The DOI matches its Crossref record; 167 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
Open accessOverview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
Cites
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,451
(1964) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,439
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour: A meta‐analytic review
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466601164939 · Cited by 9,970 · cited 1×
“Although accumulated research supports this idea (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran, 2002; Sutton, 1998), there is also contrary evidence that gives credence to the proverb that ‘‘the road to hell is paved with good intentions’’ (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
ResultCohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
(1999) · Cited by 6,308
Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267 · Cited by 5,955
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gollwitzer, 1990, Action phases and mindsets, Vol. 2, 53
- Mischel, 1978, Effective plans for self‐control in children, Vol. 11, 199
- Shah, 2003, Goal systems theory: Integrating the cognitive and motivational aspects of self‐regulation. A goal systems approach to self‐regulation, Vol. 9, 247
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 3,241
Adherence to self-care in patients with heart failure in the HeartCycle study
Stut, W. J. J., Deighan, C., Cleland, J. G. F., & Jaarsma, T. (2015) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s88482 · Cited by 33
“Fourth, knowledge itself may not provide enough impetus and support to negotiate the considerable challenges of initiating and maintaining health behavior change.(18,19)”
BackgroundMurchie, P., Allan, J., Brant, W., Dennis, M., Hall, S. J., Masthoff, J., Walter, F. M., & Johnston, M. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007993 · Cited by 33
“…technology that could be used to support them to conduct TSSEs, and how to target technology at those patients with the most potential to bene fi t. 27 The IMB model proposes three requisites for engaging in preventive behaviours: individuals must have access to relevant information; be motivated…”
Exploratory Study of Web-Based Planning and Mobile Text Reminders in an Overweight Population
Soureti, A., Murray, P., Cobain, M. R., Chinapaw, M. J. M., van Mechelen, W., & Hurling, R. (2011) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1773 · Cited by 33
The Future of Personal Information Management, Part I: Our Information, Always and Forever
Jones, W. (2012) · Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval, and services · doi:10.2200/s00411ed1v01y201203icr021 · Cited by 35
Proactive coping moderates the dietary intention-planning-behavior path.
Zhou, G., Gan, Y.-Q., Knoll, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.06.097 · Cited by 32
McLachlan, S., & Hagger, M. S. (2011) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00721.x · Cited by 40
“…predict behavior that does not closely follow the measurement of intentions, its exclusive focus on the pre-decisional or motivational phase of behavior and its neglect of the post-decisional phase (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Schwarzer, 2001; Sniehotta et al., 2005) pose substantial limitations.”
BackgroundThe role of attention in motivated behavior.
Suri, G., & Gross, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0000088 · Cited by 35
O’Toole, S., Newton, T., Moazzez, R., Hasan, A. A.-H., & Bartlett, D. W. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26418-0 · Cited by 33
Goal Pursuit in the Context of Culture
Oettingen, G., Sevincer, A. T., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373694-9.00009-x · Cited by 33
Self-citationOvercoming Procrastination through Planning
Wieber, F., & Gollwitzer, P. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195376685.003.0011 · Cited by 28
Self-citationFreyer‐Adam, J., Baumann, S., Schnuerer, I., Haberecht, K., Bischof, G., John, U., & Gaertner, B. (2014) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12677 · Cited by 33
Behavioral innovations: The missing capital in sustainable development?
Beretti, A., Figuières, C., & Grolleau, G. (2013) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.03.004 · Cited by 41
Wolchik, S. A., Sandler, I. N., Jones, S. L., Gonzales, N. A., Doyle, K. W., Winslow, E. B., Zhou, Q., & Braver, S. L. (2009) · Family Court Review · doi:10.1111/j.1744-1617.2009.01265.x · Cited by 32
“…M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript treatment (Nock & Kazdin, 2005) and increase engagement in healthy behaviors (e.g., exercise) (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), we are developing a brief procedure to help parents plan how they will resolve obstacles to attendance.”
BackgroundFritzsche, A., Schlier, B., Oettingen, G., & Lincoln, T. M. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9749-6 · Cited by 38
“A meta-analysis of almost hundred studies evinced a medium effect (d = 0.61; Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006) of forming implementation intentions on heightened rate of goal attainment across life domains, ages, and types of obstacles (e.”
