Personalized dietary management of overweight and obesity based on measures of insulin and glucose
Open accessAbstract
During the past several decades, numerous trials have compared various diets for the management of overweight and obesity, assuming that a single dietary strategy would be appropriate for all individuals. These studies have failed to provide strong evidence for the efficacy of any particular diet, and it is likely that different people will have different levels of success on different diets. We identified studies investigating pretreatment glycemia or insulinemia status, or both, of the individual as prognostic markers of weight loss during periods in which the composition of a participant's diet was known. Overall, research suggests that providing specific diets for weight management based on pretreatment glycemia and insulinemia statuses holds great promise for advancing personalized nutrition.
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Individuals with high insulin secretion or other abnormalities of glucose homeostasis appear especially susceptible to adverse metabolic responses and weight gain when consuming a high-GL diet.
“Furthermore, studies suggest a unique diet–phenotype interaction, in that individuals with high insulin secretion or other abnormalities of glucose homeostasis appear especially susceptible to adverse metabolic responses and weight gain when consuming a high-GL diet (96, 105–110).”
From The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic (2021) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Hjorth, M. F., Zohar, Y., Hill, J. O., & Astrup, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Gelesis, Inc. (United States) (US)
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2018-08-21
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 245-272
- ISSN
- 0199-9885 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4312
- PMC
- PMC9105825
- OpenAlex
- W2807614902
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Annual Review of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056336, P30DK079626)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- personalized nutrition, obesity, overweight, weight loss, insulin levels, glycemia, dietary intervention, diet selection, prognostic factors, diet composition
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Weight Loss, Overweight, Precision Medicine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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