The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Merkus, S. L., Coenen, P., Forsman, M., Knardahl, S., Veiersted, K. B., & Mathiassen, S. E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052751 · Cited by 23
Jiao, Y., Sun, Z., Fu, L., Yu, X., Jiang, C., Zhang, X., Liu, K., & Chen, X. (2022) · International Journal of Rail Transportation · doi:10.1080/23248378.2022.2086638 · Cited by 22
“Based on previous research [39,43], any point outside the range from 280 to 1500 ms was an outlier.”
Crossland, B. W., Rigby, B. R., Duplanty, A. A., King, G. A., Juma, S., Levine, N. A., Clark, C., Ramirez, K. P., & Varone, N. L. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10061133 · Cited by 22
“67 × age)) [42] on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Ergomedic 828E; Monark Figure 1.”
MethodPolechoński, J., Zwierzchowska, A., Makioła, Ł., Groffik, D., & Kostorz, K. (2022) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/39932 · Cited by 21
Hyodo, K., Kidokoro, T., Yamaguchi, D., Iida, M., Watanabe, Y., Ueno, A., Noda, T., Kawahara, K., Nishida, S., Kai, Y., et al. (2023) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/39898 · Cited by 27
“The predicted maximum HR was calculated using the following equation [22]: 208 – 0.”
MethodPeyrusqué, É., Buckinx, F., Kergoat, M., & Aubertin‐Leheudre, M. (2023) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2023.01.015 · Cited by 21
Effect of acute exercise on cognitive flexibility: Role of baseline cognitive performance
Mou, H., Tian, S., Yuan, Y., Sun, D., & Qiu, F. (2023) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2023.100522 · Cited by 25
Hooren, B. V., Mennen, B., Gronwald, T., Bongers, B. C., & Rogers, B. (2023) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2023.2277034 · Cited by 29
“…with 5 minutes of running at 7–9 km∙h −1 depending on whether the HR was 35–45% of the HR reserve (calculated by subtracting the resting HR from the estimated maximum HR [using the Tanaka equation (Tanaka et al., 2001)], multiplying the result with 0.4 and then adding this to the resting HR).”
InfluentialProut, E. C., Brooks, D., Mansfield, A., Bayley, M. T., & McIlroy, W. E. (2014) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.12.005 · Cited by 21
Stoller, O., Schindelholz, M., Bichsel, L., Schuster‐Amft, C., de Bie, R. A., de Bruin, E. D., & Hunt, K. J. (2013) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.3109/17483107.2013.785038 · Cited by 21
“hypertensive (systolic BP4210 mmHg or diastolic BP4115 mmHg) when exercising at high work rate, or hypotensive responses (decrease in BP410 mmHg) despite an increase in work rate, (b) individual Pmech below P*mech for 30 s, (c) age-predicted heart rate maximum [32], whereas the formula was adjusted accordingly to 70%…”
BackgroundGonzales, J. U., Wiberg, M., Defferari, E., & Proctor, D. N. (2014) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.005 · Cited by 21
“Walking speed (m/s) was calculated from the time to complete 400 m. Heart rate was recorded during the last lap of thewalk test using a Polarmonitor to calculate relative exercise intensity based on age-predicted maximum heart rate [208− (0.7 × age)] (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialAplicaciones de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima en la evaluación y prescripción de ejercicio
Marins, J. C. B., Marins, N., & Delgado‐Fernández, M. (2010) · Apunts Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.apunts.2010.04.003 · Cited by 30
“…47 Tanaka et al (1997) 84 Mujeres entrenadas resistencia aeróbica FCM¼199–0,56 edad 48 Tanaka et al (1997) 72 Mujeres sedentarias FCM¼207–0,60 edad 49 Tanaka et al (2001) 285 Hombres y mujeres sedentarias FCM¼211–0,8 edad 50 Tanaka et al (2001) Hombres y mujeres activas FCM¼207–0,7 edad 51…”
BackgroundInfluential“Tailored” Submaximal Step Test for VO2max Prediction in Healthy Older Adults
Pogliaghi, S., Bellotti, C., & Paterson, D. H. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2012-0171 · Cited by 21
“All of the 60 subjects completed the incremental cycling exercise, reaching on exhaustion a HRmax of 99% ± 7% of age-predicted value (Tanaka et al., 2001) and an Rmax of 1.”
