The DOI matches its Crossref record; 167 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
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“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
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“Although accumulated research supports this idea (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran, 2002; Sutton, 1998), there is also contrary evidence that gives credence to the proverb that ‘‘the road to hell is paved with good intentions’’ (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
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Sorted by citations
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Büttner, O. B., Florack, A., & Serfas, B. G. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Policy · doi:10.1007/s10603-013-9250-0 · Cited by 38
“2003) or by situational cues (Fitzsimons and Finkel 2010; Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialGollwitzer, P. M., & Keller, L. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1141-1 · Cited by 38
“…of getting started on time and staying on track (see research on specific if-then plans, so-called implementation intentions; e.g., Gollwitzer 1999; Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006; and their combination with another self-regulatory strategy, so-called mental contrasting; e.g., Oettingen 2012;…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHarrison, C., Gameiro, S., & Boivin, J. (2021) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deab040 · Cited by 38
“Planning in this way (implementation intentions) is effective in a range of situations to shield intentions from unwanted influences, bolster intentions and translate intentions into behaviour (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
The Willpower Paradox: Possible and Impossible Conceptions of Self-Control
Goschke, T., & Job, V. (2023) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916221146158 · Cited by 53
“…the realization of intentions in laboratory tasks and supports goal striving in the face of real-life tempta-tions, as indicated, for instance, by the promotion of healthy behavior and reduced procrastination in academic contexts (for reviews, see Bieleke et al., 2021; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundChen, F., Chen, Q., Hou, J., & Li, S. (2023) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106867 · Cited by 38
Generative artificial intelligence–mediated confirmation bias in health information seeking
Lopez‐Lopez, E., Abels, C. M., Holford, D., Herzog, S. M., & Lewandowsky, S. (2025) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.15413 · Cited by 38
Springvloet, L., Lechner, L., & Oenema, A. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-47 · Cited by 41
“Once the goal is set, participants can formulate an action plan on how to reach their goal, in the form of implementation intentions, which are if-then plans that specify both the behavior that one will perform in the service of goal achievement and the situational context in which one will act [58], for example: ‘If…”
BackgroundMethodPsychological Interventions for Chronic Pain: Reviewed within the Context of Goal Pursuit
Schrooten, M. G. S., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Morley, S. (2012) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt.12.2 · Cited by 40
The formation of specific action plans can enhance sun protection behavior in motivated parents
van Osch, L., Reubsaet, A., Lechner, L., & de Vries, H. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.025 · Cited by 43
“Our results show that implementation intentions facilitate sunscreen use inmotivated parents and thereby add further support to the growing body of evidence that the formation of implementation intentions can be effective in facilitating behavioral enactment (Gollwitzer and Brandstätter, 1997; Brandstätter et al., 200…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialArden, M. A., & Armitage, C. J. (2008) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910707x249589 · Cited by 38
“More generally, implementation intentions have again been shown to be a useful way by which people’s motivation to engage in health behaviour can be translated into action (cf. Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Bell, B. T., Toth, N., Little, L., & Smith, M. (2015) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916515583550 · Cited by 38
“…intentions take the form of an “if-then” plan, wherein individuals create a link within their memory between a critical situation (“if . . .”) and a behavioral response (“. . . then . . .”) that is congruent with their overarching behavior change goal (Armitage, 2006; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLee, H.-M., Jin, Y., & Shin, H. S. (2018) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.1851 · Cited by 38
Peyton, T., Zigarmi, D., & Fowler, S. N. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02620 · Cited by 59
Mutter, E. R., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2019) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2019.1634200 · Cited by 38
“In the second phase of MCII, one formulates an II—an if-then plan to specify an appropriate response to perform in response to encountering an inner obstacle (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Hagger & Luszczynska, 2014; Marquardt, Oettingen, Gollwitzer, Sheeran, & Liepert, 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationChanging Behavior: A Theory- and Evidence-Based Approach
Hagger, M. S., Cameron, L. D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N. E., & Lintunen, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.001 · Cited by 47
Trying to be happier really can work: Two experimental studies
Ferguson, Y. L., & Sheldon, K. M. (2012) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.747000 · Cited by 48
“Forming intentions and goals are necessary to direct individuals’ attention and effort towards the target outcome (Gollwitzer, 1993, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundPayne, N., Jones, F. A., & Harris, P. R. (2010) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440903337622 · Cited by 38
“According to a number of meta-analyses (e.g. Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), participants who form implementation intentions are significantly more likely to carry out a variety of behaviours, including exercise (e.g. Milne, Orbell, & Sheeran, 2002; Prestwich, Lawton, & Conner, 2003).”