InfluentialLarsen, J. K., Hermans, R. C. J., Sleddens, E. F. C., Vink, J. M., Kremers, S., Ruiter, E. L. M., & Fisher, J. O. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.016 · Cited by 35
What do cost-effective health behaviour-change interventions contain? A comparison of six domains
Beard, E., West, R., Lorencatto, F., Gardner, B., Michie, S., Owens, L., & Shahab, L. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213983 · Cited by 32
Conner, M. T., Grogan, S., Simms‐Ellis, R., Scholtens, K., Sykes‐Muskett, B., Cowap, L., Lawton, R., Armitage, C. J., Meads, D. M., Schmitt, L. H. M., et al. (2019) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14723 · Cited by 32
“To address the study aims, data from a 4-year cluster randomized controlled trial of a school-based smoking initiation intervention [18,19] based on implementation intentions was used [20].”
MethodMasheder, J., Fjorback, L. O., & Parsons, C. E. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00453-x · Cited by 35
“Meta-analyses have found medium to large effects of ‘if-then plans’ on goal achievement across a wide area of behaviours [13, 30].”
BackgroundRoberts, H., Jacobs, R. H., Bessette, K. L., Crowell, S. E., Schreiner, M. W., Thomas, L. R., Easter, R. E., Pocius, S. L., Dillahunt, A. K., Frandsen, S. B., et al. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03193-3 · Cited by 41
Łuszczyńska, A., & Cieślak, R. (2009) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.3200/bmed.35.1.30-38 · Cited by 32
Thürmer, J. L., Wieber, F., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.1832 · Cited by 33
“A common hindrance to implementing goal-directed actions and responses is that people fail to get started with acting toward their goal (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBenyamini, Y., Geron, R., Steinberg, D. M., Medini, N., Valinsky, L. J., & Endevelt, R. (2013) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.120727-quan-365 · Cited by 32
Lakshman, R., Griffin, S. J., Hardeman, W., Schiff, A., Kinmonth, A. L., & Ong, K. K. (2014) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2014/646504 · Cited by 33
“plans” specifying when, where, and how the person will act on their intentions and perform the behaviour and link the behaviour to specific cues [42].”
BackgroundCertifiable Trust in Autonomous Systems: Making the Intractable Tangible
Lyons, J. B., Clark, M. A., Wagner, A. R., & Schuelke, M. J. (2017) · AI Magazine · doi:10.1609/aimag.v38i3.2717 · Cited by 32
“Intention is only as good as the situation allows (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundInfluence of paraquat on dopaminergic transporter in the rat brain.
Ossowska, K., Wardas, J., Kuter, K. Z., Nowak, P. G., Dąbrowska, J., Bortel, A. B., Labus, Ł., Kwieciński, A., Krygowska‐Wajs, A., & Wolfarth, S. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 32
All models are wrong, but some are useful: a comment on Ogden (2016)
Peters, G.-J., & Kok, G. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2016.1190658 · Cited by 32
“…& Rowland, 2002; Table 8 in Kok et al., 2016) requires intervention recipients to be able and willing to identify with the stigmatised person, and Implementation Intentions, a method to change habits (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Table 4 in Kok et al., 2016) require an existing positive intention.”
MethodConner, M. T. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.14154-6 · Cited by 32
Changing Behavior Using the Transtheoretical Model
DiClemente, C. C., & Graydon, M. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.010 · Cited by 35
David, L., Biwer, F., Crutzen, R., & de Bruin, A. B. H. (2024) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-024-01199-w · Cited by 31
“…research across various domains supports the effectiveness of implementation intentions in promoting goal-directed actions (Adriaanse et al., 2011; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), it is unclear whether implementation intentions influence learners’ learning outcomes or metacognition (Hoch et al.,…”
de Visser, R. O., & O’Neill, N. (2013) · Sexual Health · doi:10.1071/sh13034 · Cited by 31
Bedwell, B., Leygue, C., Goulden, M., McAuley, D., Colley, J., Ferguson, E., Banks, N., & Spence, A. (2014) · Technology Analysis and Strategic Management · doi:10.1080/09537325.2014.978276 · Cited by 31
“%) is likely to be much more effective than simply asking people to try their best to save energy (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundHaug, S., Castro, R. P., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., Fleisch, E., & Schaub, M. P. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1140 · Cited by 31
“Additionally, we integrated elements derived from the Social Norms Approach [21] and implementation intentions, ‘if-then’ plans that link situational cues with responses that are effective in attaining a desired outcome [22], into the present intervention.”
