The DOI matches its Crossref record; 167 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
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“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
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“Although accumulated research supports this idea (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran, 2002; Sutton, 1998), there is also contrary evidence that gives credence to the proverb that ‘‘the road to hell is paved with good intentions’’ (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 3,241
Implementation intentions and test anxiety: Shielding academic performance from distraction
Parks‐Stamm, E. J., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2009) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2009.09.001 · Cited by 72
Self-citationManagement of Fibromyalgia Syndrome in 2016
Okifuji, A., Gao, J., Bokat, C. E., & Hare, B. D. (2016) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2016-0006 · Cited by 66
Gollwitzer, A., Schwörer, B., Stern, C., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2016.12.006 · Cited by 66
“…an if-then format – linking a goal-directed response to a specified situational cue – implementation intentions achieve swift and efficient execution of a goal-directed action while protecting goal pursuit from tempting distractions, bad habits, or competing goals (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationKesten, J. M., Bhattacharya, A., Ashiru-Oredope, D. A. I., Gobin, M., & Audrey, S. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4552-9 · Cited by 64
“65) of implementation intentions on goal attainment [15] and medium to large changes (d=0.”
BackgroundMurray, D. W., Rosanbalm, K. D., Christopoulos, C., & Meyer, A. L. (2019) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-019-00556-1 · Cited by 80
Beatty, G. F., & Janelle, C. M. (2019) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2019.1695140 · Cited by 81
“Similarly, implementation intentions that direct individuals to generate ‘if-then’ plans to dealwith potential adversity (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) have proven effective in improving motor performance when the performers’ self-generated implementation intentions included plans to regulate…”
BackgroundWiedemann, A. U., Lippke, S., Reuter, T., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Schwarzer, R. (2009) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.724 · Cited by 70
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran’s (2006) meta-analysis attests to the beneficial effects of linking situational cues to behavioural responses on task performance in the laboratory (dþ1⁄4 .”
Crăciun, I. C., Schüz, N., Lippke, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9153-x · Cited by 64
“Meta-analyses have summarized the findings on the effects of planning (or “implementation intentions”) on health behaviors (for an overview, see Gollwitzer and Sheeran [15]).”
BackgroundThe benefit of no choice: goal-directed plans enhance perceptual processing
Janczyk, M., Dambacher, M., Bieleke, M., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2014) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0549-5 · Cited by 64
Self-citationMental contrasting of a dieting wish improves self-reported health behaviour
Johannessen, K. B., Oettingen, G., & Mayer, D. (2012) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.626038 · Cited by 67
“Such planning may appear as process simulations (Taylor, Pham, Rivkin, & Armor, 1998 ), or as implementation intentions or if–then planning (Gollwitzer, 1999 ; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundMore Than a Penny Saved: Long‐Term Changes in Behavior Among Savings Program Participants
Loibl, C., Grinstein‐Weiss, M., Zhan, M., & Bird, B. R. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01159.x · Cited by 64
The Quality of MOOCs: How to Improve the Design of Open Education and Online Courses for Learners?
Stracke, C. M. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58509-3_23 · Cited by 82
Wang, L., Wang, Z., Wang, X., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101080 · Cited by 63
Armitage, C. J., Rahim, W. A., Rowe, R., & O'Connor, R. C. (2016) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.162495 · Cited by 63
“Gollwitzer & Sheeran 8 identified 94 independent tests of implementation intentions (including laboratory tests) that yielded an average effect size of d =0.65.”
BackgroundInfluentialDeterminant Factors of Public Acceptance of Stress Management Apps: Survey Study
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Hennemann, S., Fritsche, L., Drüge, M., & Breil, B. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/15373 · Cited by 63
“This cannot address the well-known problem of the intention-behavior gap (eg, [126]), in which attitude strength related to personal relevance and experience has been suggested as a factor to bridge this gap in technology use [127].”
