The DOI matches its Crossref record; 167 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
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“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
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“Although accumulated research supports this idea (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran, 2002; Sutton, 1998), there is also contrary evidence that gives credence to the proverb that ‘‘the road to hell is paved with good intentions’’ (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,100 of 3,241
Chang, W., Lo, S.-Y., Kuo, C.-L., Wang, Y.-L., & Hsiao, H.-C. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0225453 · Cited by 29
“Interventions for planning have been adopted in healthcare studies [30,32] and are regarded as an effective approach to enable people to translate their “good” intentions into action.”
BackgroundSocial psychology in action: Evidence-based interventions from theory to practice
Zhang, J. (2022) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2022.2075555 · Cited by 29
“One way for changing a bad habit is to change the environment, and another is to reinforce the impact of implementation intention through an if-then plan (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) .”
BackgroundBurkard, C., Rochat, L., Blum, A., Emmenegger, J., der Linden, A. J. V., & der Linden, M. V. (2014) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2014.887023 · Cited by 29
“…of non-salient stimuli (Webb & Sheeran, 2004), coordination of dual tasks (Brandstätter, Lengfelder, & Gollwitzer, 2001), inhibition (Cohen, Bayer, Jaudas, & Gollwitzer, 2008), and PM (e.g., McDaniel, Howard, et al., 2008), in fact, goal-directed behaviours in general (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Goal Priming in Dieters: Recent Insights and Applications
Papies, E. K. (2012) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-012-0009-8 · Cited by 29
Erasmus, V., Huis, A. M. P., Oenema, A., van Empelen, P., Boog, M. C., van Beeck, E. H., Polinder, S., Steyerberg, E. W., Richardus, J. H., Vos, M. D., et al. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-721 · Cited by 30
“This so-called intentionbehaviour gap has been targeted successfully in other fields by using implementation intentions and recently this method has also been applied to hand hygiene improvement [11,12].”
BackgroundMethodKushlev, K., Heintzelman, S. J., Lutes, L. D., Wirtz, D., Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.11.003 · Cited by 33
“They will set goals following these criteria andwill formulate implementation intentions [68] to facilitate progress on these goals.”
BackgroundPaul-Jordanov, I., Bechtold, M., & Gawrilow, C. (2010) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-010-0028-9 · Cited by 30
“Implementation intentions offer benefits over and above goal intentions: A metaanalysis by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) involving more than 8,000 participants in 94 independent studies reported an effect size of d = .65.”
BackgroundLehmann, A. I., Brauchli, R., & Bauer, G. F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00154 · Cited by 28
“65) of the implementation of intentions to achieve goals compared to goal intention only (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundWevers, A., Wigboldus, D., van den Hurk, K., van Baaren, R., & Veldhuizen, I. (2015) · Vox Sanguinis · doi:10.1111/vox.12189 · Cited by 26
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran [12] pointed out that if-then plans may not be very effective when opportunities and responses are not specified precisely. When people are still able to deliberate about when, where and how to perform a behaviour, they have no benefit from the enhanced activation of situational cues and respons…”
ResultSelf-Regulation in Ultimatum Bargaining: Goals and Plans Help Accepting Unfair but Profitable Offers
Kirk, D., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Carnevale, P. J. D. (2011) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2011.29.5.528 · Cited by 30
Self-citationTime for Living and Caring: An Intervention to Make Respite More Effective for Caregivers
Lund, D. A., Utz, R., Caserta, M. S., Wright, S. D., Llanque, S. M., Lindfelt, C., Shon, H., Whitlatch, C. J., & Montoro‐Rodríguez, J. (2014) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/ag.79.2.d · Cited by 28
“A meta-analysis of 94 studies revealed that having a clearly stated goal, as well as a realistic plan of action in place to achieve it, were positively related to successful goal attainment (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
The Effects of Goal Origin and Implementation Intentions on Goal Commitment, Effort, and Performance
Seo, E., Patall, E. A., Henderson, M. D., & Steingut, R. R. (2017) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2016.1277334 · Cited by 31
“Researchers indeed suggest that implementation intentions help people deal with not only overcoming distractions and preventing resource depletion but also action initiation and initial motivation (Diefendorff & Lord, 2003; Gollwitzer, 2014; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundBrown, B. C., Balatsoukas, P., Williams, R., Sperrin, M., & Buchan, I. E. (2017) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2017.11.008 · Cited by 30