MethodSystematic development of a self-regulation weight-management intervention for overweight adults
van Genugten, L., van Empelen, P., Flink, I. J. E., & Oenema, A. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-649 · Cited by 32
“Learn to use cues by implementation intentions (II) [19].”
MethodPresseau, J., Hawthorne, G., Sniehotta, F. F., Steen, N., Francis, J., Johnston, M., Mackintosh, J. E., Grimshaw, J., Kaner, E., Elovainio, M. J., et al. (2014) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-9-61 · Cited by 31
“We showed particular constructs within particular behavioural theories to be consistently predictive of healthcare professional behaviour, including intention/proximal goals and self-efficacy (social cognitive theory [20]), postintentional factors (action and coping planning [21]), and habit [22] (learning theory), th…”
BackgroundDombrowski, S. U., Endevelt, R., Steinberg, D. M., & Benyamini, Y. (2016) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12212 · Cited by 33
Remembering to Remember: An Examination of the Cognitive Processes Underlying Prospective Memory ☆
Anderson, F. T., McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21049-3 · Cited by 31
“…increases the likelihood of spontaneous retrieval, because eating breakfast can now serve as a strong cue for the intention to take medication (see Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006; McDaniel et al., 2008; McFarland and Glisky, 2012; Rummel et al., 2012, for evidence showing that implementation…”
Poppe, L., der Mispel, C. V., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Verloigne, M., Shadid, S., & Crombez, G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190020 · Cited by 32
Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health
Richman, L. S., Pascoe, E. A., & Lattanner, M. R. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.6 · Cited by 30
Pinidiyapathirage, J. M., Jayasuriya, R., Cheung, N. W., & Schwarzer, R. (2018) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2018.1458983 · Cited by 31
“Numerous studies on a wide variety of behaviours, including physical activity, have shown that planning increases the chances that the desired behaviour will actually be enacted compared to merely forming an intention (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundEckert, M., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Sieland, B., & Berking, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01103 · Cited by 37
Kliemann, N., Croker, H. A., Johnson, F., & Beeken, R. J. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/12326 · Cited by 31
“This new tip was developed based on the current evidence for reducing unhealthy food cravings and avoiding lapses [22-24].”
BackgroundMethodHart, T., Vaccaro, M. J., Collier, G., Chervoneva, I., & Fann, J. R. (2019) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2019.1592761 · Cited by 30
“…impaired, top-down mode to the more automatic bottom-up mode (Gollwitzer, 2014; Wieber, Thurmer, & Gollwitzer, 2015) A meta-analysis of 94 studies (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) showed medium to large effects (mean d = .65) on a wide variety of goals in domains of health, academic pursuits,…”
BackgroundInfluentialBessems, K. M. H. H., Linssen, E., Lomme, M., & van Assema, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072535 · Cited by 31
“Examples of behavioural determinants that have been found relevant and to be targeted in comprehensive interventions are misconceptions and awareness of personal consumption compared to recommendations [26], motivation or attitude [27], self-efficacy [28], taste and liking [29], food label use [30], portion size aware…”
BackgroundEsopo, K., Derby, L., & Haushofer, J. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-02992-y · Cited by 37
“This finding is consistent with research on implementation intentions, demonstrating that the realization of a goal is more likely to be achieved by forming a plan that describes the when, where, and how of goal striving in advance [33, 34].”