Kim, R., Roberson, L., Russo, M., & Briganti, P. (2018) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/0021886318800997 · Cited by 66
Understanding Patient Factors to Increase Uptake of Cancer Screening: a Review
Young, B., & Robb, K. A. (2021) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2020-1078 · Cited by 66
A holistic literature review on entrepreneurial Intention: A scientometric approach
Canino, R. M. B., Santana-Hernández, L., & Medina-Brito, P. (2024) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114480 · Cited by 73
The Time for Action is Now: Subjective Temporal Proximity Enhances Pursuit of Remote-Future Goals
Bashir, N. Y., Wilson, A. E., Lockwood, P., Chasteen, A. L., & Alisat, S. (2014) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2014.32.1.83 · Cited by 61
Plotnikoff, R. C., Lubans, D. R., Costigan, S. A., & McCargar, L. J. (2012) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198112455642 · Cited by 63
“Investigations on the intention–behavior relationship reveal that intentions do not always translate into behavior (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundDoes episodic future thinking improve prospective remembering?
Neroni, M. A., Gamboz, N., & Brandimonte, M. A. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2013.12.001 · Cited by 62
Brickell, T. A., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2007) · Psychology of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.11.001 · Cited by 62
Wang, G., Wang, Y., & Gai, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.565202 · Cited by 62
“First, in contrast to meta-analyses that included laboratory, related, and intervention studies that found medium to large effect size (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006), meta-analytical studies have found that mental contrasting interventions alone (Cross and Sheffield, 2019), or implementation intentions interventions a…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEffects of Rest-Break Intention on Rest-Break Frequency and Work-Related Fatigue
Blasche, G., Pasalic, S., Bauböck, V.-M., Haluza, D., & Schoberberger, R. (2016) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720816671605 · Cited by 72
“…to perform particular behaviors or to obtain certain outcomes” (Webb & Sheeran, 2006) and have been found to predict subsequent behavior significantly (Godin & Kok, 1996; Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Sheeran, 2002), although by no means exclusively (Webb & Sheeran, 2006).”
InfluentialWang, L. D., Lam, W., & Fielding, R. (2017) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.021 · Cited by 62
Long-term members’ use of fitness centers: a qualitative study
Riseth, L., Nøst, T. H., Nilsen, T. I. L., & Steinsbekk, A. (2019) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-019-0114-z · Cited by 76
Simpson, S. A., Matthews, L., Pugmire, J., McConnachie, A., McIntosh, E., Coulman, E., Hughes, K., Kelson, M. J., Morgan‐Trimmer, S., Murphy, S., et al. (2020) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/phr08030 · Cited by 64
Wang, W., Mo, T., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106111 · Cited by 63
Biwer, F., de Bruin, A. B. H., & Persky, A. M. (2022) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-022-10149-z · Cited by 82
“The remediation pathway involved developing new implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) on how they would study for the next examination and completing a calendar of when they would study for the next midterm examination.”
MethodPetróczi, A. (2013) · Performance Enhancement & Health · doi:10.1016/j.peh.2014.06.001 · Cited by 71
Teng, Y., & Mak, W. W. S. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022023 · Cited by 67
Synergistic Effects of Planning and Self-Efficacy on Physical Activity
Koring, M., Richert, J., Lippke, S., Parschau, L., Reuter, T., & Schwarzer, R. (2011) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198111417621 · Cited by 73
“Metaanalyses have summarized the findings on the effects of planning on health behaviors (for an overview, see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundLippke, S. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.15436/2376-0494.14.009 · Cited by 65
Sallis, A., Bunten, A., Bonus, A., James, A., Chadborn, T., & Berry, D. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0426-y · Cited by 60
“intended to address the intention-behaviour gap, (see [27] for review) through planning prompts.”
BackgroundEbert, D. D., Gollwitzer, M., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Baumeister, H., & Berking, M. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2511 · Cited by 61
“Participants develop a detailed plan including (1) highly relevant personal goals they want to achieve during the intervention phase, and (2) implementation intentions [41], including details on how and when they will achieve these goals.”
