CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 4,227Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchAmino Acid Enzymes and MetabolismIon Transport and Channel Regulation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Glutamate uptake

Danbolt, Niels C·2001·Progress in Neurobiology
DOI 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Brain tissue has a remarkable ability to accumulate glutamate. This ability is due to glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of both glial cells and neurons. The transporter proteins represent the only (significant) mechanism for removal of glutamate from the extracellular fluid and their importance for the long-term maintenance of low and non-toxic concentrations of glutamate is now well documented. In addition to this simple, but essential glutamate removal role, the glutamate transporters appear to have more sophisticated functions in the modulation of neurotransmission. They may modify the time course of synaptic events, the extent and pattern of activation and desensitization of receptors outside the synaptic cleft and at neighboring synapses (intersynaptic cross-talk). Further, the glutamate transporters provide glutamate for synthesis of e.g. GABA, glutathione and protein, and for energy production. They also play roles in peripheral organs and tissues (e.g. bone, heart, intestine, kidneys, pancreas and placenta). Glutamate uptake appears to be modulated on virtually all possible levels, i.e. DNA transcription, mRNA splicing and degradation, protein synthesis and targeting, and actual amino acid transport activity and associated ion channel activities. A variety of soluble compounds (e.g. glutamate, cytokines and growth factors) influence glutamate transporter expression and activities. Neither the normal functioning of glutamatergic synapses no…

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8

Cites

19 of 19 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 19 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1205

  1. Aas, 1993, Redistribution of glutamate and glutamine in slices of human neocortex exposed to combined hypoxia and glucose deprivation in vitro, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 13, 503, 10.1038/jcbfm.1993.65 · DOI
  2. Adams, 1997, Alzheimer's disease research: a game of connect the dots, Gerontology, 43, 8, 10.1159/000213832 · DOI
  3. Agostinho, 1997, Impairment of excitatory amino acid transporter activity by oxidative stress conditions in retinal cells: Effect of antioxidants, FASEB J., 11, 154, 10.1096/fasebj.11.2.9039958 · DOI
  4. Aihara, 2000, Molecular cloning of a novel brain-type Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter, J. Neurochem., 74, 2622, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0742622.x · DOI
  5. Akbar, 1997, Expression of glial glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST is unchanged in the hippocampus in fully kindled rats, Neuroscience, 78, 351, 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00570-2 · DOI
  6. Akbar, 1998, Reduction of GABA and glutamate transporter messenger RNAs in the severe-seizure genetically epilepsy-prone rat, Neuroscience, 85, 1235, 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00684-2 · DOI
  7. Albrecht, 1996, Glutamate: a potential mediator of inorganic mercury neurotoxicity, Metab. Brain. Dis., 11, 175, 10.1007/BF02069504 · DOI
  8. Albrecht, 1993, The role of sulfhydryl groups and calcium in the mercuric chloride-induced inhibition of glutamate uptake in rat primary astrocyte cultures, Brain Res., 607, 249, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91513-R · DOI
  9. Alexander, 2000, Elevated cortical extracellular fluid glutamate in transgenic mice expressing human mutant (G93A) Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, J. Neurochem., 74, 1666, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0741666.x · DOI
  10. Allan, 1990, Synthesis and activity of a potent N-methyl-d-aspartic acid agonist, trans-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, and related phosphonic and carboxylic acids, J. Med. Chem., 33, 2905, 10.1021/jm00172a036 · DOI
  11. Allen, 1911, Surgery of experimental lesion of spinal cord equivalent to crush injury of fracture dislocation of spinal column, JAMA, 57, 878, 10.1001/jama.1911.04260090100008 · DOI
  12. Allen, 1993, Beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine in the presence of bicarbonate is an agonist at non-N-methyl-d-aspartate-type receptors, Neuroscience, 54, 567, 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90228-8 · DOI
  13. Alloul, 1998, Alzheimer's disease: a review of the disease, its epidemiology and economic impact, Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr., 27, 189, 10.1016/S0167-4943(98)00116-2 · DOI
  14. Almers, 1990, Transmitter release from synapses: does a preassembled fusion pore initiate exocytosis?, Neuron, 4, 813, 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90134-2 · DOI
  15. Amaral, 1981, Development of the mossy fibers of the dentate gyrus: I. A light and electron microscopic study of the mossy fibers and their expansions, J. Comp. Neurol., 195, 51, 10.1002/cne.901950106 · DOI
  16. Amato, 1994, Intracellular pH changes produced by glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal slices, J. Neurophysiol., 72, 1686, 10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1686 · DOI
  17. Anderson, 1990, Autoradiographic characterization of putative excitatory amino acid transport sites, Neuroscience, 38, 311, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90030-8 · DOI