BackgroundIt's what's inside that counts: The role of counterfactual content in intention formation
Smallman, R. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.05.004 · Cited by 44
“Don׳t” versus “Won׳t”: Principles, mechanisms, and intention in action inhibition
Ridderinkhof, K. R., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., & Braß, M. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.005 · Cited by 43
“In the terminology of research on intentional action one could define this sort of experimental paradigm as a kind of implementation intention (cf. Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) or prepared reflex (Hommel, 2000); the intention to stop is, as it were, delegated to a stop or nogo signal.”
Butterfield, L. C., Cimino, C. R., Salazar, R., Sanchez-Ramos, J., Bowers, D., & Okun, M. S. (2017) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988716673467 · Cited by 38
Digital Strategies for Screen Time Reduction: A Randomized Field Experiment
Zimmermann, L., & Sobolev, M. (2023) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2022.0027 · Cited by 37
von Wagner, C., Good, A., Smith, S. G., & Wardle, J. (2011) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00675.x · Cited by 37
Lane, A. M., Totterdell, P., Macdonald, I. A., Devonport, T. J., Friesen, A. P., Beedie, C., Stanley, D. M., & Nevill, A. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00413 · Cited by 37
“Implementation intentions (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006) present a psychological skill commonly used in health-behavior change contexts that is increasingly used in competitive contexts (Achtziger et al., 2008).”
BackgroundReinwand, D. A., Crutzen, R., Storm, V., Wienert, J., Kuhlmann, T., de Vries, H., & Lippke, S. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2975-3 · Cited by 35
“The quality of APs can be described in terms of instrumentality and specificity [29].”
BackgroundGalvin, R., & Sunikka, M. M. (2016) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.021 · Cited by 37
Cheval, B., Sarrazin, P. G., Boisgontier, M. P., & Radel, R. (2017) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.02.006 · Cited by 40
“Implemented intentions have shown to build strong associations between the cue and the specified response (Webb& Sheeran, 2007, 2008), thereby enabling individuals to control their behaviors in an efficient and automatic manner (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006, for a review).”
BackgroundOn the Behavioral Side of Procrastination: Exploring Behavioral Delay in Real-Life Settings
Svartdal, F., Granmo, S., & Færevaag, F. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00746 · Cited by 45
Get Gamification of MOOC right!
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Evidence That a Very Brief Psychological Intervention Boosts Weight Loss in a Weight Loss Program
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“The idea is that when the temptation to eat at a party is encountered, the appropriate response (“trying hard” in this example) is triggered automatically (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
InfluentialReed, V. A., Schifferdecker, K. E., & Turco, M. G. (2012) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1002/chp.21158 · Cited by 40
Control of impulsive emotional behaviour through implementation intentions
Eder, A. B. (2010) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.527493 · Cited by 44
“An effective means to modify responses to situational cues is to furnish goals with implementation intentions that additionally specify when, where, and how to pursue a goal (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundThe role of the diet in tooth wear
O'Toole, S., & Mullan, F. (2018) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.127 · Cited by 37
“Furthermore, there is a gap in receiving advice and adherence to advice across all health disciplines with actual behaviour change being notoriously difficult to achieve [52].”