BackgroundInfluentialParfitt, G., Olds, T., & Eston, R. G. (2015) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2015.10.002 · Cited by 26
“Maximal aerobic fitness was estimated in the study to avoid the negative affective response produced in a maximal test,(15) but it is acknowledged that there is error when extrapolating to an individual's HRmax.(33) As a result, fitness may have been under- or overestimated for some individuals, although across the st…”
MethodBampouras, T. M., & Dewhurst, S. (2016) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.02.017 · Cited by 21
Nightingale, C. M., Donin, A. S., Kerry, S. R., Owen, C. G., Rudnicka, A. R., Brage, S., Westgate, K. L., Ekelund, U., Cook, D. G., & Whincup, P. H. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011131 · Cited by 22
Maia, M. M., Gualano, B., de Sá‐Pinto, A. L., Sallum, A. M. E., Pereira, R. M. R., Len, C. A., Terreri, M. T., Barbosa, C. M. P. L., Roschel, H., & Silva, C. A. (2016) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.002 · Cited by 21
Aengevaeren, V. L., Hopman, M. T. E., Thijssen, D. H. J., van Kimmenade, R. R. J., de Boer, M., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2016) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.016 · Cited by 21
Cardiovascular Stress During Inpatient Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
Zbogar, D., Eng, J. J., Noble, J. W., Miller, W. C., Krassioukov, A. V., & Verrier, M. C. (2017) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2017.05.009 · Cited by 23
Psychophysiological effects of audiovisual stimuli during cycle exercise
Barreto‐Silva, V., Bigliassi, M., Chierotti, P., & Altimari, L. R. (2018) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1439534 · Cited by 24
Acute aerobic exercise improves memory across intensity and fitness levels
Zuniga, K. E., Mueller, M., Santana, A., & Kelemen, W. L. (2018) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2018.1546875 · Cited by 22
“VO2 max was defined as the highest recorded VO2 measurement when at least two of the three criteria were met: (1) plateau in VO2 despite an increase in workload, (2) respiratory exchange ratio ≥1.10, and (3) a heart rate within 10 bpm of age predicted maximum (208− [.7 * age]) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialExercise capacity in patients with cystic fibrosis vs. non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Bar‐Yoseph, R., Ilivitzki, A., Cooper, D. M., Gur, M., Mainzer, G., Hakim, F., Livnat, G., Schnapp, Z., Shallufi, G., Zucker‐Toledano, M., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217491 · Cited by 20
A Network Approach to Understanding the Emotion Regulation Benefits of Aerobic Exercise
Bernstein, E. E., Heeren, A., & McNally, R. J. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10039-6 · Cited by 25
Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank
Hillreiner, A., Baumeister, S. E., Sedlmeier, A. M., Finger, J. D., Schlitt, H. J., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2019) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-019-00575-6 · Cited by 25
Shoes with active insoles mitigate declines in balance after fatigue
Moon, J., Pathak, P., Kim, S., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58815-9 · Cited by 21
Stavrou, V. T., Astara, K., Daniil, Z. D., Gourgoulianis, K. I., Kalabakas, K., Karagiannis, D., & Βasdekis, G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17134810 · Cited by 27
Kern, K. L., Storer, T. W., & Schön, K. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25259 · Cited by 20
Does aerobic exercise intensity affect health‐related parameters in overweight women?
Botero, J. P., do Prado, W. L., Guerra, R. L. F., Speretta, G. F. F., Leite, R. D., Prestes, J., Varela-Sanz, A., Lyons, S., de Azevedo, P. H. S. M., Baldissera, V., et al. (2013) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12076 · Cited by 21
“The parameters used to verify exhaustion, and therefore VO2max achievement, were respiratory exchange ratio >1 1, rate of perceived exertion >18 and maximum HR <10 bpm of the age-predicted HRmax according to Tanaka et al. (2001).”