  18. Anderson, 1991, Increased density of excitatory amino acid transport sites in the hippocampal formation following an entorhinal lesion, Brain Res., 562, 285, 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90633-7 · DOI
  19. Andrews, 1996, Plasmapheresis in Rasmussen's encephalitis, Neurology, 46, 242, 10.1212/WNL.46.1.242 · DOI
  20. Antal, 1991, Different populations of parvalbumin-D28k-immunoreactive and calbindin-D28k-immunoreactive neurons contain GABA and accumulate 3H-d-aspartate in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord, J. Comp. Neurol., 314, 114, 10.1002/cne.903140111 · DOI
  21. Aoki, 1998, Mutations in the glutamate transporter EAAT2 gene do not cause abnormal EAAT2 transcripts in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 43, 645, 10.1002/ana.410430514 · DOI
  22. Aparicio-Legarza, 1997, Deficits of [3H]d-aspartate binding to glutamate uptake sites in striatal and accumbens tissue in patients with schizophrenia, Neurosci. Lett., 232, 13, 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00563-6 · DOI
  23. Appel, 1993, Excitotoxic neuronal cell death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Trends Neurosci., 16, 3, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90039-O · DOI
  24. Appel, 1996, Immune-mediated cell death in neurodegenerative disease, Adv. Neurol., 69, 153
  25. Araque, 2000, SNARE protein-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes, J. Neurosci., 20, 666, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00666.2000 · DOI
  26. Arkwright, 1902, A family series of fatal and dangerous cases of icterus neonatorum — fourteen cases in one family, with four survivors, Edinb. Med. J., 2, 156
  27. Arriza, 1993, Cloning and expression of a human neutral amino acid transporter with structural similarity to the glutamate transporter gene family, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 15329, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82257-8 · DOI
  28. Arriza, 1994, Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex, J. Neurosci., 14, 5559, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05559.1994 · DOI
  29. Arriza, 1997, Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, a retinal glutamate transporter coupled to a chloride conductance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 4155, 10.1073/pnas.94.8.4155 · DOI
  30. Aschner, 1990, Interactions of methylmercury with rat primary astrocyte cultures — inhibition of rubidium and glutamate uptake and induction of swelling, Brain Res., 530, 245, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91290-W · DOI
  31. Aschner, 1993, Methylmercury-induced alterations in excitatory amino acid transport in rat primary astrocyte cultures, Brain Res., 602, 181, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90680-L · DOI
  32. Aschner, 1995, Astrocytes as potential modulators of mercuric chloride neurotoxicity, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 14, 637, 10.1007/BF02088673 · DOI
  33. Aschner, 2000, Methylmercury alters glutamate transport in astrocytes, Neurochem. Int., 37, 199, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00023-1 · DOI
  34. Asztely, 1997, Extrasynaptic glutamate spillover in the hippocampus: dependence on temperature and the role of active glutamate uptake, Neuron, 18, 281, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80268-8 · DOI
  35. Attwell, 1994, Neurobiology-glia and neurons in dialogue, Nature, 369, 707, 10.1038/369707a0 · DOI
  36. Auger, 2000, Fast removal of synaptic glutamate by postsynaptic transporters, Neuron, 28, 547, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00132-X · DOI
  37. Augustine, 1996, Exocytosis: proteins and perturbations, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 36, 659, 10.1146/annurev.pa.36.040196.003303 · DOI
  38. Azbill, 2000, Riluzole increases high-affinity glutamate uptake in rat spinal cord synaptosomes, Brain Res., 871, 175, 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02430-6 · DOI
  39. Back, 1998, Pathophysiology of the ischemic penumbra — revision of a concept, Cell. Mol. Neurobiol., 18, 621, 10.1023/A:1020265701407 · DOI
  40. Baddeley, 1986, Estimation of surface area from vertical sections, J. Microsc., 142, 259, 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1986.tb04282.x · DOI
  41. Bahn, 1994, Kainate receptor gene expression in the developing rat brain, J. Neurosci., 14, 5525, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05525.1994 · DOI
  42. Baker, 1993, Excitatory amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury in humans, J. Neurosurg., 79, 369, 10.3171/jns.1993.79.3.0369 · DOI
  43. Balcar, 1992, Na+-dependent high-affinity uptake of l-glutamate in cultured fibroblasts, FEBS Lett., 300, 203, 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80846-9 · DOI
  44. Balcar, 1972, Glutamate uptake by brain slices and its relation to the depolarization of neurones by acidic amino acids, J. Neurobiol., 3, 295, 10.1002/neu.480030403 · DOI
  45. Balcar, 1972, The structural specificity of the high affinity uptake of l-glutamate and l-aspartate by rat brain slices, J. Neurochem., 19, 2657, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01325.x · DOI
  46. Balcar, 1975, High affinity uptake of l-glutamine in rat brain slices, J. Neurochem., 24, 875, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb03650.x · DOI