A green paradox: Validating green choices has ironic effects on behavior, cognition, and perception
Longoni, C., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2013.09.010 · Cited by 72
Self-citationGu, C., Chan, C. W. H., He, G., Choi, K. C., & Yang, S. (2012) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2012.04.005 · Cited by 61
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) suggest that motivation is the starting point for behavioral performance.”
BackgroundHill, C., Abraham, C., & Wright, D. B. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.024 · Cited by 60
“However, when this intervention was combined with an implementation intention prompt, greater behaviour change was observed (see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 for a meta-analysis of such studies).”
BackgroundSchüz, B., Wiedemann, A. U., Mallach, N., & Scholz, U. (2009) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01406.x · Cited by 61
“These plans have proven effective to change a wide range of behaviours (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006), and applications in the context of oral self-care behaviours also suggest that planning facilitates regular oral selfcare (Schiiz et al. 2006, Sniehotta et al. 2007, Astrl'lm 2008, Wiedemann et al.…”
BackgroundPlanning prompts increase and forecast course completion in massive open online courses
Yeomans, M., & Reich, J. (2017) · Proceedings of the Seventh International Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference · doi:10.1145/3027385.3027416 · Cited by 61
“Planning prompts encourage goal pursuers to elaborate on their implementation strategies while their intentions are still vivid [12, 39].”
BackgroundRadley, A., Tait, J., & Dillon, J. F. (2017) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.042 · Cited by 62
Direito, A., Walsh, D. M. J., Hinbarji, M., Albatal, R., Tooley, M., Whittaker, R., & Maddison, R. (2017) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198117742438 · Cited by 65
“…behavior; Ajzen, 1991) and motivational (i.e., self-determination theory; Ryan & Deci, 2000) processes by taking into account volitional processes (i.e., action planning; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) and the nonconscious/implicit processes of behavior (i.e., impulses; Strack & Deutsch, 2004).”
Backgroundde Bruijn, G., Nguyen, M. H., Rhodes, R. E., & van Osch, L. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.016 · Cited by 60
Changing Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory
Łuszczyńska, A., & Schwarzer, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.003 · Cited by 81
Robb, K. A. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101427 · Cited by 63
“Within behavioural science the intention-action gap is well-recognised (Orbell and Sheeran, 1998; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006), and so the I-SAM acknowledges that not everyone will progress from decided to act to acting resulting in people joining the decided not to act stage.”
BackgroundElliot, A. J., & Sommet, N. (2023) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-023-09785-7 · Cited by 67
8 How to Maximize Implementation Intention Effects
Gollwitzer, P. M., Wieber, F., Myers, A. L., & McCrea, S. M. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377798.003.0008 · Cited by 61
Self-citationLa volition et l’agentivité transformatrice : perspective théorique de l’activité
Engeström, Y., & Sannino, A. (2013) · Revue internationale du CRIRES innover dans la tradition de Vygotsky · doi:10.51657/ric.v1i1.41017 · Cited by 60
Sailer, P., Wieber, F., Pröpster, K., Stoewer, S., Nischk, D., Volk, F., & Odenwald, M. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0513-y · Cited by 60
“We observed no main effects of group, which has been our main hypothesis, and setting, both Fs [1, 24] < 1.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPlanning prompts as a means of increasing preventive screening rates
Milkman, K. L., Beshears, J. L., Choi, J. J., Laibson, D., & Madrian, B. C. (2012) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.10.021 · Cited by 60
“Past research has shown that prompting people to form plans about where and when they will complete an intended behavior increases engagement in activities ranging from voting to vaccination (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006; Nickerson and Rogers, 2010; Milkman et al., 2011).”
