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Cited by 4,227Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchAmino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismIon Transport and Channel Regulation

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Glutamate uptake

Danbolt, Niels C·2001·Progress in Neurobiology
DOI 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8
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Abstract

Brain tissue has a remarkable ability to accumulate glutamate. This ability is due to glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of both glial cells and neurons. The transporter proteins represent the only (significant) mechanism for removal of glutamate from the extracellular fluid and their importance for the long-term maintenance of low and non-toxic concentrations of glutamate is now well documented. In addition to this simple, but essential glutamate removal role, the glutamate transporters appear to have more sophisticated functions in the modulation of neurotransmission. They may modify the time course of synaptic events, the extent and pattern of activation and desensitization of receptors outside the synaptic cleft and at neighboring synapses (intersynaptic cross-talk). Further, the glutamate transporters provide glutamate for synthesis of e.g. GABA, glutathione and protein, and for energy production. They also play roles in peripheral organs and tissues (e.g. bone, heart, intestine, kidneys, pancreas and placenta). Glutamate uptake appears to be modulated on virtually all possible levels, i.e. DNA transcription, mRNA splicing and degradation, protein synthesis and targeting, and actual amino acid transport activity and associated ion channel activities. A variety of soluble compounds (e.g. glutamate, cytokines and growth factors) influence glutamate transporter expression and activities. Neither the normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses no…

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Metadata

Authors
Danbolt, N. C.
Affiliations
University of Oslo (NO)
Corresponding author
Danbolt, Niels C
ORCID
Danbolt, Niels C
Venue
Progress in Neurobiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2001-09
Volume
65
Issue
1
Pages
1-105
ISSN
0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8
OpenAlex
W4210979710
Cited by
4,227
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 94 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 186 · 2019: 144 · 2018: 180 · 2017: 199 · 2016: 214 · 2015: 209 · 2014: 241 · 2013: 203 · 2012: 195
FWCI
11.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Keywords
glutamate uptake, glutamate transporters, brain, glial cells, neurons, neurotransmission, GABA synthesis, glutathione, energy metabolism, cytokines, neurological disorders, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, osteoporosis
MeSH terms
Ethanol, Anesthetics, Animals, Bone and Bones, Brain, Carrier Proteins, Extracellular Space, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Glutamine, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Humans, Intracellular Fluid, Ion Channels, Ischemia, Male, Mammals, Mercury Poisoning, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nervous System Diseases, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroglia, Neurons, Organ Specificity, Placenta, Potassium, Pregnancy, Protein Conformation, Sodium, Synapses, Viscera, Ion Channel Gating, HIV Infections, Ion Transport, Receptors, Glutamate, Neurotransmitter Agents, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Glutamic Acid, Amino Acid Transport System X-AG, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters, Rats

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