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Cited by 195Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnimal Behavior and Welfare StudiesPrimate Behavior and Ecology

Social Behavior and Social Motivation in Adolescent Rats

Varlinskaya, Elena I, Spear, Linda P, Spear, Norman E·1999·Physiology & Behavior
DOI 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00285-6
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Abstract

The present study investigated 1) the effects of individual and grouped housing on social investigation, social contact behavior, and play behavior in adolescent rats tested with low socially active (grouped) and high socially active (isolated) play partners; and 2) the effects of long-term (8 days) and short-term (24 h) isolation on social behavioral manifestations and social motivation in terms of preference or avoidance of play partners. Social isolation of adolescent rats activated play behavior and social behaviors different from play, but play was predominantly affected under the conditions of this study. Long-term isolation was more effective than short-term, and resulted in greater manifestation of play and social preference. Adolescent rats were able to modify their social behaviors in response to social activity of the play partner: in isolated animals exposed to low socially active group-housed partners, play behavior was transformed into social activities unrelated to play; exposure of group-housed adolescents to high socially active previously isolated partners resulted in an increase of play behavior. Testing that allowed avoidance of social contacts revealed a dissociation between manifestations of play behavior and social motivation: group-housed play partners of isolated animals showed elevated levels of play behavior but a tendency to avoid their isolated pairmates.

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  • Numerous studies have identified environmental factors that influence rat social behavior, including the length of social isolation preceding the test, familiarity with the testing environment and properties of the testing environment, including cage size, lighting, bedding.

    “Numerous studies have identified environmental factors that influence rat social behavior, including the length of social isolation preceding the test, familiarity with the testing environment and properties of the testing environment, including cage size, lighting, bedding [74–77].”

    From Behavioral Phenotyping of Juvenile Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley Rats: Implications for Preclinical Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2016) · cites this paper as [77]

  • If two individuals have similar motivation to play they are both more likely to perform high levels of play, while individuals with divergent motivation to play could result in the less motivated animal not necessarily participating in play, but rather avoiding it if given the possibility to do so.

    “it has been suggested that if two individuals have similar motivation to play they are both more likely to perform high levels of play, while individuals with divergent motivation to play could result in the less motivated animal not necessarily participating in play, but rather avoiding it if given the possibility to do so (Douglas et al., 2004;Varlinskaya et al., 1999;Vanderschuren, 2010).”

    From Play in Rats: Association across Contexts and Types, and Analysis of Structure (2014) · cites this paper as Varlinskaya et al., 1999

  • Single-housing or reducing the number of animals kept in one cage can be a major stressor for rats; after such isolation they display increased motivation to engage in social behaviors.

    “Importantly, single-housing or even reducing the number of animals kept in one cage, can be a major stressor for the rats [59][60][61] (but see Reference 62); after such period of isolation they display increased motivation to engage in social behaviors.63”

    From Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice (2019) · cites this paper as [63]

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Authors
Varlinskaya, E. I., Spear, L. P., & Spear, N. E.
Affiliations
Binghamton University (US)
Corresponding author
Varlinskaya, Elena I
ORCID
Venue
Physiology & Behavior
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1999-10
Volume
67
Issue
4
Pages
475-482
ISSN
0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00285-6
OpenAlex
W2246321157
Cited by
194
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
FWCI
5.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (5RO1AA10223, R01AA010223)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords
social motivation, adolescent rats, social isolation, social investigation, play behavior, group housing, social preferences, social avoidance
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Female, Male, Motivation, Play and Playthings, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Social Isolation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats

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