Claeys, S., Rondia, E., & Balligand, M. H. (2024) · Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials/Journal of mechanical behavior of biomedical materials · doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106442 · Cited by 5
Sagittal support rather than medial cortical support matters in geriatric intertrochanteric fracture: A finite element analysis study
Liu, J., Ge, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28606 · Cited by 4
“Cortical and cancellous elastic modulus in osteoporotic bone would be lowered by 33% and 66%, respectively [26 – 29].”
Background
3-D finite element model of the impaction of a press-fitted femoral stem under various biomechanical environments
Poudrel, A.-S., Bouffandeau, A., Rosi, G., et al. (2024) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108405 · Cited by 4
Finite element modeling and injury criteria investigation for the lower leg of the Chinese human body under impact loads
Du, X., Zhao, X., Lei, J., et al. (2024) · Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters · doi:10.1016/j.taml.2024.100547 · Cited by 4
An in vitro study of glenoid implant peripheral peg interface mechanics during eccentric loading and lift‐off
Targosinski, J., Kusins, J. R., Athwal, G. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Orthopaedic Research® · doi:10.1002/jor.25976 · Cited by 4
Influence of Tibial Component Design Features and Interference Fit on Implant-Bone Micromotion in Total Ankle Replacement: A Finite Element Study
Clarke, G., Johnson, J. E., Netto, C. D. C., et al. (2024) · Foot & Ankle International · doi:10.1177/10711007241281294 · Cited by 4
Finite Element Analysis of the Influence that Bone Density and Implant Fixation Features have on Total Ankle Tibial Component Stability
Johnson, J. E., Clarke, G. A., Netto, C. D. C., et al. (2024) · Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics · doi:10.1177/24730114241308577 · Cited by 4
“Titanium alloy linear elastic material properties were assigned to implant geometries, while each bone element was assigned distinct isotropic, 26 nonlinear (elastic-plastic), 2,6,16 CT HU-specific 21 material properties (Figure 3).”
Biomechanical analysis of maxillary posterior three unit bridge supported misial straight implant and distal tilted implant
Liu, G., Deng, S., Chen, X., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1546656 · Cited by 4
Properties of zirconia-doped hydroxyapatite ceramics prepared by vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing technology and microwave sintering
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Dynamic Properties of Cortical Bone Tissue: Impact Tests and Numerical Study
Abdelwahab, A. A., & Silberschmidt, V. V. (2011) · Applied Mechanics and Materials · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.387 · Cited by 4
Creep Simulation of a Micro-CT Based Finite Element Model of Porcine Cancellous Bone
Ertas, A. H., Sindelar, B. J., & Cotton, J. R. (2011) · ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference (SBC) · doi:10.1115/sbc2011-53320 · Cited by 4
“This has been demonstrated for elastic modulus [5] and yield stress [6].”
Finite element modeling to estimate the apparent material properties of trabecular bone
Park, S., Chae, S., Park, J. S., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s12541-013-0199-3 · Cited by 4
COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF TRABECULAR BONE RELATED TO MICROCT EVALUATED MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Perilli, E., Baleani, M., Raatjes, W., Baruffaldi, F., Cappello, A., & Toni, A. (2005) · Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1142/s0219519405001473 · Cited by 4
Biomaterials: Joints and problems of contact interfaces
Rakin, M., & Sedmak, A. (2006) · TechnoRep (University of Belgrade – Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) · Cited by 4
Assessing the Mechanical Weakness of Vertebrae Affected by Primary Tumors: A Feasibility Study
Palanca, M., Cristofolini, L., Gasbarrini, A., Tedesco, G., & Bròdano, G. B. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13153256 · Cited by 4
“Indeed, the specimens were tested with loads lower than the ones associated with typical physiological activities but an alarming strain distribution with strain peaks over the typical failure limit (circa 6-fold the typical tensile fracture strain and twice the typical compressive fracture strain, which are 7000 micr…”
BackgroundInfluential
Drill holes decrease cancellous bone strength: A comparative study of 33 paired osteoporotic human and 9 paired artificial bone samples
Ceynowa, M., Żerdzicki, K., Kłosowski, P., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241143 · Cited by 4