BackgroundGawrilow, C., Morgenroth, K., Schultz, R., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2012) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-012-9288-3 · Cited by 66
Self-citationWebb, T. L., Sheeran, P., & Pepper, J. (2010) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466610x532192 · Cited by 57
“Implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1993, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) are if–then plans that supplement goal intentions (e.g., ‘I will not to assume that Muslims are terrorists!’) by specifying (a) a good opportunity to act (e.g., ‘If Muslim names and peace appear together . . . ’), and…”
BackgroundSelf-citationPrefactual Thoughts: Mental Simulations about What Might Happen
Epstude, K., Scholl, A., & Roese, N. J. (2016) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000064 · Cited by 60
“…I hire someone to shovel my snow, then I can save effort”) brings relative value to the individual, it might be reified into an implementation intention, which is defined as a decision to undertake a particular action at a particular time and place (Goll-witzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundEffectiveness and Cost of Bidirectional Text Messaging for Adolescent Vaccines and Well Care
O’Leary, S. T., Lee, M., Lockhart, S., Eisert, S. L., Furniss, A., Barnard, J. G., Shmueli, D., Stokley, S. K., Dickinson, L. M., & Kempe, A. (2015) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1089 · Cited by 60
The Vivid Present: Visualization Abilities Are Associated with Steep Discounting of Future Rewards
Parthasarathi, T., McConnell, M. H., Luery, J., & Kable, J. W. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00289 · Cited by 59
“…which shows that imaging future goals alone does not improve success in achieving those goals, unless accompanied by making concrete plans as to how to achieve those goals (i.e., implementation intentions) (Oettingen, 2000; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006; Kappes et al., 2013; Oettingen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundWhy is Epistemic Evaluation Prescriptive?
Nolfi, K. (2013) · Inquiry · doi:10.1080/0020174x.2014.858418 · Cited by 59
Improving Lifelong Learning by Fostering Students’ Learning Strategies at University
Endres, T., Leber, J., Böttger, C., Rovers, S., & Renkl, A. (2020) · Psychology Learning & Teaching · doi:10.1177/1475725720952025 · Cited by 72
Varley, R., Webb, T. L., & Sheeran, P. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021889 · Cited by 58
“In a meta-analysis of 94 studies involving a wide variety of behavioral domains, implementation intentions had a medium-to-large effect (d 0.65) on the achievement of intended goals (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationErasmus, V., Kuperus, M. N., Richardus, J. H., Vos, M. D., Oenema, A., & van Beeck, E. F. (2010) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.04.024 · Cited by 57
Evidence that implementation intentions can overcome the effects of smoking habits.
Armitage, C. J. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000344 · Cited by 58
Kang, A. S., Jayaraman, K., Soh, K. L., & Wong, W. P. (2019) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2019.02.005 · Cited by 59
Shah, R., Hunt, J., Webb, T. L., & Thompson, A. R. (2014) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.12990 · Cited by 59
Simpson, S. A., McNamara, R. L., Shaw, C., Kelson, M. J., Moriarty, Y., Randell, E., Cohen, D. R., Alam, M. F., Copeland, L., Duncan, D., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19500 · Cited by 64
Stalbovs, K., Scheiter, K., & Gerjets, P. H. (2014) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.09.002 · Cited by 63
Cahir, C., Dombrowski, S. U., Kelly, C. M., Kennedy, M. J., Bennett, K., & Sharp, L. (2015) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-015-2685-x · Cited by 63
“teeth brushing), has been shown to increase the likelihood of the behaviour being performed in a range of health behaviours such as preventative screening and lifestyle changes [34].”
BackgroundGilinsky, A., Swanson, V., & Power, K. (2010) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2010.507894 · Cited by 59
“The literature on implementation intentions further highlights the beneficial effects on goal attainment from specifying the situational context in which behaviours will be performed (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundKoring, M., Richert, J., Parschau, L., Ernsting, A., Lippke, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2011) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2011.608809 · Cited by 65
“This discrepancy between intention and behavior is both a well-known problem of our daily life and a documented empirical finding (known as ‘Intention-Behavior Gap’; (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ; Scholz, Schuz, Ziegelmann, Lippke, & Schwarzer, 2008 ; Schwarzer, 2008 ; Sheeran, 2002 ; Sniehotta, Scholz, & Schwarzer, 20…”
Arbour, K. P., & Ginis, K. A. M. (2008) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440801930312 · Cited by 58
“Implementation intentions then take over from goal intentions as the post-motivational determinant of behaviour (Gollwitzer, 1993; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialModulating the neural bases of persuasion: why/how, gain/loss, and users/non-users
Vezich, I. S., Katzman, P. L., Ames, D. L., Falk, E. B., & Lieberman, M. D. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw113 · Cited by 62
“…1 suggest that these plans—which include how to perform the desired behavior—improve an individual’s chances at enacting the behavior (Gollwitzer, 1993; Gollwitzer and Brandst € atter, 1997; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006; Sniehotta et al. , 2006; Schwarzer, 2008; Hagger and Luszczynska, 2014).”
