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Cited by 328Hormonal and reproductive studiesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

Male hypogonadism

Basaria, Shehzad·2014·The Lancet
DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61126-5
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Abstract

Male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results from failure to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone, normal amounts of sperm, or both. Hypogonadism may arise from testicular disease (primary hypogonadism) or dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit (secondary hypogonadism). Clinical presentations vary dependent on the time of onset of androgen deficiency, whether the defect is in testosterone production or spermatogenesis, associated genetic factors, or history of androgen therapy. The clinical diagnosis of hypogonadism is made on the basis of signs and symptoms consistent with androgen deficiency and low morning testosterone concentrations in serum on multiple occasions. Several testosterone-replacement therapies are approved for treatment and should be selected according to the patient's preference, cost, availability, and formulation-specific properties. Contraindications to testosterone-replacement therapy include prostate and breast cancers, uncontrolled congestive heart failure, severe lower-urinary-tract symptoms, and erythrocytosis. Treatment should be monitored for benefits and adverse effects.

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Crossref · 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61126-5

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144 of 144 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the setting of testosterone deficiency (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism) are typically indicative of impaired spermatogenesis.

    “Elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the setting of testosterone deficiency (hypergonadatropic hypogonadism) is typically indicative of impaired spermatogenesis”

    From Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline (2018) · cites this paper as [6]

  • Androgens are needed during the male life span to promote masculine development/virilization and growth, and are of vital importance in reproductive functioning.

    “These androgens are, during the male life span, needed to promote masculine development/virilization and growth, and are of vital importance in reproductive functioning [166].”

    From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [166]

  • Symptoms of androgen deficiency vary according to age of onset, severity of T deficiency, androgen sensitivity and previous and/or current use of T replacement therapy.

    “Manifesting differently between male individuals, symptoms of androgen deficiency vary according to age of onset, severity of T deficiency, androgen sensitivity and previous and/or current use of T replacement therapy [166].”

    From Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology (2022) · cites this paper as [166]

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Authors
Basaria, S.
Affiliations
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Basaria, Shehzad
ORCID
Basaria, Shehzad
Venue
The Lancet
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-04
Volume
383
Issue
9924
Pages
1250-1263
ISSN
  • 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
  • 0140-6736
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61126-5
OpenAlex
W4211201846
Cited by
328
References
146
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
FWCI
2.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • The Lancet (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords
male hypogonadism, androgen deficiency, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, secondary hypogonadism, testosterone replacement therapy, spermatogenesis, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, testicular diseases, diagnosis, treatment monitoring, contraindications
MeSH terms
Contraindications, Administration, Cutaneous, Administration, Oral, Affect, Androgens, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Gels, Humans, Hypogonadism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Polycythemia, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Tablets, Testis, Testosterone, Bone Density, Patient Satisfaction, Early Diagnosis, Muscle Strength

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