“In our study, we used a compression test, as was used in testing femoral head cancellous bone samples [9, 17, 25], as the best possible approximation of the forces acting on the cancellous bone in this region.”
BackgroundMethod
Both Phosphonic Acid- and Fluorine-Containing Poly(aryl ether)–hydroxyapatite Biocomposites: Toward Enhanced Biocompatibility and Bonelike Elastic Modulus
Jiang, X., Yao, Y., Tang, W., et al. (2020) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c01254 · Cited by 4
Skeletal Muscle Mechanics from Hill-Based Muscle Model to Computer Applications: State of the Art Review
Dereshgi, H. A., Serbest, K., Şahin, S. N., et al. (2021) · Journal of Smart Systems Research · Cited by 4
A Computational Approximation to Model Variation in Cancellous Bone Screw Pull-Out
Piper, A., & Brown, C. (2016) · Journal of Medical Devices · doi:10.1115/1.4032868 · Cited by 4
THE EFFECT OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CURRENT REDUCTION ON PROXIMAL FEMUR SUBJECT-SPECIFIC FINITE ELEMENT MODELS
Falcinelli, C., Schileo, E., Baruffaldi, F., Cristofolini, L., & Taddei, F. (2016) · Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1142/s0219519417500129 · Cited by 4
Metodología para el diseño computacional de andamios a ser utilizados en reparación ósea
Reboledo-Grau, D., & Martínez, G. (2020) · Revista UIS Ingenierías · doi:10.18273/revuin.v19n4-2020025 · Cited by 4
Separate and Combined Effects of Geometrical and Mechanical Properties Changes Due to Aging on the Femoral Strength in Men and Women
Sahandifar, P., & Kleiven, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3389/fmech.2021.691171 · Cited by 4
“A similar approach of CT-based models could be used to assign heterogeneous mechanical properties to the cortical and trabecular bones using bone mineral density or porosity (Bayraktar et al., 2004; Hansen et al., 2008; Ariza et al., 2015; Grassi et al., 2016; Enns-Bray et al., 2018).”
MethodResult
Computational modeling of bone and bone remodeling
Gong, H., Wang, L., Zhang, M., & Fan, Y. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9780857096739.2.244 · Cited by 4
Spatial patterning of bone stiffness in the anterior mandibular corpus of M acaca fascicularis: Implications for models of bone adaptation
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Influence of the specimen scan condition on the finite element voxel model of human vertebral cancellous bone
Lü, Y. (2014) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering Imaging & Visualization · doi:10.1080/21681163.2014.947385 · Cited by 4
“The bone tissue was modelled as a bilinear elastic plastic material (Bayraktar et al. 2004).”
Background
Determination of a tissue-level failure evaluation standard for rat femoral cortical bone utilizing a hybrid computational–experimental method
Fan, R., Liu, J., Liu, J., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine · doi:10.1177/0954411917743275 · Cited by 4
Avaliação da resistência e módulo de elasticidade de osso mineralizado e desmineralizado pelos testes de microtração
Sanada, J. T. (2007) · doi:10.11606/d.25.2007.tde-19062007-133051 · Cited by 4

Authors: Bayraktar, H. H., Morgan, E. F., Niebur, G. L., Morris, G. E., Wong, E. K., & Keaveny, T. M.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
University of Notre Dame (US)
Corresponding author: Bayraktar, Harun H.
ORCID: Morgan, Elise F.
Niebur, Glen L.
Keaveny, Tony M.
Venue: Journal of Biomechanics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-35
ISSN: 0021-9290 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00257-4
OpenAlex: W2089968363
Cited by: 1,142
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 60 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 49
FWCI: 13.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Biomechanics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
University of California, San Francisco
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR-43784, R01AR043784, AR41481)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Elasticity and Material Modeling
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone fractures and treatments
Keywords: trabecular bone, cortical bone, femoral neck, elastic modulus, yield strain, tensile yield strength, compressive yield strength, finite element analysis
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cadaver, Computer Simulation, Elasticity, Femur Head, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Sensitivity and Specificity, Statistics as Topic, Stress, Mechanical, Tensile Strength, Reproducibility of Results, Weight-Bearing, Compressive Strength, In Vitro Techniques

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Comparison of the elastic and yield properties of human femoral trabecular and cortical bone tissue

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