Mindset-Oriented Negotiation Training (MONT): Teaching More Than Skills and Knowledge
Ade, V., Schuster, C., Harinck, F., & Trötschel, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00907 · Cited by 28
“If-then plans, which specify a critical situation in the if-part and intended behaviors in the then-part, have been shown to be very effective when people seek to achieve goals that require overcoming habits (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundLee, A., Yung, P. S., Mok, K.-M., Hagger, M. S., & Chan, D. K. C. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112646 · Cited by 29
Changing Behavior by Changing Environments
Marteau, T. M., Fletcher, P. C., Hollands, G. J., & Munafo, M. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.014 · Cited by 32
Fontenot, H. B., White, B. P., Rosenberger, J. G., Lacasse, H., Rutirasiri, C., Mayer, K. H., & Zimet, G. D. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/22878 · Cited by 29
Chan, S., Sapkota, S., Mathews, R., Zhang, H., & Nanayakkara, S. C. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3432190 · Cited by 35
“It helps users to form stronger associations between situation cues (event, time or location) and intended actions [35], to increase the likelihood of performing their PM tasks.”
BackgroundMotivated perception for self-regulation: How visual experience serves and is served by goals
Cole, S., & Balcetis, E. (2021) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2021.04.003 · Cited by 29
Keyworth, C., O’Connor, R. C., Quinlivan, L. M., & Armitage, C. J. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/28349 · Cited by 28
A randomized controlled feasibility trial of online compassion‐focused self‐help for psoriasis*
Muftin, Z., Gilbert, P., & Thompson, A. R. (2022) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.21020 · Cited by 35
“32 While the current study did not intend to formally test the use of implementation intentions via the goal planner that was embedded in the materials of both groups, the use of implementation intentions in this form of self-help for psoriasis clearly requires further investigation.”
Song, J., & Xu, P. (2023) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2023.103830 · Cited by 28
The effect of implementation intentions on transfer of training
Friedman, S., & Ronen, S. (2015) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2114 · Cited by 28
Gallagher, R. D., Kirkness, A., Zelestis, E., Hollams, D., Kneale, C., Armari, E., Bennett, T., Daly, J., & Tofler, G. H. (2012) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9369-2 · Cited by 28
Springvloet, L., Lechner, L., de Vries, H., & Oenema, A. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1707-4 · Cited by 28
“At the end of the first session participants could set a goal and formulate an implementation intention for when, where and how to make the behavior change using an if-then structure [40,46,48-50].”
BackgroundJung, M. E., & Brawley, L. R. (2010) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.04.006 · Cited by 28
Mann, D. M., & Lin, J. J. (2012) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-6 · Cited by 27
“Implementation intentions have been shown to promote successful behavior change and are another design element of this system that do not require further effort by providers but may assist in promoting patient change [26].”
BackgroundWilliams, S. L., Michie, S., Dale, J. R., Stallard, N., & French, D. (2015) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2015.01.010 · Cited by 32
“Patients set goals and completed specific action plans detailing when, where, how and with whom they would fit their extra walking goal into their daily life [34,35].”
Smith, S. W., Daunic, A. P., Algina, J. J., Pitts, D. L., Merrill, K. L., Cumming, M. M., & Allen, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/1063426616661702 · Cited by 28
“According to Gollwitzer (1990) and Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), goal setting and goal pursuit consist of a number of action phases that take place over time, from goal commitment (forming strong goal intentions), moving to initiating goal-directed behaviors (when, where, how to implement) and…”
BackgroundMethodMažar, N., Daniel Mochon, B., & Ariely, D. (2018) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcpy.1031 · Cited by 28
“Overall, a meta-analysis found that implementation intention interventions have a medium to large effect on goal attainment (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Crowdsourcing Exercise Plans Aligned with Expert Guidelines and Everyday Constraints
Agapie, E., Chinh, B., Pina, L. R., Oviedo, D., Welsh, M. C., Hsieh, G., & Munson, S. A. (2018) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173898 · Cited by 30
Verplanken, B., & Orbell, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13788-5_5 · Cited by 30
Straus, E., Norman, S. B., Tripp, J. C., Pitts, M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2019) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547019872172 · Cited by 30
“71,72 Further research is needed to examine the efficacy of novel intervention strategies aimed at fostering protective factors in veterans with PTSD and/or MDD in mitigating suicide risk.”