ResultBiwer, F., de Bruin, A. B. H., Schreurs, S., & Egbrink, M. G. A. O. (2020) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.07.006 · Cited by 39
Norman, P. E., & Conner, M. T. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.05143-9 · Cited by 31
Breitwieser, J., Nobbe, L., Biedermann, D., & Brod, G. (2023) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104879 · Cited by 36
Using implementation intentions to overcome the effect of mood on risky behaviour
Webb, T. L., Sheeran, P., Totterdell, P., Miles, E., Mansell, W., & Baker, S. (2010) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466610x533623 · Cited by 32
“The consequence is that the opportunity elicits the response in a relatively swift and effortless fashion (i.e., automatically; for a review, see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRhodes, R. E., Fiala, B., & Nasuti, G. (2012) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2012.695411 · Cited by 31
Houssais, S., Oettingen, G., & Mayer, D. (2012) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-012-9307-4 · Cited by 31
Stern, C., & West, T. V. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.09.008 · Cited by 31
“Given that implementation intentions are most effective when individuals are striving toward a goal (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), in Study 2, we geared the implementation intention toward improving interracial interactions among a sample of participants who experience frequent cross-race contact…”
BackgroundMethodBlocked goals, persistent action: Implementation intentions engender tenacious goal striving
Martijn, C., Alberts, H. J. E. M., Sheeran, P., Peters, G.-J., Mikolajczak, J., & de Vries, N. K. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.01.005 · Cited by 31
“…studies have shown implementation intention effects on the initiation of goal striving, less research has examined effects on repeated strivings (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), and, to date, no studies appear to have tested whether if-then planning affects subsequent goal striving when the path…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationAudiffren, M. F., André, N., & Albinet, C. T. (2011) · Revue de neuropsychologie · doi:10.3917/rne.034.0207 · Cited by 55
“Plus particulièrement, les méthodes favorisant la spécification de buts progressifs, ainsi que la mise en œuvre des intentions, semblent montrer les effets les plus importants sur le changement de comportement [67].”
Krawczyk, A., Stephenson, E., Perez, S., Lau, E., & Rosberger, Z. (2013) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2012.749714 · Cited by 31
Fast tracking the design of theory-based KT interventions through a consensus process
Initiative, M. O. T. C. C. G., Bussières, A., Zoubi, F. A., Quon, J. A., Ahmed, S., Thomas, A., Stuber, K. J., Sajko, S. S., & French, S. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0213-5 · Cited by 34
“Specifically, interventions that incorporate BCTs aimed at translating behavioural intention into actual behaviour while focusing on post-motivational elements have greater potential to reduce evidence-practice gaps for people with chronic conditions [94-98].”
BackgroundLo, S. H., Good, A., Sheeran, P., Baio, G., Rainbow, S. J., Vart, G., von Wagner, C., & Wardle, J. (2013) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0033507 · Cited by 31
Self-citationLewis, A. L., & Eves, F. F. (2011) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.10.001 · Cited by 30
“In contrast, interventions based on implementation intentions aim to initiate the behaviour when the envisaged context and cues are encountered (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Milne, Orbell, & Sheeran, 2002).”
Backgroundvan Dijke, M., Cremer, D. D., Brebels, L., & Quaquebeke, N. V. (2013) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206313478187 · Cited by 32
“…relies on self-regulatory processes that enable people to initiate goal-directed action, adapt to changing situations, shield goal-directed action from distractions, and temporarily disengage from a goal when the situation requires this (e.g., Austin & Vancouver, 1996; gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialNorman, P. E., & Wrona-Clarke, A. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000144 · Cited by 31
“After ‘Unit 1421’: An exploratory study into female students’ attitudes and behaviours towards binge drinking at Leeds University.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFrance, C. R., France, J. L., Carlson, B. W., Kessler, D. A., Rebosa, M., Shaz, B. H., Madden, K., Carey, P. M., Fox, K. R., Livitz, I. E., et al. (2016) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/trf.13485 · Cited by 35
“, if the blood mobile is parked outside of my school, then I will donate) that have been shown to facilitate the translation of goal intentions into behavioral action in a variety of contexts.(17-21) Further, in a series of studies Godin and colleagues(22-24) have demonstrated that implementation intentions can also b…”
More than planned: Implementation intention effects in non-planned situations
Bieleke, M., Legrand, E., Mignon, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2017) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.06.003 · Cited by 34
“…studies have demonstrated that implementation intentions promote goal achievement more effectively than goal intentions (meta-analytic reviews by Adriaanse, Vinkers, De Ridder, Hox, & De Wit, 2011; BélangerGravel, Godin, & Amireault, 2013; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Hagger & Luszczynska, 2014).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationMüller, A., Angerer, P., Becker, A., Gantner, M., Gündel, H., Heiden, B., Herbig, B., Herbst, K., Poppe, F., Schmook, R., et al. (2018) · Work Aging and Retirement · doi:10.1093/workar/wax033 · Cited by 31
Goal-Driven Cognition in the Brain: A Computational FrameworkPreprint
O’Reilly, R. C., Hazy, T. E., Mollick, J., Mackie, P., & Herd, S. A. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1404.7591 · Cited by 54
“(Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Sefidgar, Y. S., Castillo, C. L., Chopra, S., Jiang, L., Jones, T. E., Mittal, A., Ryu, H., Schroeder, J., Cole, A., Murinova, N., et al. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642075 · Cited by 36
“…rare event that similar tracking and data models apply to both cases, other aspects of their support could be diferent: goal realization techniques such as implementation intentions [30] would be more appropriate to integrate in reminders for a self-regulation goal and less so for a learning goal.”