BackgroundIf–then planning modulates the P300 in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Paul, I., Gawrilow, C., Zech, F., Gollwitzer, P. M., Rockstroh, B. S., Odenthal, G., Kratzer, W., & Wienbruch, C. (2007) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3280bef966 · Cited by 37
“Implementation intentions have proven to be an effective self-regulatory tool in various domains [14].”
BackgroundSelf-citationWhich Strategies Best Enhance Teaching and Learning in Higher Education?
Hattie, J. (2011) · Empirical Research in Teaching and Learning · doi:10.1002/9781444395341.ch8 · Cited by 37
Brata, C., Marjadi, B., Schneider, C. R., Murray, K., & Clifford, R. M. (2015) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-014-0670-6 · Cited by 36
“The second view to explain the discrepancy between reported and actual practice is a phenomenon where intention does not always translate into action [30,31].”
BackgroundKognitive Kontrolle und Selbstregulation bei Kindern mit ADHS
Gawrilow, C., Schmitt, K. D., & Rauch, W. A. (2010) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000039 · Cited by 38
“Eine besonders effektive Form von Plänen sind Wenn-Dann-Pläne (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialAre daily fluctuations in perceived environment associated with walking?
Hekler, E. B., Buman, M. P., Ahn, D. K., Dunton, G. F., Atienza, A. A., & King, A. C. (2012) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.645213 · Cited by 36
“The importance of implementation intentions for carrying out health behaviours, including exercise, has been well documented in previous research (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
Motivation and goal attainment. The role of compensatory beliefs
Miquelon, P., Knaüper, B., & Vallerand, R. J. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.025 · Cited by 36
“Indeed, past research has shown that the correlation between intentions and behavior is often low, due to obstacles that hinder translation of the intention into action (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Johnston, Johnston, Pollard, Kinmonth, & Mant, 2004; Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
BackgroundAutomatic risk behavior: Direct effects of binge drinker stereotypes on drinking behavior.
Rivis, A., & Sheeran, P. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029859 · Cited by 36
Self-citationMediating Mechanisms in a Physical Activity Intervention: A Test of Habit Formation
Kaushal, N., Rhodes, R. E., Meldrum, J. T., & Spence, J. C. (2018) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2017-0307 · Cited by 40
Carrera, M., Royer, H., Stehr, M. F., Sydnor, J., & Taubinsky, D. (2018) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.09.002 · Cited by 39
Jonathan, G., Dopke, C. A., Michaels, T., Bank, A., Martin, C. R., Adhikari, K., Krakauer, R. L., Ryan, C., McBride, A., Babington, P., et al. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/20424 · Cited by 39
The Psychology of Lifestyle: Promoting Healthy Behaviour
Thirlaway, K., & Upton, D. (2009) · University of Canberra Research Portal · Cited by 38
Armitage, C. J. (2015) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv054 · Cited by 37
Differential Effects of Various Types of Implementation Intentions on the Regulation of Disgust
Gallo, I. S., McCulloch, K. C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2012) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2012.30.1.1 · Cited by 38
“Although implementation intentions have been shown to be a powerful selfregulatory tool (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), few studies have analyzed their effectiveness on modulating emotional responses.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIntentions to Maintain Adherence to Mammography
O’Neill, S. C., Bowling, J. M., Brewer, N. T., Lipkus, I. M., Skinner, C. S., Strigo, T. S., & Rimer, B. K. (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2007.0600 · Cited by 36
“19 Implementation Implementation intentions build on the idea of assessing a specific behavioral goal by breaking the behavior into specific actions toward fulfillment of the goal.”
Implementation intentions: control of fear despite cognitive load.
Gallo, I. S., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 36
Self-citationFollowing Through on Good Intentions: The Power of Planning Prompts
Milkman, K. L., Beshears, J. L., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., & Madrian, B. C. (2012) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w17995 · Cited by 36
Veilleux, J. C. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026221118327 · Cited by 44
“…self-efficacy for future distress encounters (Thompson et al., 2013), particularly when combined with other types of evidencebased self-efficacy interventions that help clients engage in goal setting, use implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), and plan for navigating barriers.”
BackgroundOettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.685 · Cited by 35
“…opportunities and appropriate goal-directed actions in advance, these plans help individuals overcome many common challenges to successful goal attainment in various life domains such as achievement, interpersonal relations, and health (summaries by Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMorgan, J. I., & Harris, P. R. (2015) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1004665 · Cited by 34
“Implementation intentions are specific kinds of if-then plans that work by encouraging people to link in memory-critical situations with appropriate behavioral responses, and which have been used with some success to change health behaviors (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Effect of Implementation Intentions to Change Behaviour: Moderation by Intention Stability
Godin, G., Bélanger‐Gravel, A., Amireault, S., Gallani, M. C. B. J., Vohl, M., & Përusse, L. (2010) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.106.1.147-159 · Cited by 35
“�I�������������fi������r���r�,����r���r�� �����������r���r����������������v������������� ��������������������������� various health-related behaviours (Sheeran, 2002; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006�).”
Keller, J., Gellert, P. R., Knoll, N., Schneider, M., & Ernsting, A. (2016) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12073 · Cited by 35
“This phenomenon is known as the “intention–behaviour gap” (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) and is considered in social-cognitive models on health behaviour change such as the health action process approach (HAPA; Schwarzer, 2008).”
BackgroundSimmen‐Janevska, K., Forstmeier, S., Krammer, S., & Maercker, A. R. A. (2015) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00174 · Cited by 35
“Notwithstanding, self-efficacy, as the belief in one’s own ability to succeed in specific situations (Bandura, 1997), must be high for strong goal commitment, and furthermore, self-regulatory processes (e.g., self-control) are necessary to implement the chosen goal (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundCerrada, C. J., Dzubur, E., Blackman, K. C. A., Mays, V. M., SHOPTAW, S. J., & Huh, J. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9628-x · Cited by 35
“, give cigarette pack to non-smoking friend), thereby creating a strong mental link between situation and intention [31].”
BackgroundInfluentialHaug, S., Castro, R. P., Kowatsch, T., Filler, A., & Schaub, M. P. (2017) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.09.008 · Cited by 34
“Additionally, elements borrowed from the Social Norms Approach (Perkins, 2003) were integrated into the person’s current intervention, as were so called ‘if this-then that’ plans, which link situational cues with responses that effectively achieve desired outcomes (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundHorsch, A., Gilbert, L., Lanzi, S., Gross, J., Kayser, B., Vial, Y., Siméoni, U., Hans, D. B., Berney, A., Scholz, U., et al. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020462 · Cited by 37
Daily Routine: Associations With Health Status and Urgent Health Care Utilization Among Older Adults
O’Conor, R. M., Benavente, J. Y., Kwasny, M., Eldeirawi, K. M., Hasnain‐Wynia, R., Federman, A. D., Hebert‐Beirne, J., & Wolf, M. S. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny117 · Cited by 35
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Mindset Theory of Action Phases and If-Then Planning
Keller, L., Bieleke, M., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13788-5_2 · Cited by 36
“Such plans have been shown to increase goal-attainment rates (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) even among individuals that usually suffer from impaired self-regulation (e.g., children with ADHD; Gawrilow & Gollwitzer, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationDeng, S., Tong, J., Lin, Y., Li, H., & Yong, L. (2019) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2019.102082 · Cited by 37
Changing Behavior Using Integrated Theories
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Information overload for (bounded) rational agents
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“Also, decision biases might be avoidable with the adoption of behavioural rules [32]; it is known that emotions can be monitored and their impact on behaviour limited [33], etc.”