  47. Balcar, 1992, Heterogeneity of high affinity uptake of l-glutamate and l-aspartate in the mammalian central nervous system, Life Sci., 51, 1467, 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90556-5 · DOI
  48. Balcar, 1977, Stereospecificity of the inhibition of l-glutamate and l-aspartate high affinity uptake in rat brain slices by threo-3-hydroxyaspartate, J. Neurochem., 28, 1145, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10682.x · DOI
  49. Balcar, 1994, Na+-dependent high affinity uptake of l-glutamate is primary cultures of human fibroblasts isolated from three different types of tissue, FEBS Lett., 339, 50, 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80382-X · DOI
  50. Balcar, 1995, Effects of l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate and l-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate on the binding of [3H]l-aspartate, [3H]alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), [3H]dl-(e)-2-amino-4-propyl-5-phosphono-3-pentenoate (CGP 39653), [3H]6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and [3H]kainate studied by autoradiography in rat forebrain, Neurochem. Int., 26, 155, 10.1016/0197-0186(94)00120-J · DOI
  51. Bannai, 1984, Transport of cystine and cysteine in mammalian cells, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 779, 289, 10.1016/0304-4157(84)90014-5 · DOI
  52. Bannai, 1986, Exchange of cystine and glutamate across plasma membrane of human fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem., 261, 2256, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)35926-4 · DOI
  53. Bannai, 1980, Transport interaction of l-cystine and l-glutamate in human diploid fibroblasts in culture, J. Biol. Chem., 255, 2372, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85901-X · DOI
  54. Bannai, 1981, Role of proton dissociation in the transport of cystine and glutamine in human diploid fibroblasts in culture, J. Biol. Chem., 256, 5770, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)69273-2 · DOI
  55. Bannai, 1984, Amino acid transport systems, Nature, 311, 308, 10.1038/311308b0 · DOI
  56. Bannai, 1984, Naming plan for membrane transport systems for amino acids, Neurochem. Res., 9, 1757, 10.1007/BF00968086 · DOI
  57. Bar-Peled, 1997, Distribution of glutamate transporter subtypes during human brain development, J. Neurochem., 69, 2571, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062571.x · DOI
  58. Barbour, 1997, Intersynaptic diffusion of neurotransmitter, Trends Neurosci., 20, 377
  59. Barbour, 1988, Electrogenic glutamate uptake in glial cells is activated by intracellular potassium, Nature, 335, 433, 10.1038/335433a0 · DOI
  60. Barbour, 1989, Arachidonic acid induces a prolonged inhibition of glutamate uptake into glial cells, Nature, 342, 918, 10.1038/342918a0 · DOI
  61. Barbour, 1991, Electrogenic uptake of glutamate and aspartate into glial cells isolated from the salamander (Ambystoma) retina, J. Physiol. (Lond.), 436, 169, 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018545 · DOI
  62. Barbour, 1994, Prolonged presence of glutamate during excitatory synaptic transmission to cerebellar Purkinje cells, Neuron, 12, 1331, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90448-0 · DOI
  63. Barton, 1998, An altered invariant chain protein with an antigenic peptide in place of CLIP forms SDS-stable complexes with class II alpha beta dimers and facilitates highly efficient peptide loading, Int. Immunol., 10, 1159, 10.1093/intimm/10.8.1159 · DOI
  64. Battaglia, 2000, Glutamine and glutamate exchange between the fetal liver and the placenta, J. Nutr., 130, 974S, 10.1093/jn/130.4.974S · DOI
  65. Baudry, 1981, Characterization of two [3H]glutamate binding sites in rat hippocampal membranes, J. Neurochem., 36, 811, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01666.x · DOI
  66. Baughman, 1980, Aspartate and glutamate as possible neurotransmitters of cells in layer 6 of the visual cortex, Nature, 287, 848, 10.1038/287848a0 · DOI
  67. Bazan, 1995, Mediators of injury in neurotrauma: intracellular signal transduction and gene expression, J. Neurotrauma, 12, 791, 10.1089/neu.1995.12.791 · DOI
  68. Beal, 1993, Do defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases, Trends Neurosci., 16, 125, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90117-5 · DOI
  69. Beckman, 1998, Neurotransmitter transporters: regulators of function and functional regulation, J. Membr. Biol., 164, 1, 10.1007/s002329900388 · DOI
  70. Beckstrøm, 1999, Interindividual differences in the levels of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT, but no clear correlation with Alzheimer's disease, J. Neurosci. Res., 55, 218, 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990115)55:2<218::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-L · DOI
  71. Behzadi, 1990, Afferents to the median raphe nucleus of the rat: retrograde cholera toxin and wheat germ conjugated horseradish peroxidase tracing, and selective d-[3H]aspartate labelling of possible excitatory amino acid inputs, Neuroscience, 37, 77, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90194-9 · DOI
  72. Bellocchio, 1998, The localization of the brain-specific inorganic phosphate transporter suggests a specific presynaptic role in glutamatergic transmission, J. Neurosci., 18, 8648, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08648.1998 · DOI
  73. Bellocchio, 2000, Uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles by an inorganic phosphate transporter, Science, 289, 957, 10.1126/science.289.5481.957 · DOI