Predictors of repeat participation in the NHS bowel cancer screening programme
Lo, S. H., Halloran, S., Snowball, J. M., Seaman, H. E., Wardle, J., & von Wagner, C. (2014) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.569 · Cited by 27
“Future studies should investigate whether planning methods, such as implementation intentions, could promote continued uptake among people with a history of late kit returns (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMorgan, J. I., & Atkin, L. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13050500 · Cited by 32
“These findings are consistent with previous research espousing the longer-term benefits of implementation intentions for health behaviour change [18] and studies showing that participants are more responsive to health messages after self-affirming [14].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKick.it: The development of an evidence-based smoking cessation smartphone app
van Agteren, J. E., Lawn, S., Bonevski, B., & Smith, B. J. (2018) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibx031 · Cited by 29
Randomised controlled trial of a theory-based behavioural intervention to reduce formula milk intake
Lakshman, R., Sharp, S., Whittle, F., Schiff, A., Hardeman, W., Irvine, L., Wilson, E., Griffin, S., & Ong, K. (2018) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-314784 · Cited by 26
Bermúdez, J. P. (2021) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-021-03068-w · Cited by 30
“An implementation intention contains an if–then plan that specifies “when, where, and how the person will instigate responses that promote goal realization” (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundGrounding motivation for behavior change
Papies, E. K., Barsalou, L. W., Claassen, M. A., Davis, T., Farrar, S. T., Gauthier, E., Rodger, A., Tatar, B., Wehbe, L. H., & Werner, J. (2022) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2022.04.002 · Cited by 39
Awareness, Intention, (In)Action: Individuals’ Reactions to Data Breaches
Mayer, P. B., Zou, Y., Lowens, B. M., Dyer, H. A., Le, K., Schaub, F., & Aviv, A. J. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3589958 · Cited by 39
“Knowing this gap exists, how can we help people transform their intentions into actual behavior? Prior work has highlighted various self-regulatory challenges people may face in realizing their intentions [42, 113] (e.”
BackgroundSudeck, G., & Höner, O. (2011) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01047.x · Cited by 27
Individual‐level interventions for alcohol‐related violence: A rapid evidence assessment
McMurran, M. (2011) · Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health · doi:10.1002/cbm.821 · Cited by 27
Gellert, P. R., Ziegelmann, J. P., Krupka, S., Knoll, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9330-1 · Cited by 29
“Findings from k=23 experimental studies (N=6,773) on the impact of planning interventions on health behaviors showed a medium-to-large effect size [18] of d=0.”
BackgroundThe neuroscientific study of free will: A diagnosis of the controversy
Schlosser, M. E. (2013) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-013-0312-2 · Cited by 27
“For instance, the evidence from the research on implementation intentions shows that the conscious formation of distal intentions is effective in the self-regulation of behavior (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundAraújo‐Soares, V., Rodrigues, A., Presseau, J., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9415-3 · Cited by 34
Kersten, P., McPherson, K. M., Kayes, N. M., Theadom, A., & McCambridge, A. B. (2014) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.955137 · Cited by 28
“low mood or low levels of confidence impact on exercising) [4,7,8].”
BackgroundHides, L. M., Kavanagh, D. J., Daglish, M. R. C., Cotton, S., Connor, J. P., Barendregt, J. J., Young, R. M., Sanders, D., White, A., & Mergard, L. (2014) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/1471-227x-14-19 · Cited by 28
Bolman, C. A. W., Eggers, S. M., van Osch, L., Poel, F. T., Candel, M. J. J. M., & de Vries, H. (2015) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.977397 · Cited by 30
“AP is assumed to bridge the intention–behavior gap (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Locke & Latham, 2002; Sniehotta, 2009).”