BackgroundEmployees’ Perceived Use of Leader Power and Implications for Affect and Work Intentions
Zigarmi, D., Peyton, T., & Randolph, W. A. (2015) · Human Resource Development Quarterly · doi:10.1002/hrdq.21216 · Cited by 30
Lange, D., Richert, J., Koring, M., Knoll, N., Schwarzer, R., & Lippke, S. (2013) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2012.751107 · Cited by 30
“This is done by planning that has been found to be effective in modifying various health behaviours (for an overview, see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundBrom, S. S., Schnitzspahn, K. M., Melzer, M., Hagner, F., Bernhard, A., & Kliegel, M. (2013) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-013-0288-2 · Cited by 30
“, frontal lobe patients (Langfelder and Gollwitzer 2001) or schizophrenics (Brandstätter et al. 2001; Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006), but to our knowledge, the current study is the first to find a moderation effect of fluid”
French, D., Stevenson, A., & Michie, S. (2011) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2011.592843 · Cited by 30
“More generally, it suggests that the success of volitional interventions (see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) should not disguise the benefits that can also be obtained from motivational interventions (see Webb & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMadva, A. (2017) · Ergo an Open Access Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.3998/ergo.12405314.0004.006 · Cited by 41
Nonconscious self-regulation, or the automatic pilot of human behavior.
Papies, E. K., & Aarts, H. (2011) · Cited by 30
Theeboom, T., Vianen, A. E. M. V., & Beersma, B. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01352 · Cited by 41
“In other words, planning is about forming implementation intentions which have the form of ‘if situation X is encountered, then I will perform the goal-directed response Y’ (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
Paruthi, G., Raj, S., Colabianchi, N., Klasnja, P., & Newman, M. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3191761 · Cited by 30
“Although, systematic reviews generally support such planning strategies [23,32], their effectiveness to behavioral interventions was not evident in all settings [43,57].”
BackgroundHealth Education and Health Promotion: Key Concepts and Exemplary Evidence to Support Them
de Vries, H., Kremers, S., & Lippke, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-93826-4_17 · Cited by 39
Involuntary memories and involuntary future thinking differently tax cognitive resources
Mazzoni, G. A. L. (2018) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-018-1123-3 · Cited by 39
Changing Behavior Using the Health Belief Model and Protection Motivation Theory
Orbell, S., Zahid, H., & Henderson, C. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.004 · Cited by 35
Johnson, S. L., Zisser, M., Sandel, D. B., Swerdlow, B. A., Carver, C. S., Sanchez, A. H., & Fernández, E. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103708 · Cited by 30
Manifestations of rural entrepreneurship: the journey so far and future pathways
Shrivastava, U., & Dwivedi, A. K. (2020) · Management Review Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11301-020-00199-1 · Cited by 30
“This category would be most benefitted by understanding the technology-intent linkage by applying implementation intention theory (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006) which offers an action-oriented perspective on how actions and behaviours are directed by intrinsic traits such as personal views,…”
BackgroundBreitwieser, J., Neubauer, A. B., Schmiedek, F., & Brod, G. (2021) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101560 · Cited by 34
The cycle of workplace bias and how to interrupt it
Stephens, N. K., Rivera, L. A., & Townsend, S. S. M. (2020) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2021.100137 · Cited by 32
Toward a unified model of motivation for training transfer: a phase perspective
Quesada-Pallarès, C., & Gegenfurtner, A. (2015) · Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft · doi:10.1007/s11618-014-0604-4 · Cited by 32
Ströbl, V., Knisel, W., Landgraf, U., & Faller, H. (2013) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-1095 · Cited by 30
Health motives and health behaviour self-regulation in older adults
Schüz, B., Wurm, S., Warner, L. M., Wolff, J. K., & Schwarzer, R. (2013) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-013-9504-y · Cited by 30
Corradi, N., Priftis, K., Jacucci, G., & Gamberini, L. (2012) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.11.002 · Cited by 30
Paving the path for habit change: Cognitive shielding of intentions against habit intrusion
Danner, U. N., Aarts, H., Papies, E. K., & de Vries, N. K. (2010) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/2044-8287.002005 · Cited by 35
van Dongen, A., Abraham, C., Ruiter, R. A. C., & Veldhuizen, I. J. T. (2012) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9449-3 · Cited by 30
“This technique influences future behavior by conscious association of cues with already-learnt responses [48–50].”