MethodReliability of peak running speeds obtained from different incremental treadmill protocols
Peserico, C. S., Zagatto, A. M., & Machado, F. A. (2014) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2013.876087 · Cited by 21
“7 × age)] (Tanaka et al., 2001) and (3) highest rating of perceived exertion value ≥19 in the 6–20 Borg scale (Howley, Bassett, & Welch, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBrien, S., Janssen, I., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-090 · Cited by 22
Maternal heart rate patterns in the first and second stages of labor
van Veen, T. R., Belfort, M. A., & Kofford, S. (2012) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01371.x · Cited by 21
“This formula is developed for healthy, unmedicated and nonsmoking adult humans and is independent of the habitual physical activity (20).”
BackgroundWezenberg, D., HAAN, A. D., van der Woude, L. H. V., & Houdijk, H. (2011) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20110125 · Cited by 21
Mendelsohn, M. E., Connelly, D. M., Overend, T. J., & Petrella, R. J. (2008) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20070161 · Cited by 21
Kirk, A. F., MacMillan, F., Rice, M., et al. (2013) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iws004 · Cited by 21
“…exertion levels (heart rate) were recorded continuously by downloadable heart rate monitors.1 Predicted heart rate maximum for each individual was determined using the equation 208 − (0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001) with the predicted heart rate being rounded down to the nearest whole number.”
MethodInfluentialSchnurr, T. M., Gjesing, A. P., Sandholt, C. H., Jonsson, A. E., Mahendran, Y., Have, C. T., Ekstrøm, C. T., Bjerregaard, A., Brage, S., Witte, D. R., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166738 · Cited by 24
“The submaximal heart rate response to exercise load was modeled as linear [19] and extrapolated to age-predicted maximal heart rate [20] to estimate VO2max (Study characteristics in Table 1).”
MethodRelation between arterial stiffness and aerobic capacity: Importance of proximal aortic stiffness
Tomoto, T., Maeda, S., & Sugawara, J. (2017) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1277787 · Cited by 21
Skin temperature changes after exercise and cold water immersion
Silva, Y. D. A., Santos, B. H., de Andrade, P. R., dos Santos, H. H., Moreira, D. G., Sillero‐Quintana, M., & Ferreira, J. J. D. A. (2017) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-017-0353-x · Cited by 21
“G1 group performed an aerobic exercise protocol consisting of 15 min running on a treadmill at 80% intensity of the age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) = 220 - age [30]; G2 group performed an anaerobic exercise protocol consisting of 100 Squat-jumps without any external weight (5 sets of 20 repetitions) with 2 mi…”
MethodOuyang, Y., & Luo, X. (2024) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106705 · Cited by 22
Application of Functional Data Analysis for the Prediction of Maximum Heart Rate
Matabuena, M., Vidal, J. C., Hayes, P. R., García, M. S., & Trillo, F. H. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2938466 · Cited by 22
“The standard deviation of residuals is very similar in all cases, although the best result was obtained by Tanaka equation [13].”
BackgroundResultAnalysis of human neutrophil phenotypes as biomarker to monitor exercise-induced immune changes
Spijkerman, R., Hesselink, L., Bertinetto, C. G., Bongers, C. C. W. G., Hietbrink, F., Vrisekoop, N., Leenen, L. P. H., Hopman, M. T. E., Jansen, J. J., & Koenderman, L. (2020) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.5a0820-436r · Cited by 20
Hyodo, K., Suwabe, K., Yamaguchi, D., Soya, H., & Arao, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.723243 · Cited by 23
“The age-predicted maximum HR was calculated using the following equation (Tanaka et al., 2001):”
MethodCaldo‐Silva, A., Furtado, G. E., Chupel, M. U., Letieri, R. V., Valente, P. A., Farhang, M., Barros, M. P., Bachi, A. L. L., Marzetti, E., Teixeira, A. M. A. J., et al. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111592 · Cited by 20
Ketelhut, S., Röglin, L., Martin‐Niedecken, A. L., Nigg, C. R., & Ketelhut, K. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11061570 · Cited by 20
Tjøsvoll, S. O., Wiggen, Ø. N., Gonzalez-Sanchez, V. E., Seeberg, T. M., Redzovic, S. E., Liaset, I. F., Holtermann, A., & Fimland, M. S. (2022) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxac052 · Cited by 20
Valet, M., Pierchon, L., & Lejeune, T. M. (2022) · International Journal of Rehabilitation Research · doi:10.1097/mrr.0000000000000556 · Cited by 20
Riper, S. M. V., Tempest, G. D., Piccirilli, A. M., Ma, Q., & Reiss, A. L. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003159 · Cited by 24
Williams, J. S., Stone, J. C., Masood, Z., Bostad, W., Gibala, M. J., & MacDonald, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00111.2023 · Cited by 23
Maximal Exercise Testing of Men with Prostate Cancer Being Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Wall, B. A., Galvao, D. A., Fatehee, N. N., Taaffe, D. R., Spry, N. A., Joseph, D. J., & Newton, R. U. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000353 · Cited by 21
Energy cost of spontaneous walking in Parkinson’s disease patients
Maggioni, M. A., Veicsteinas, A., Rampichini, S., et al. (2011) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-011-0827-6 · Cited by 20
“The estimated maximal VO2 was calculated by extrapolating the HR/VO2 relationship to the age-predicted theoretical maximal HR [13].”