BackgroundEffects of Implementation Intentions on Anxiety, Perceived Proximity, and Motor Performance
Stern, C., Cole, S., Gollwitzer, P. M., Oettingen, G., & Balcetis, E. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213479612 · Cited by 27
“Implementation intentions do not require extensive cognitive resources (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), whereas emotion suppression strategies in which individuals consciously inhibit emotions require effort and are cognitively taxing (Gross, 2001; Richards & Gross, 1999).”
Self-citationPut your plan into action: The influence of action plans on agency and responsibility.
Damen, T. G. E., van Baaren, R. B., Braß, M., Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000024 · Cited by 27
“Since this technique was first introduced (Gollwitzer, 1999) a great number of studies have shown that implementation intentions are powerful techniques with the ability to overcome wellingrained habits and effectuate positive behavioral change (Webb & Sheeran, 2006; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodPredicting sleep hygiene: a reasoned action approach
Tagler, M. J., Stanko, K. A., & Forbey, J. D. (2016) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12411 · Cited by 30
Hart, T., & Vaccaro, M. J. (2017) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2016.1251612 · Cited by 32
“if–then plans that connect good opportunities to act with cognitive or behavioural responses that are effective in accomplishing one’s goals’ ([12], p.”
BackgroundKelly, S. M., & Updegraff, J. A. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-017-9839-x · Cited by 30
Evain, J., Perrot, A., Vincent, A., Cejka, J. ‐., Bauer, C., Duclos, A., Rimmele, T. R., Lehot, J.-J., & Lilot, M. (2019) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.14602 · Cited by 28
“Intentions are more likely to translate into actual actions when they are spelt out in situation-specific plans [19, 20].”
BackgroundErasmus, V., Otto, S. J., de Roos, E. W., van Eijsden, R. A., Vos, M. D., Alex Burdorf, A., & van Beeck, E. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029484 · Cited by 29
Greener grass or sour grapes? How people value future goals after initial failure
Sjåstad, H., Baumeister, R. F., & Ent, M. R. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2020.103965 · Cited by 27
Making goal pursuit effective : Expectancy-dependent goal setting and planned goal striving
Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · KOPS (University of Konstanz) · Cited by 27
Self-citationUsing Self-regulation to Successfully Overcome the Negotiation Disadvantage of Low Power
Jäger, A. H., Loschelder, D. D., & Friese, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00271 · Cited by 26
“In doing so, if then-plans extend pre-set goals (“My goal is to obtain Z”) and considerably improve goal attainment beyond setting goals alone (see Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006, for a meta-analysis).”
BackgroundResult(2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197662359.001.0001 · Cited by 33
Stollberg, J., Klackl, J., & Jonas, E. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104526 · Cited by 28
Bagozzi, R. (2024) · Journal of Global Marketing · doi:10.1080/08911762.2024.2386970 · Cited by 24
“The expanded notion of distal intentions, such as found with implementation intentions, has seldom been studied in consumer research but offers insight into how to overcome the intention-behavior gap (e.g., Conner & Norman, 2022; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Nguyen et al., 2019).”
Mind the gap: bringing our theories in line with the empirical data – a response to commentaries
Noar, S. M., & Head, K. J. (2013) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.855593 · Cited by 26
“We also agree that work on action processes, such as implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), has made a substantive contribution and has better illuminated the distinction among these processes.”
BackgroundInformation and Persuasion: Achieving Safe Water Behaviors in Kenya
Luoto, J., Levine, D. I., & Albert, J. (2011) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/wr885 · Cited by 28
Madan, I., Parsons, V., Cookson, B., English, J. S. C., Lavender, T., McCrone, P., Murphy, C., Ntani, G., Rushton, L., Smedley, J., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1255-y · Cited by 26
“tions [29].”
Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Behavior Change Interventions: A Ten-Task Guide
Abraham, C., & Denford, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.019 · Cited by 27
Changing Behavior Using the Reflective-Impulsive Model
Deutsch, R., & Strack, F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.012 · Cited by 30
Park, J. J., Booth, N., Bagot, K. L., & Rodda, S. N. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2020.100027 · Cited by 28
Moshontz, H., & Hoyle, R. H. (2020) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12576 · Cited by 31
“…influence of the varied array of heterogeneous factors that can affect persistence in daily life and for the effectiveness of goal pursuit strategies grounded in separate theoretical traditions (e.g., forming habits, Carden & Wood, 2018; using implementation intentions, Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundEvidence that implementation intentions reduce drivers’ use of mobile phones while driving
Elliott, M. A., Paterson, A., Orr, S., Marshall, C., Wood, C., Toye, M. K., & Wilson, C. (2021) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.03.002 · Cited by 27
Cooke, R. W. I., McEwan, H. P., & Norman, P. E. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13553 · Cited by 29
“59 for health-related behaviours [9] and recent meta-analyses show that forming implementation intentions increases physical activity [10], decreases dietary fat intake [11] and reduces smoking [12].”