BackgroundZuo, Z., Luo, Y., Yan, S., & Jiang, L. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13080664 · Cited by 29
The ABC of academic procrastination: Functional analysis of a detrimental habit
Svartdal, F., & Løkke, J. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1019261 · Cited by 69
“, Ariely and Wertenbroch, 2002), as is implementation intentions (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundPrinzing, M. (2024) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976241251766 · Cited by 38
“To encourage participants in the proenvironmental behavior and fun conditions to comply with the requested behavior change, we asked them to construct implementation intentions or “if-then” plans (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Eldridge, J. D., Devine, C. M., Wethington, E., Aceves, L., Phillips, E., Wansink, B. C., & Charlson, M. E. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.011 · Cited by 29
“…meetings by providing participants with examples of successful tactics from the pilot intervention narratives (e.g. navigate challenging household environment by trying strategy during non-commensal meals to begin with) or through the use of implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundImproving adolescent judgment and decision making.
Dansereau, D. F., Knight, D. K., & Flynn, P. M. (2013) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/a0032495 · Cited by 29
Facilitating successful behavior change: Beyond goal setting to goal flourishing.
Nowack, K. M. (2017) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/cpb0000088 · Cited by 32
“However, the use of implementation intentions (practice plans) appears to be significantly more robust (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialArnulf, J. K., Larsen, K. R. T., Martinsen, Ø. L., & Egeland, T. (2018) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0999-y · Cited by 32
“As was shown by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), attitudinal measures can only modestly predict behavior unless the subject has previous observations of own behavior.”
BackgroundWeight Bias Internalization: The Maladaptive Effects of Moral Condemnation on Intrinsic Motivation
Täuber, S., Gausel, N., & Flint, S. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01836 · Cited by 29
Sheeran, P., & Conner, M. T. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.015 · Cited by 35
Self-citationFrozen Goals: Identifying and Defining a New Type of Goal
Davydenko, M., Werner, K. M., & Milyavskaya, M. (2019) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.194 · Cited by 32
Ma, B., Meng, X. X., Long, Q., Zhang, Z., Chen, S., Yang, J., Zhang, X., & Yuan, J. (2019) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-019-09542-z · Cited by 30
“mentation intentions affects emotional processing; a metaanalysis has indicated that implementation intentions are effective in modulating emotional consequences (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundNudge for Deliberativeness: How Interface Features Influence Online Discourse
Menon, S., Zhang, W., & Perrault, S. T. (2020) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376646 · Cited by 29
What Is Slowing Us Down? Six Challenges to Accelerating Advances in Health Behavior Change
Rothman, A. J., & Sheeran, P. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa090 · Cited by 30
Self-citationTeleki, S. Á., Zsido, A. N., Lénárd, L., Komócsi, A., Kiss, E. C., & Tiringer, I. (2021) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12290 · Cited by 33
Ran, W., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-021-02085-6 · Cited by 31
“According to Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), people often have trouble when they start on their intentions because they forget to perform the intended behavior, particularly when the intended behavior isn’t part of one’s routine.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