MethodExercise testing in cystic fibrosis: Why (and how)?
Urquhart, D. (2011) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1258/jrsm.2011.s11102 · Cited by 20
Investigating a DTV-based physical activity application to facilitate wellbeing in older adults
Carmichael, A., Rice, M., MacMillan, F., & Kirk, A. F. (2010) · Electronic workshops in computing · doi:10.14236/ewic/hci2010.1 · Cited by 22
Body weight-supported training in Becker and limb girdle 2I muscular dystrophy
Jensen, B. R., Berthelsen, M. P., Husu, E., Christensen, S. B., Prahm, K. P., & Vissing, J. (2016) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.25039 · Cited by 20
Pedro, R. E., Guariglia, D. A., Okuno, N. M., Deminice, R., Peres, S. B., & de Moraes, S. M. F. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001454 · Cited by 22
Majerczak, J., Duda, K., Chłopicki, S., Bartosz, G., Zakrzewska, A., Balcerczyk, A., Smolenski, R. T., & Zoladz, J. A. (2016) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.933049 · Cited by 21
“Estimation of maximal heart rate (HRmax) Maximal heart rate (HRmax) was predicted for each subject from the formula developed by Tanaka et al. (2001).”
MethodKorshøj, M., Krause, N., Clays, E., Søgaard, K., Krustrup, P., & Holtermann, A. (2017) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpw197 · Cited by 20
Sex differences in oxidative stress after eccentric and concentric exercise
Więcek, M., Maciejczyk, M., Szymura, J., & Szyguła, Z. (2017) · Redox Report · doi:10.1080/13510002.2017.1304195 · Cited by 20
“We adopted the following criteria for attaining VO2max [29]:”
MethodRehman, S. S. U., Karimi, H., Gillani, S. A., Amjad, I., Ahmad, S., & Yaseen, A. (2017) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2017.10.003 · Cited by 20
Rundfeldt, L. C., Maggioni, M. A., Coker, R. H., Gunga, H., Riveros-Rivera, A., Schalt, A., & Steinach, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00035 · Cited by 24
“The average, maximum andminimumHRwere determined per each selected race period, and the values were normalized with respect to the individual age-related maximal HR (HRmax) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Diaz‐Manzano, M., Robles‐Pérez, J. J., Herrera-Mendoza, K., et al. (2018) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-018-0945-2 · Cited by 20
Morishita, S., Wakasugi, T., Tanaka, T., Harada, T., Kaida, K., Ikegame, K., Ogawa, H., & Domen, K. (2018) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4168-3 · Cited by 20
Pain and Injury in Elite Adolescent Irish Dancers
Cahalan, R., Bargary, N., & O’Sullivan, K. (2018) · Journal of Dance Medicine & Science · doi:10.12678/1089-313x.22.2.91 · Cited by 22
Description of training loads using whole-body exercise during high-intensity interval training
Machado, A. F., Evangelista, A. L., Miranda, J. M. Q., Teixeira, C. V. L. S., Rica, R. L., Lopes, C. R., Figueira-Júnior, A., Baker, J. S., & Bocalini, D. S. (2018) · Clinics · doi:10.6061/clinics/2018/e516 · Cited by 20
“(19) The intensity of the single session was measured using the RPE, which was assessed for each subject.”