  74. Bendahan, 2000, Arginine-447 plays a pivotal role in substrate interactions in a neuronal glutamate transporter, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 37436, 10.1074/jbc.M006536200 · DOI
  75. Bender, 1989, Beta-dl-methylene-aspartate, an inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase, potently inhibits l-glutamate uptake into astrocytes, Neurochem. Res., 14, 641, 10.1007/BF00964873 · DOI
  76. Benjamin, 1976, Cerebral uptakes and exchange diffusion in vitro of l- and d-glutamates, J. Neurochem., 26, 431, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb01493.x · DOI
  77. Bennett, 1973, Amino acids as central nervous transmitters: the influence of ions, amino acid analogues and ontogeny on transport systems for l-glutamic and l-aspartic acids and glycine into central nervous synaptosomes of the rat, J. Neurochem., 21, 1533, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb06037.x · DOI
  78. Benveniste, 1984, Elevation of the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and aspartate in rat hippocampus during transient cerebral ischemia monitored by intracerebral microdialysis, J. Neurochem., 43, 1369, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05396.x · DOI
  79. Benveniste, 1989, Ischemic damage in hippocampal CA1 is dependent on glutamate release and intact innervation from CA3, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 9, 629, 10.1038/jcbfm.1989.90 · DOI
  80. Berger, 2000, Detection and cellular localization of enterovirus RNA sequences in spinal cord of patients with ALS, Neurology, 54, 20, 10.1212/WNL.54.1.20 · DOI
  81. Berger, 1998, Comparative analysis of glutamate transporter expression in rat brain using differential double in situ hybridization, Anat. Embryol., 198, 13, 10.1007/s004290050161 · DOI
  82. Berger, 2000, Distribution of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in rat circumventricular organs, meninges and dorsal root ganglia, J. Comp. Neurol., 421, 385, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000605)421:3<385::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-S · DOI
  83. Berger, 2000, Distribution of the glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 in rat circumventricular organs, meninges and dorsal root ganglia, J. Comp. Neurol., 421, 385, 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(20000605)421:3<385::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-S · DOI
  84. Bergles, 1997, Synaptic activation of glutamate transporters in hippocampal astrocytes, Neuron, 19, 1297, 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80420-1 · DOI
  85. Bergles, 1998, Glial contribution to glutamate uptake at Schaffer collateral-commissural synapses in the hippocampus, J. Neurosci., 18, 7709, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07709.1998 · DOI
  86. Bergles, 1997, Glutamate transporter currents in Bergmann glial cells follow the time course of extrasynaptic glutamate, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 14821, 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14821 · DOI
  87. Bergles, 1999, Clearance of glutamate inside the synapse and beyond, Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 9, 293, 10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80043-9 · DOI
  88. Bergles, 2000, Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus, Nature, 405, 187, 10.1038/35012083 · DOI
  89. Berl, 1961, Amino acid and protein metabolism. VI. Cerebral compartments of glutamic acid metabolism, J. Neurochem., 7, 186, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1961.tb13503.x · DOI
  90. Berl, 1962, Metabolic compartments in vivo: ammonia and glutamic acid metabolism in brain and liver, J. Biol. Chem., 237, 2562, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)73788-0 · DOI
  91. Berman, 1997, Inhibition of glutamate transport in synaptosomes by dopamine oxidation and reactive oxygen species, J. Neurochem., 69, 1185, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69031185.x · DOI
  92. Berman, 1997, Domoic acid neurotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons is mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors that are activated as a consequence of excitatory amino acid release, J. Neurochem., 69, 693, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020693.x · DOI
  93. Bernstein, 1999, Regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters by extracellular GABA, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 889, 10.1074/jbc.274.2.889 · DOI
  94. Bertrand, 1992, Evidence for a glutamate receptor of the AMPA subtype which mediates insulin release from rat perfused pancreas, Br. J. Pharmacol., 106, 354, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14340.x · DOI
  95. Bertrand, 1993, Glutamate stimulates glucagon secretion via an excitatory amino acid receptor of the AMPA subtype in rat pancreas, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 237, 45, 10.1016/0014-2999(93)90091-U · DOI
  96. Bertrand, 1995, Glutamate stimulates insulin secretion and improves glucose tolerance in rats, Am. J. Physiol., 32, E551
  97. Besson, 1999, Identification and structural characterization of two genes encoding glutamate transporter homologues differently expressed in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster, FEBS Lett., 443, 97, 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01695-0 · DOI
  98. Bezzi, 1998, Prostaglandins stimulate calcium-dependent glutamate release in astrocytes, Nature, 391, 281, 10.1038/34651 · DOI