BackgroundIs Attention Produced Optimally? Theory and Evidence From Experiments With Bandwidth Enhancements
Bronchetti, E. T., Kessler, J. B., Magenheim, E., Taubinsky, D., & Zwick, E. (2023) · Econometrica · doi:10.3982/ecta20400 · Cited by 26
“…implying that our plan-making tool was not a perfect substitute for the plan making individuals would do otherwise.15 This may be because the act of making a plan by using our link generates an internal cue, as theorized in the implementation intentions literature (Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)).”
MethodThe impact of dispositional cynicism on job‐specific affect and work intentions
Peyton, T., & Zigarmi, D. (2014) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12051 · Cited by 26
Caudroit, J., Boiché, J. C. S., & Stéphan, Y. (2014) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.884223 · Cited by 28
Motivation and compliance with intraoral elastics
Veeroo, H. J., Cunningham, S. J., Newton, T., & Travess, H. C. (2014) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.03.021 · Cited by 26
Kovač, V. B., Cameron, D. L., & Høigaard, R. (2014) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2014.923557 · Cited by 26
“…for intended course of action and if-then responses has been found to have a medium to high effect on a variety of behavioural outcomes (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006); although the effects of planning constructs may be weaker in domains that require a great deal of personal effort and…”
BackgroundAffective Consequences of Intentional Action Control
Gollwitzer, P. M., Martiny-Huenger, T., & Oettingen, G. (2014) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2014.08.002 · Cited by 26
Self-citationJohn, E. D., Gallagher, D., Playle, R., Jewell, K., Cohen, D. R., Duncan, D., Newcombe, R. G., Busse, M. E., Owen-Jones, E., Williams, N. H., et al. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-439 · Cited by 26
“The proposed intervention is based on Social Cognitive Theory [52] and Control Theory [53] and includes techniques associated with these theories that have shown to be efficacious in changing weight related behaviours in systematic reviews and meta-analyses [26,44,45,54,55].”
MethodConditional or unconditional? The effects of implementation intentions on driver behavior.
Brewster, S. E., Elliott, M. A., McCartan, R., McGregor, B. A., & Kelly, S. W. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/xap0000072 · Cited by 28
“…al., 1999; Parks-Stamm et al. [2007; study 1]; Webb & Sheeran, 2004, 2007 and 2008) which has also shown that implementation intentions produce large-sized changes in behavior when participants encounter the situations they specify in the IF components of their plans (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialMeal-Specific Dietary Changes From Squires Quest! II: A Serious Video Game Intervention
Cullen, K. W., Liu, Y., & Thompson, D. I. (2016) · Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2016.02.004 · Cited by 26
“To create coping plans, children identify common barriers that could interfere with meeting a goal and then identify ways to overcome them.(18,19)”
Dvorak, R. D., Pearson, M. R., Neighbors, C., Martens, M. P., Stevenson, B. L., & Kuvaas, N. J. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000327 · Cited by 27
“With their meta-analysis, Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) show that the use of implementation intentions (or action planning) can strengthen the association between intentions and behavior.”
BackgroundThompson, D. I., Ferry, R. J., Cullen, K. W., & Liu, Y. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.05.002 · Cited by 26
Pinder, C. N., Vermeulen, J., Wicaksono, A., Beale, R., & Hendley, R. (2016) · International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct (MobileHCI Adjunct) · doi:10.1145/2957265.2961837 · Cited by 26
“65), and found evidence supporting both the increased accessibility of goal plans and goal automation [11].”