BackgroundMethodMeyer, D., Körber, M., Senner, V., & Tomizuka, M. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology · doi:10.1109/tcst.2018.2852743 · Cited by 22
Respiratory Health in Adolescents Born Moderately-Late Preterm in a Community-Based Cohort
Vrijlandt, E. J. L. E., Reijneveld, S. A., Aris-Meijer, J., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.083 · Cited by 20
Effects of Exercise on EEG Activity and Standard Tools Used to Assess Concussion
Devilbiss, D. M., Etnoyer-Slaski, J. L., Dunn, E., Dussourd, C. R., Kothare, M. V., Martino, S., & Simon, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2019/4794637 · Cited by 19
AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION
de Carvalho, C. J., Marins, J. C. B., de Lade, C. G., Castilho, P. D. R., Reis, H. H. T., Amorim, P. R. D. S., & Lima, L. M. (2019) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220192502175333 · Cited by 24
Maximal Heart Rate for Swimmers
Olstad, B. H., Bjørlykke, V. O., & Olstad, D. S. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7110235 · Cited by 20
“After inspecting the data for possible abnormalities, maxHR was defined as the highest registered measurement during each protocol [25].”
MethodCebula, A., Tyka, A. K., Tyka, A., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230917 · Cited by 20
“VO2max was then estimated based on the predicted value of maximum heart rate (HRmax) calculated using formula 3 [30]:”
MethodLerche, A. F., Vilhelmsen, M., Schmidt, K. G., Kildedal, R., Launbo, N., Munch, P. K., Lidegaard, M., Jacobsen, S. S., Rasmussen, C. L., Mathiassen, S. E., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17207419 · Cited by 21
“The intensity of the physical activities was estimated by %HRR, i.e., the di ff erence between the estimated maximal heart rate and the resting heart rate, according to the equation proposed by Tanaka et al. [45].”
MethodMehta, R. K., Nuamah, J. K., Peres, S. C., & Murphy, R. R. (2020) · IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors · doi:10.1080/24725838.2020.1855272 · Cited by 21
Fontvieille, A., Parent-Roberge, H., Maréchal, R., Fülöp, T., Riesco, É., & Pavic, M. (2021) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2021.02.025 · Cited by 22
Hand weeding tools in vegetable production systems: an agronomic, ergonomic and economic evaluation
Tiwari, S. P., SINDEL, B. M., Smart, N. A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability · doi:10.1080/14735903.2021.1964789 · Cited by 20
“= HRmax observed HRmax expected ( ) × 100 where HRmax observed is the maximum recorded heart rate of the weeder while using each tool, and HRmax expected is the expected maximum heart rate of the weeder based on their age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialEvaluation of Fatigue of Respiratory and Lower Limb Muscles During Prolonged Aerobic Exercise
Nadiv, Y., Vachbroit, R., Gefen, A., Elad, D., Zaretsky, U., Moran, D. S., Halpern, P., & Ratnovsky, A. (2012) · Journal of Applied Biomechanics · doi:10.1123/jab.28.2.139 · Cited by 20
“…heart rate of 180 bpm was selected as a cardiac load criterion to stop the test based on the well-known physiological formula for predicting a maximally allowed heart rate as function of age, being SF × (220 beats per minute – age), where the safety factor (SF) was set as 90% (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodKorshøj, M., Lidegaard, M., Krustrup, P., Jørgensen, M. B., Søgaard, K., & Holtermann, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158547 · Cited by 20
“7 age) [46], and the resting HR (RHR) (HRR = HRmax−RHR) [9].”
Mikulić, P., & Bralic, N. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1329548 · Cited by 20
Sterrett, L. E., Schamberger, M. S., Ebenroth, E. S., Siddiqui, A. R., & Hurwitz, R. A. (2011) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-011-9975-y · Cited by 20
“A valid peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) test was defined when a patient had a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) [1.00 and either achieved 95% of age-predicted maximum heart rate (based on [208‐0.7(age)]) [14, 21 ] or stopped due to volitional exhaustion.”