  99. Bigge, 1993, Structural requirements for the development of potent N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists, Biochem. Pharmacol., 45, 1547, 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90294-7 · DOI
  100. Billups, 1996, Modulation of non-vesicular glutamate release by pH, Nature, 379, 171, 10.1038/379171a0 · DOI
  101. Billups, 1996, Anion conductance behavior of the glutamate uptake carrier in salamander retinal glial cells, J. Neurosci., 16, 6722, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-21-06722.1996 · DOI
  102. Billups, 1998, Patch-clamp, ion-sensing, and glutamate-sensing techniques to study glutamate transport in isolated retinal glial cells, Methods Enzymol., 296, 617, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96044-X · DOI
  103. Biziere, 1980, Characterization of specific, high-affinity binding sites for l-[3H]glutamic acid in rat brain membranes, Brain Res., 183, 421, 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90476-X · DOI
  104. Bjørås, 1996, Cloning and expression of a neuronal rat brain glutamate transporter, Mol. Brain Res., 36, 163, 10.1016/0169-328X(95)00279-2 · DOI
  105. Blackman, 1998, Oligomeric state of human erythrocyte band 3 measured by fluorescence resonance energy homotransfer, Biophys. J., 75, 1117, 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77601-5 · DOI
  106. Blackstad, 1961, Special axo-dendritic synapses in the hippocampal cortex: electron and light microscopic studies of the layer of mossy fibers, J. Comp. Neurol., 117, 133, 10.1002/cne.901170202 · DOI
  107. Blakely, 1991, Vaccinia-T7 RNA polymerase expression system: evaluation for the expression cloning of plasma membrane transporters, Anal. Biochem., 194, 302, 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90233-J · DOI
  108. Blakely, 1998, Regulated phosphorylation and trafficking of antidepressant-sensitive serotonin transporter proteins, Biol. Psychiatry, 44, 169, 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00124-3 · DOI
  109. Blanc, 1998, 4-Hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, impairs glutamate transport in cortical astrocytes, Glia, 22, 149, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199802)22:2<149::AID-GLIA6>3.0.CO;2-2 · DOI
  110. Bleakman, 1999, Kainate receptor pharmacology and physiology, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 56, 558, 10.1007/s000180050453 · DOI
  111. Blei, 1999, Pathophysiology of cerebral edema in fulminant hepatic failure, J. Hepatol., 31, 771, 10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80361-4 · DOI
  112. Blitzblau, 1996, The glutamate transport inhibitor l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate indirectly evokes NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in rat cortical cultures, Eur. J. Neurosci., 8, 1840, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01328.x · DOI
  113. Bonanno, 1994, Release-regulating presynaptic heterocarriers, Prog. Neurobiol., 44, 451, 10.1016/0301-0082(94)90006-X · DOI
  114. Bonanno, 1993, Glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid modulate each other's release through heterocarriers sited on the axon terminals of rat brain, J. Neurochem., 61, 222, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03558.x · DOI
  115. Bonanno, 1994, Heterocarrier-mediated reciprocal modulation of glutamate and glycine release in rat cerebral cortex and spinal cord synaptosomes, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 252, 61, 10.1016/0014-2999(94)90575-4 · DOI
  116. Bondy, 1993, Oxidative stress induced by glutamate receptor agonists, Brain Res., 610, 229, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91405-H · DOI
  117. Borges, 1998, AMPA receptors: molecular and functional diversity, Prog. Brain Res., 116, 153, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)60436-7 · DOI
  118. Borowsky, 1995, Neurotransmitter transporters: molecular biology, function, and regulation, Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 38, 139, 10.1016/S0074-7742(08)60526-7 · DOI
  119. Bouvier, 1992, The glial cell glutamate uptake carrier countertransports pH-changing anions, Nature, 360, 471, 10.1038/360471a0 · DOI
  120. Bradford, 1978, Glutamine — a major substrate for nerve endings, J. Neurochem., 30, 1453, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb10477.x · DOI
  121. Braithwaite, 2000, Interactions between AMPA receptors and intracellular proteins, Neuropharmacology, 39, 919, 10.1016/S0028-3908(99)00171-9 · DOI
  122. Bramham, 1990, Distribution of glutamate-like immunoreactivity in excitatory hippocampal pathways: a semiquantitative electron microscopic study in rats, Neuroscience, 39, 405, 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90277-B · DOI
  123. Brandtzaeg, 1998, The increasing power of immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, J. Immunol. Methods, 216, 49, 10.1016/S0022-1759(98)00070-2 · DOI
  124. Bräuner-Osborne, 2000, Ligands for glutamate receptors: design and therapeutic prospects, J. Med. Chem., 43, 2609, 10.1021/jm000007r · DOI
  125. Bräuner-Osborne, 2000, A new structural class of subtype-selective inhibitor of cloned excitatory amino acid transporter, EAAT2, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 406, 41, 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00625-7 · DOI
  126. Breitkreutz, 2000, Effect of carnitine on muscular glutamate uptake and intramuscular glutathione in malignant diseases, Br. J. Cancer, 82, 399, 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0933 · DOI