InfluentialMoors, A. (2017) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2017.1235900 · Cited by 70
“…(in which stimuli are repeatedly paired with responses without being followed by an outcome), and (c) the setting of implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).9 Dual process theories typically endorse a default-interventionist architecture (e.g., Wood & Neal, 2007; Wood &…”
BackgroundIf-then plans help regulate automatic peer influence on impulse buying
Thürmer, J. L., Bieleke, M., Wieber, F., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2020) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-05-2018-0341 · Cited by 74
Self-citationA concrete example of construct construction in natural language
Yeomans, M. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.10.008 · Cited by 61
Hauser, M., Jonas, K. W., & Riemann, R. (2011) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.322 · Cited by 57
Murgraff, V., Abraham, C., & McDermott, M. R. (2006) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl083 · Cited by 57
“The utility of forming implementation intentions has been demonstrated across a range of health behaviours (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006) and, given the ease with which this technique can be applied, it could be used to enhance the effectiveness of materials designed to promote reduction of RSSD…”
MethodWolff, W., Bieleke, M., Hirsch, A., Wienbruch, C., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Schüler, J. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34009-2 · Cited by 58
Self-citationHorne, R., Chan, A. H. Y., & Wileman, V. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315167534-11 · Cited by 58
Rosenthal, S. (2018) · Recycling · doi:10.3390/recycling3010005 · Cited by 56
Boosting: Empowering Citizens with Behavioral Science
Herzog, S. M., & Hertwig, R. (2024) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-020924-124753 · Cited by 73
Hierarchical Brain Networks Active in Approach and Avoidance Goal Pursuit
Spielberg, J. M., Heller, W., & Miller, G. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00284 · Cited by 58
Technology adoption decisions in the household: A seven‐model comparison
Brown, S. A., Venkatesh, V., & Hoehle, H. (2014) · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.23305 · Cited by 67
Psychological determinants of motorcycle helmet use among young adults in Cambodia
Brijs, K., Brijs, T., Sann, S., Trinh, T. A., Wets, G., & Ruiter, R. A. C. (2014) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2014.08.002 · Cited by 56
The Application of Coaching Techniques to Financial Issues
Collins, J. M., & O’Rourke, C. (2012) · Journal of Financial Therapy · doi:10.4148/jft.v3i2.1659 · Cited by 56
“0 2012 Financial Therapy Association 44 action, a process Grant, Cavanagh, and Parker (2010) described as the fundamental purpose of the coaching relationship.”
An exploration of the impact of computerized patient documentation on clinical collaboration
Weir, C. R., Hammond, K. W., Embí, P. J., Efthimiadis, E. N., Thielke, S. M., & Hedeen, A. N. (2011) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.01.003 · Cited by 56
“Narrative may support such a “simulation” in that the visual, individualized, spatial and time components evoke playing and manipulating the “image” in a way that supports both fast pattern-matching, sense-making [48] and “what if” thinking [49].”
BackgroundPrediction of stage transitions in fruit and vegetable intake
Wiedemann, A. U., Lippke, S., Reuter, T., Schüz, B., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Schwarzer, R. (2008) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyn061 · Cited by 56
“Planning facilitates action initiation by specifying ‘when’, ‘where’ and ‘how’ to perform the goal behavior [14–16].”