BackgroundGalla, B. M., Baelen, R. N., Duckworth, A. L., & Baime, M. J. (2016) · Motivation Science · doi:10.1037/mot0000045 · Cited by 26
Learning from Multimedia: Cognitive Processes and Instructional Support
Scheiter, K., Schüler, A., & Eitel, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49077-9_1 · Cited by 26
Åstrøm, A. N., Lie, S. A., & Gülcan, F. (2018) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0558-7 · Cited by 26
Reichenberger, J., Smyth, J. M., Kuppens, P., & Blechert, J. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.04.019 · Cited by 26
Improving performance through implementation intentions: Are preexisting response biases replaced?
Miles, J. D., & Proctor, R. W. (2008) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.15.6.1105 · Cited by 26
“This effect is well established: A recent meta-analysis by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that the use of an implementationintention strategy has a medium-to-large effect on the success rate of intended actions in 94 studies examining the phenomenon.”
BackgroundRegulating self-defensiveness: If–then plans prevent claiming and creating performance handicaps
Thürmer, J. L., McCrea, S. M., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2013) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-013-9352-7 · Cited by 29
“This idea is in line with implementation intention research showing that different strategies can be supported by if–then planning (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationThe question‐behavior effect from an action control perspective
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2008.01.004 · Cited by 26
“Specifically, in order to be effective, plans in the form of implementation intentions require that strong goal commitments are in place (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Sheeran, Webb, & Gollwitzer, 2005, Study 1), and mental contrasting (prior to forming implementation intentions) creates such strong…”
BackgroundSelf-citationKolehmainen, N., & Francis, J. J. (2012) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-7-100 · Cited by 24
“Feedback — — M T M = technique is hypothesized to target the domain on the basis of the matrix [13]; T = technique is hypothesized to target a variable within the domain on the basis of theory [2628,30-33]; M+T = technique is hypothesized to target the domain, or a variable within the domain, on the basis of both the…”
From intentions to action: An integrative review of action control theory and research
Koole, S. L., Jostmann, N. B., & Baumann, N. (2023) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2023.07.001 · Cited by 30
Entrepreneurial well-being and performance: antecedents and mediators
Tisu, L., Vîrgă, D., & Taris, T. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1112397 · Cited by 38
“This process can be bolstered through the usage of implementation intentions – if-then plans that can help translate objectives into action (e.g., “If I will visit a museum to find inspiration, then I will ask my spouse to join me”; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundKonsequente Umsetzung von Zielen durch Coaching
Greif, S., & Benning-Rohnke, E. (2015) · Coaching | Theorie & Praxis · doi:10.1365/s40896-015-0003-8 · Cited by 29
How self-regulation helps to master negotiation challenges: An overview, integration, and outlook
Jäger, A. H., Loschelder, D. D., & Friese, M. (2015) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2015.1112640 · Cited by 24
“A meta-analysis comprising more than 90 independent tests reported a medium-to-large effect size of if– then plans on goal attainment compared to specifying goals alone (P. M. Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
The Sutton Trust-Education Endowment Foundation Teaching and Learning Toolkit: Technical Appendices
Higgins, S., Katsipataki, M., & Coe, R. (2013) · Cited by 25
Jaccard, J. J., & Levitz, N. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139565790.017 · Cited by 25
“A meta-analysis by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) involving over 8,000 participants in 94 independent studies reported an effect size for the implementation intervention strategy of Cohen’s d = .65 over and above strategies that rely on changing intentions alone.”
BackgroundCaudwell, K. M., Mullan, B. A., & Hagger, M. S. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-018-9736-x · Cited by 28
Using Audit Programs to Improve Auditor Evidence Collection
Hammersley, J. S., & Ricci, M. A. (2020) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/tar-2018-0120 · Cited by 27
Ranchers’ Use of Drought Contingency Plans in Protective Action Decision Making
Haigh, T. R., Hayes, M. J., Smyth, J. D., Prokopy, L. S., Francis, C. A., & Burbach, M. E. (2020) · Rangeland Ecology & Management · doi:10.1016/j.rama.2020.09.007 · Cited by 25
Rebele, R. W., Koval, P., & Smillie, L. D. (2021) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070211016251 · Cited by 27
“For example, consider again the class attendance intervention (Webb et al., 2007): Setting implementation intentions may be more helpful for students who are low in conscientiousness because it reduces the effort required to enact a future behavior (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
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