  127. Bressan, 2000, Imaging the glutamatergic system in vivo — relevance to schizophrenia, Eur. J. Nucl. Med., 27, 1723, 10.1007/s002590000372 · DOI
  128. Breukel, 1997, Arachidonic acid inhibits uptake of amino acids and potentiates PKC effects on glutamate, but not GABA, exocytosis in isolated hippocampal nerve terminals, Brain Res., 773, 90, 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00918-9 · DOI
  129. Brew, 1987, Electrogenic glutamate uptake is a major current carrier in the membrane of axolotal retinal glial cells, Nature, 327, 707, 10.1038/327707a0 · DOI
  130. Bridges, 1991, Conformationally defined neurotransmitter analogues. Selective inhibition of glutamate uptake by one pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate diastereomer, J. Med. Chem., 34, 717, 10.1021/jm00106a037 · DOI
  131. Bridges, 1992, Gliotoxic actions of excitatory amino acids, Neuropharmacology, 31, 899, 10.1016/0028-3908(92)90128-C · DOI
  132. Bridges, 1993, Conformationally restricted inhibitors of the high affinity l-glutamate transporter, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 3, 115, 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80103-1 · DOI
  133. Bridges, 1994, A conformationally constrained competitive inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glutamate transporter in forebrain synaptosomes: l-anti-endo-3,4-methanopyrrolidine dicarboxylate, Neurosci. Lett., 174, 193, 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90019-1 · DOI
  134. Bridges, 1999, A pharmacological review of competitive inhibitors and substrates of high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transport in the central nervous system, Curr. Pharm. Des., 5, 363, 10.2174/138161280505230110101259 · DOI
  135. Brines, 1995, The cardiac glycoside ouabain potentiates excitotoxic injury of adult neurons in rat hippocampus, Neurosci. Lett., 191, 145, 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11577-J · DOI
  136. Bröer, 1998, Discrimination of two amino acid transport activities in 4F2 heavy chain- expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes, Biochem. J., 333, 549, 10.1042/bj3330549 · DOI
  137. Bröer, 1999, The astroglial ASCT2 amino acid transporter as a mediator of glutamine efflux, J. Neurochem., 73, 2184, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.02184.x · DOI
  138. Brookes, 1988, Specificity and reversibility of the inhibition by HgCl2 of glutamate transport in astrocyte cultures, J. Neurochem., 50, 1117, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb10581.x · DOI
  139. Brooks-Kayal, 1998, The glutamate transporter, GLT-1, is expressed in cultured hippocampal neurons, Neurochem. Int., 33, 95, 10.1016/S0197-0186(98)00018-7 · DOI
  140. Brose, 1990, A chloride-dependent and calcium-dependent glutamate-binding protein from rat brain — identification as a ubiquitous constituent of the inner mitochondrial membrane, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 10604, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)86989-7 · DOI
  141. Brown, 1995, The release of glutamate and aspartate from rat brain synaptosomes in response to domoic acid (amnesic shellfish toxin) and kainic acid, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 151, 49, 10.1007/BF01076895 · DOI
  142. Brown, 1998, Clinical significance of CSF glutamate concentrations following severe traumatic brain injury in humans, J. Neurotrauma, 15, 253, 10.1089/neu.1998.15.253 · DOI
  143. Brown, 1995, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent insights from genetics and transgenic mice, Cell, 80, 687, 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90346-1 · DOI
  144. Brown, 1997, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from genetics, Arch. Neurol., 54, 1246, 10.1001/archneur.1997.00550220050013 · DOI
  145. Buckman, 1999, Glutamate uptake in mice bred for ethanol withdrawal severity, Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 143, 174, 10.1007/s002130050933 · DOI
  146. Burger, 1989, Synaptic vesicles immunoisolated from rat cerebral cortex contain high levels of glutamate, Neuron, 3, 715, 10.1016/0896-6273(89)90240-7 · DOI
  147. Burger, 1991, GABA and glycine in synaptic vesicles — storage and transport characteristics, Neuron, 7, 287, 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90267-4 · DOI
  148. Butterfield, 1997, Beta-amyloid-associated free radical oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: implications for Alzheimer's disease, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 495, 10.1021/tx960130e · DOI · Paper page
  149. Butterworth, 1998, Effects of hyperammonaemia on brain function, J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 21, 6, 10.1023/A:1005393104494 · DOI
  150. Butterworth, 1998, Pathogenesis of acute hepatic encephalopathy, Digestion, 59, 16, 10.1159/000051414 · DOI
  151. Cagampang, 1996, Circadian variation of EAAC1 glutamate transporter messenger RNA in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei, Mol. Brain Res., 35, 190, 10.1016/0169-328X(95)00203-5 · DOI
  152. Cammack, 1996, Channel behavior in a gamma-aminobutyrate transporter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 723, 10.1073/pnas.93.2.723 · DOI
  153. Cammack, 1994, A GABA transporter operates asymmetrically and with variable stoichiometry, Neuron, 13, 949, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90260-7 · DOI
  154. Canton, 1998, Glutamate uptake is decreased tardively in the spinal cord of FALS mice, Neuroreport, 9, 775, 10.1097/00001756-199803300-00001 · DOI