BackgroundSkår, S., Sniehotta, F. F., Araújo‐Soares, V., & Molloy, G. J. (2008) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00346.x · Cited by 35
“planning (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Sniehotta, Schwarzer, Scholz & Schuz, 2005;”
Miller, J. G., Sheeran, P., Slade, P., Wright, A., & Dibble, T. (2009) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016200 · Cited by 35
Self-citationMari, S., Tiozzo, B., Capozza, D., & Ravarotto, L. (2011) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.028 · Cited by 35
Tapper, K., Jiga‐Boy, G. M., Maio, G. R., Haddock, G., & Lewis, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3534 · Cited by 36
“This interpretation is consistent with other research showing implementation intentions to be less effective among individuals who are already good at action planning [78].”
Lourenço, L. B. D. A., Rodrigues, R. C. M., Ciol, M. A., São‐João, T. M., Cornélio, M. E., Dantas, R. A. S., & Gallani, M. C. B. J. (2013) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12323 · Cited by 36
Carraro, N., & Gaudreau, P. (2011) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00795.x · Cited by 41
When weight management lasts. Lower perceived rule complexity increases adherence
Mata, J., Todd, P. M., & Lippke, S. (2009) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.004 · Cited by 35
“Numerous studies have shown that adherence to changes in eating behavior is predicted by social-cognitive factors, such as self-efficacy, intention, and planning (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Kremers, De Bruijn, Schaalma, & Brug, 2004; Luszczynska, Sobczyk, & Abraham, 2007; Schwarzer et al., 2007), and by previou…”
Endrejat, P. C., Klonek, F. E., & Kauffeld, S. (2015) · Indoor and Built Environment · doi:10.1177/1420326x15598820 · Cited by 34
A theory-based online health behavior intervention for new university students: study protocol
Epton, T., Norman, P., Sheeran, P., Harris, P. R., Webb, T. L., Ciravegna, F., Brennan, A., Meier, P., Julious, S. A., Naughton, D., et al. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-107 · Cited by 34
“Third, the intervention incorporates three complementary behavior change techniques, each of which has a strong theory and evidence base; namely, (i) self-affirmation [15], (ii) theory-based messages [16], and (iii) implementation intentions [17].”
BackgroundSelf-citationInnovative Schulungskonzepte in der medizinischen Rehabilitation
Faller, H., Reusch, A., & Meng, K. (2011) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-011-1237-x · Cited by 34
Asking “why” helps action control by goals but not plans
Wieber, F., Sezer, L. A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2013) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-013-9364-3 · Cited by 34
“Implementation intentions have been observed to mitigate the effects of typical goal-striving problems, such as failing to initiate action, losing focus, not calling a halt to futile striving, and over-extending oneself (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPengchit, W., Walters, S. T., Simmons, R. G., Kohlmann, W. K., Burt, R. W., Schwartz, M. D., & Kinney, A. Y. (2011) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105311402408 · Cited by 34
“…intervene directly on each construct at an individual level, increasing chances for success in promoting behavioural change (Noar et al., 2007), while implementation intentions help increase the chance for translating intent to get a colonoscopy into actual behaviour (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundJessop, D. C., SPARKS, P. B., Buckland, N. J., Harris, P. R., & Churchill, S. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9536-0 · Cited by 38
Saddawi‐Konefka, D., Schumacher, D. J., Baker, K. H., Charnin, J. E., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2016) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000001172 · Cited by 37
Self-citationHamilton, K., Peden, A. E., Smith, S. R., & Hagger, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Safety Research · doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.006 · Cited by 35
“25 26 Planning may also include the anticipation of barriers and the generation of alternative behaviors to overcome those, thus protecting individuals’ good intentions from anticipated obstacles via a distraction-inhibiting strategy.”