Łuszczyńska, A., Scholz, U., & Sutton, S. R. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.06.014 · Cited by 56
“Intentions to maintain a diet with a low saturated fat level may moderate the effects of the implementation intentions intervention [12].”
BackgroundLess is more: The effect of multiple implementation intentions targeting unhealthy snacking habits
Verhoeven, A. A. C., Adriaanse, M. A., de Ridder, D. T. D., de Vet, E., & Fennis, B. M. (2013) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.1963 · Cited by 55
Making if-then plans counteracts learned non-use in stroke patients: A proof-of-principle study
Marquardt, M. K., Cohen, A.-L., Gollwitzer, P. M., Gilbert, S. J., & Dettmers, C. (2017) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-170748 · Cited by 55
“A meta-analysis by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that forming implementation intentions has a medium-to-large effect on the rate of goal attainment.”
Self-citationSancho, M. P. L., Ramos-Rodríguez, A. R., & Vega, M. D. L. Á. F. (2022) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100631 · Cited by 65
de Bruijn, G., Verkooijen, K. T., de Vries, N. K., & van den Putte, B. (2012) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.008 · Cited by 55
If-Then Plans Benefit Delay of Gratification Performance in Children With and Without ADHD
Gawrilow, C., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2010) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-010-9309-z · Cited by 62
“We expected furthermore that a mere goal intention would have no effect at all because delay of gratification is particularly difficult for children with ADHD and goal intentions have only minor effects on goal accomplishment in difficult tasks (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEpisodic future thinking as a predictor of children’s prospective memory
Nigro, G., Brandimonte, M. A., Cicogna, P., & Cosenza, M. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.10.013 · Cited by 55
Kwak, L., Kremers, S., Werkman, A. M., Visscher, T. L. S., van Baak, M. A., & Brug, J. (2006) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00304.x · Cited by 54
“Implementation intentions can facilitate effective self-regulation of goal striving (59), as implementation intentions help people to deal with selfregulatory problems (60).”
BackgroundHidayat, R., Zulnaidi, H., & Zamri, S. N. A. S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206211 · Cited by 64
Hirschey, R., Bryant, A. L., Macek, C., Battaglini, C. L., Santacroce, S. J., Courneya, K. S., Walker, J. S., Avishai, A., & Sheeran, P. (2020) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000845 · Cited by 63
“…that our database did not include several key variables that predict physical activity after TPB variables have been taken into account, including anticipated regret (Sandberg & Conner, 2007), implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), and self-identity (Rhodes et al., 2016) .”
MethodSelf-citationThe role of action control and action planning on fruit and vegetable consumption
Zhou, G., Gan, Y., Miao, M., Hamilton, K., Knoll, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2015) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.03.022 · Cited by 54
“Thus, it is clear that people who are motivated to change their behavior often do not behave according to their intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Radtke, T., Łuszczyńska, A., Schenkel, K., Biddle, S., & Scholz, U. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5818-6 · Cited by 54
The Psychology of Effective Activism
Gulliver, R., Wibisono, S., Fielding, K. S., & Louis, W. R. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108975476 · Cited by 55
Troll, E. S., Venz, L., Weitzenegger, F., & Loschelder, D. D. (2021) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12352 · Cited by 78
“In turn, situation modification (e.g., Duckworth, White, et al., 2016), cognitive change (e.g., Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), and shortcut strategies (e.g., Galla & Duckworth, 2015) can help individuals attain their goals more effectively.”
BackgroundThøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Kritz, M., Grunseit, A. C., Chau, J. Y., Ahmadi, M., Holtermann, A., Koster, A., Tudor-Locke, C. E., Johnson, N. A., Sherrington, C., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01480-8 · Cited by 53
“One is the use of implementation intentions in which the person specifies where, when, and how to perform the behaviors [54], because it helps activate the automatic cue-response association.”
BackgroundSocial Psychology and the Fight Against AIDS
Fisher, W. A., Fisher, J. D., & Shuper, P. A. (2014) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800284-1.00003-5 · Cited by 56
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
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