  155. Cao, 1998, Amino acid residues that control pH modulation of transport-associated current in mammalian serotonin transporters, J. Neurosci., 18, 7739, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-19-07739.1998 · DOI
  156. Carlsson, 1997, Neurotransmitter aberrations in schizophrenia: new perspectives and therapeutic implications, Life Sci., 61, 75, 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00228-2 · DOI
  157. Carlsson, 1999, A glutamatergic deficiency model of schizophrenia, Br. J. Psychiatry, 174, 2, 10.1192/S0007125000293574 · DOI
  158. Carpenter, 1999, The schizophrenia ketamine challenge study debate, Biol. Psychiatry, 46, 1081, 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00194-8 · DOI
  159. Carrick, 1999, Protein kinase C modulation of the human excitatory amino acid transporter 2 subtype of glutamate transporter, Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 25, 426
  160. Carter, 2000, Prolonged synaptic currents and glutamate spillover at the parallel fiber to stellate cell synapse, J. Neurosci., 20, 4423, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04423.2000 · DOI
  161. Casado, 1991, Activation of high-affinity uptake of glutamate by phorbol esters in primary glial cell cultures, J. Neurochem., 57, 1185, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08278.x · DOI
  162. Casado, 1993, Phosphorylation and modulation of brain glutamate transporters by protein kinase C, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 27313, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)74251-3 · DOI
  163. Caspers, 1993, Alterations of cerebromicrovascular Na+,K+-ATPase activity due to fatty acids and acute hypertension, Brain Res., 602, 215, 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90685-G · DOI
  164. Catania, 1994, Metabotropic glutamate receptors are differentially regulated during development, Neuroscience, 61, 481, 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90428-6 · DOI
  165. Chalmers, 1990, Differential alterations of cortical glutamatergic binding sites in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 1352, 10.1073/pnas.87.4.1352 · DOI
  166. Chamberlin, 1998, Design and synthesis of conformationally constrained inhibitors of high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transporters, Methods Enzymol., 296, 175, 10.1016/S0076-6879(98)96014-1 · DOI
  167. Chan, 1999, Evidence for an astrocytic glutamate transporter deficit in hepatic encephalopathy, Neurochem. Res., 24, 1397, 10.1023/A:1022532623281 · DOI
  168. Chan, 2000, Effects of ammonia on glutamate transporter (GLAST) protein and mRNA in cultured rat cortical astrocytes, Neurochem. Int., 37, 243, 10.1016/S0197-0186(00)00026-7 · DOI
  169. Chan, 1983, Reductions of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate uptake and (Na++K+)-ATPase activity in brain slices and synaptosomes by arachidonic acid, J. Neurochem., 40, 309, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb11284.x · DOI
  170. Chancellor, 1992, Adult onset motor neuron disease — worldwide mortality, incidence and distribution since 1950, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 55, 1106, 10.1136/jnnp.55.12.1106 · DOI
  171. Chandler, 1999, Chronic ethanol upregulates NMDA and AMPA, but not kainate receptor subunit proteins in rat primary cortical cultures, Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 23, 363, 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04123.x · DOI
  172. Chaudhry, 1995, Glutamate transporters in glial plasma membranes: highly differentiated localizations revealed by quantitative ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, Neuron, 15, 711, 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90158-2 · DOI
  173. Chaudhry, 1999, Molecular analysis of system N suggests novel physiological roles in nitrogen metabolism and synaptic transmission, Cell, 99, 769, 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81674-8 · DOI
  174. Chavany, 1998, Transgenic mice for interleukin 3 develop motor neuron degeneration associated with autoimmune reaction against spinal cord motor neurons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, 11354, 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11354 · DOI
  175. Chenard, 1999, Antagonists selective for NMDA receptors containing the NR2b subunit, Curr. Pharm. Des., 5, 381, 10.2174/138161280504230110102541 · DOI
  176. Cheung, 1998, Micromolar l-glutamate induces extensive apoptosis in an apoptotic-necrotic continuum of insult-dependent, excitotoxic injury in cultured cortical neurones, Neuropharmacology, 37, 1419, 10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00123-3 · DOI
  177. Chicurel, 1992, Three-dimensional analysis of the structure and composition of CA3 branched dendritic spines and their synaptic relationships with mossy fiber boutons in the rat hippocampus, J. Comp. Neurol., 325, 169, 10.1002/cne.903250204 · DOI · Paper page
  178. Chittajallu, 1999, Kainate receptors: subunits, synaptic localization and function, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 20, 26, 10.1016/S0165-6147(98)01286-3 · DOI
  179. Cho, 1990, Uptake of glutamate and cystine in C-6 glioma cells and cultured astrocytes, J. Neurochem., 55, 2091, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb05800.x · DOI
  180. Choi, 1981, Radial glia of developing human fetal spinal cord: Golgi, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study, Brain Res., 227, 249, 10.1016/0165-3806(81)90112-7 · DOI