Group work and student procrastination
Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2022) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102117 · Cited by 34
Predicting blood donation maintenance: the importance of planning future donations
van Dongen, A., Ruiter, R. A. C., Abraham, C., & Veldhuizen, I. J. T. (2013) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/trf.12397 · Cited by 34
“Planning interventions, including making if-then plans, have been found to increase people’s enactment of their intentions.(33) Future studies could contribute to reduced withdrawal of blood donors by focusing on the design and evaluation of easy-to-use-in-practice methods of helping motivated donors prioritize donati…”
BackgroundMotivation and goal orientation in vulnerability to depression
Vergara, C., & Roberts, J. E. (2011) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2010.542743 · Cited by 34
“On the other hand, implementation intentions (ie, if–then plans) are self-regulatory strategies that specify the when, where, and how of goal-directed responses for successful accomplishment of a goal (Gollwitzer, 1999 ), and a meta-analysis found that they improve goal attainment (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundRelationships among properties of college students’ self-set academic goals and academic achievement
Acee, T. W., Cho, Y., Kim, J.-I., & Weinstein, C. E. (2012) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2012.712795 · Cited by 40
“This result is consistent with findings from previous research on goal specificity (Locke & Latham, 1990, 2002) and implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMatching Contributions and Savings Outcomes: A Behavioral Economics Perspective
Madrian, B. C. (2012) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w18220 · Cited by 33
Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., Deubel, A., Braun, L.-M., & Kißmer, T. (2023) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102665 · Cited by 53
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Furber, G., Woodyatt, L., Howard, A., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648678 · Cited by 33
Joo, K., Kim, J. S., & Hwang, J. (2024) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2024.2318429 · Cited by 37
“Additionally, researchers suggested that the strength and accessibility of an individual’s goals can impact their likelihood of pursuing and achieving those goals (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundHaddoud, M. Y., Nowiński, W., Laouiti, R., & Onjewu, A.-K. E. (2024) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100982 · Cited by 42
Burkard, C., Rochat, L., Juillerat Van der Linden, A.-C., Gold, G., & Van der Linden, M. (2014) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.01.004 · Cited by 36
“…of II has been shown to be effective in improving prospective memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform an intended action at the appropriate moment), inhibition (of a prepotent response or of distractors), and, more generally, goaldirected behaviors (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundDisease Management Interventions II: What Else Is in the Black Box?
Linden, A., Butterworth, S. W., & Roberts, N. E. (2006) · Disease Management · doi:10.1089/dis.2006.9.73 · Cited by 33
“6 11 In a meta-analysis of effects and processes of implementation intentions and goal achievement, Gollwitzer et al 6 found that detailed planning had a positive effect on attaining desired outcomes.”
Williams, V., Deane, F. P., Oades, L. G., Crowe, T. P., Ciarrochi, J., & Andresen, R. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0363-5 · Cited by 33
“Values have been identified as important predictors of behaviour [38, 39], whilst implementation plans have been highlighted as key to goal attainment [40].”
BackgroundSelf-Regulatory Processes in the Appraisal of Moral Courage Situations
Brandstätter, V., Jonas, K. J., Koletzko, S. H., & Fischer, P. A. (2016) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000274 · Cited by 32
From intention to entrepreneurial action
Oliveira, A., & Rua, O. L. (2018) · RAUSP Management Journal · doi:10.1108/rausp-07-2018-0039 · Cited by 40
“This apparent conflict does not exist if the action is deliberately postponed, if new restrictions arise, or if individual preferences change (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundO’Donnell, R., Richardson, B., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., & Staiger, P. K. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-019-09789-0 · Cited by 34
Slade, P., West, H., Thomson, G., Lane, S., Spiby, H., Edwards, R., Charles, J., Garrett, C., Flanagan, B., Treadwell, M., et al. (2020) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16163 · Cited by 33
Can Simple Psychological Interventions Increase Preventive Health Investment?
John, A., & Orkin, K. (2021) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvab052 · Cited by 32
Cook, G. I., Rummel, J., & Dummel, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00278 · Cited by 33
“Implementation intentions benefit goal-striving behavior (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006), but the underlying cognitive mechanisms for explaining the benefit have only recently been better understood.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
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