  181. Choi, 1992, Excitotoxic cell death, J. Neurobiol., 23, 1261, 10.1002/neu.480230915 · DOI
  182. Choi, 1990, The role of glutamate neurotoxicity in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death, Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 13, 171, 10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.001131 · DOI
  183. Choi, 1997, Expression of high-affinity neuronal and glial glutamate transporters in the rat optic nerve, Glia, 20, 184, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199707)20:3<184::AID-GLIA2>3.0.CO;2-8 · DOI
  184. Choi, 2000, Postfusional regulation of cleft glutamate concentration during LTP at ‘silent synapses’, Nat. Neurosci., 3, 330, 10.1038/73895 · DOI
  185. Christensen, 1992, Amino acid nutrition across the placenta, Nutr. Rev., 50, 13, 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1992.tb02455.x · DOI
  186. Christensen, 1992, The ontogeny of the uptake systems for glutamate, GABA, and glycine in synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain, Neurochem. Res., 17, 457, 10.1007/BF00969892 · DOI
  187. Clements, 1996, Transmitter timecourse in the synaptic cleft: its role in central synaptic function, Trends Neurosci., 19, 163, 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10024-2 · DOI
  188. Clements, 1992, The time course of glutamate in the synaptic cleft, Science, 258, 1498, 10.1126/science.1359647 · DOI
  189. Cohen, 1997, Sodium-dependent proline and glutamate uptake by hippocampal synaptosomes during postnatal development, Dev. Brain Res., 100, 230, 10.1016/S0165-3806(97)00045-X · DOI
  190. Collard, 1993, Changes in synaptosomal glutamate release during postnatal development in the rat hippocampus and cortex, Dev. Brain Res., 71, 37, 10.1016/0165-3806(93)90102-G · DOI
  191. Collingridge, 1989, Excitatory amino acid receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system, Pharmacol. Rev., 40, 143
  192. Conn, 1997, Pharmacology and functions of metabotropic glutamate receptors, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 37, 205, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.205 · DOI
  193. Conradt, 1995, Functional analysis of the high affinity, Na+-dependent glutamate transporter GLAST-1 by site-directed mutagenesis, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 25207, 10.1074/jbc.270.42.25207 · DOI
  194. Conradt, 1997, Inhibition of the high-affinity brain glutamate transporter GLAST-1 via direct phosphorylation, J. Neurochem., 68, 1244, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031244.x · DOI
  195. Conradt, 1995, Localization of N-glycosylation sites and functional role of the carbohydrate units of GLAST-1, a cloned rat brain l-glutamate/l-aspartate transporter, Eur. J. Biochem., 229, 682, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20514.x · DOI
  196. Conti, 1998, EAAC1, a high-affinity glutamate transporter, is localized to astrocytes and GABAergic neurons besides pyramidal cells in the rat cerebral cortex, Cereb. Cortex, 8, 108, 10.1093/cercor/8.2.108 · DOI
  197. Conti, 1999, Neuronal and glial localization of NR1 and NR2a/b subunits of the NMDA receptor in the human cerebral cortex, Cereb. Cortex, 9, 110, 10.1093/cercor/9.2.110 · DOI
  198. Cookson, 1999, Oxidative stress and motor neurone disease, Brain Pathol., 9, 165, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00217.x · DOI
  199. Cooper, 1997, Multiple roles of glutathione in the central nervous system, Biol. Chem., 378, 793
  200. Cooper, 1998, Structural selectivity and molecular nature of l-glutamate transport in cultured human fibroblasts, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 353, 356, 10.1006/abbi.1998.0626 · DOI

200 of 1205 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Danbolt, N. C.
Affiliations
University of Oslo (NO)
Corresponding author
Danbolt, Niels C
ORCID
Danbolt, Niels C
Venue
Progress in Neurobiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2001-09
Volume
65
Issue
1
Pages
1-105
ISSN
0301-0082 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00067-8
OpenAlex
W4210979710
Cited by
4,227
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 94 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 177 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 186 · 2019: 144 · 2018: 180 · 2017: 199 · 2016: 214 · 2015: 209 · 2014: 241 · 2013: 203 · 2012: 195
FWCI
11.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Progress in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Keywords
glutamate uptake, glutamate transporters, brain, glial cells, neurons, neurotransmission, GABA synthesis, glutathione, energy metabolism, cytokines, neurological disorders, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, osteoporosis
MeSH terms
Ethanol, Anesthetics, Animals, Bone and Bones, Brain, Carrier Proteins, Extracellular Space, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Glutamine, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Humans, Intracellular Fluid, Ion Channels, Ischemia, Male, Mammals, Mercury Poisoning, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nervous System Diseases, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroglia, Neurons, Organ Specificity, Placenta, Potassium, Pregnancy, Protein Conformation, Sodium, Synapses, Viscera, Ion Channel Gating, HIV Infections, Ion Transport, Receptors, Glutamate, Neurotransmitter Agents, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Glutamic Acid, Amino Acid Transport System X-AG, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review