MethodInfluentialExercise Physiology of Normal Development, Sex Differences, and Aging
Harms, C. A., Cooper, D. M., & Tanaka, H. (2011) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c100065 · Cited by 25
Self-citationArterial Stiffness and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Impairment in the Community
Nayor, M. G., Gajjar, P., Miller, P., Murthy, V. L., Shah, R. V., Houstis, N. E., Velagaleti, R. S., Larson, M. G., Vasan, R. S., Lewis, G. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.029619 · Cited by 21
“…CPET measures reflecting distinct physiologies: (1) VO 2 uptake kinetics (O 2 uptake efficiency slope, VO 2 / work); (2) cardiac stroke volume and peripheral O 2 extraction (peak O 2 pulse; log-transformed); and (3) autonomic function (% predicted maximum HR achieved using the Tanaka formula 19 ).”
MethodCarrick‐Ranson, G., Howden, E. J., Brazile, T. L., Levine, B. D., & Reading, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2022 · Cited by 20
Monteiro-Júnior, R. S., Figueiredo, L. F. D. S., Conceição, I., Carvalho, C. D. F., Lattari, E., Mura, G., Machado, S. E. D. C., & da Silva, E. B. (2014) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.2174/1745017901410010172 · Cited by 19
“These results corroborate the findings by Noah et al. [13], who found increases of 78% (145.87 ± 17.11 bpm), 83% (155.12 ± 15.27 bpm) and 85% (159.41 ± 13.91 bpm) in the predicted MHR (maximum HR) (187.80 ± 7.56 bpm) of twelve subjects testing a dance exergame (Dance Dance Revolution) with three different combinations.”
InfluentialLion, A., Backes, A., Duhem, C., Ries, F., Delagardelle, C., Urhausen, A. J. P., Vögele, C., Theisen, D., & Malisoux, L. (2020) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/1534735420914973 · Cited by 19
Hip and ankle kinematics are the most important predictors of knee joint loading during bicycling
Gatti, A. A., Keir, P. J., Noseworthy, M. D., Beauchamp, M., & Maly, M. R. (2020) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.07.001 · Cited by 23
Andrade, L. D. S., Almeida, I. D. S., Mochizuki, L., Sousa, C. V., Neto, J. H. F., Kennedy, M. D., Durigan, J. L. Q., & Mota, Y. L. (2020) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.12.007 · Cited by 24
Equations to Prescribe Bicycle Saddle Height based on Desired Joint Kinematics and Bicycle Geometry
Gatti, A. A., Keir, P. J., Noseworthy, M. D., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1902570 · Cited by 19
Nutrition for Older Athletes: Focus on Sex-Differences
Strasser, B., Pesta, D. H., Rittweger, J., Burtscher, J., & Burtscher, M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051409 · Cited by 25
“7 × age) in healthy sedentary and trained subjects, probably due to the decrease in intrinsic heart rate [20].”
BackgroundMolins, F., Serrano, M. Á., & Alacreu‐Crespo, A. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113459 · Cited by 20
Wilson, S. M. G., Maes, A. P., Yeoman, C. J., Walk, S. T., & Miles, M. P. (2021) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-021-01543-4 · Cited by 26
Connecting Humans and Robots Using Physiological Signals – Closing-the-Loop in HRI
Kothig, A., Muñoz, J. E., Akgun, S. A., Aroyo, A. M., & Dautenhahn, K. (2021) · IEEE RO-MAN · doi:10.1109/ro-man50785.2021.9515383 · Cited by 19
“At this time, the HR max was also calculated by using the following regression equation from Tanaka et al. [39].”
MethodMitigation of heat strain by wearing a long-sleeve fan-attached jacket in a hot or humid environment
Mori, K., Nagano, C., Fukuzawa, K., Hoshuyama, N., Tanaka, R., Nishi, K., Hashimoto, K., & Horie, S. (2022) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1002/1348-9585.12323 · Cited by 19
Franco, K. F. M., Miyamoto, G. C., Franco, Y. R. D. S., Salvador, E. M. E. S., do Nascimento, B. C. B., Menten, L. A., & Cabral, C. M. N. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2039 · Cited by 23
“Maximum heart rate (HRmax) was calculated indirectly by the Tanaka equation (HRmax = 208– 0.7 × age) (Lemos et al., 2010; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialDomaradzki, J., Koźlenia, D., & Popowczak, M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134204 · Cited by 26
Exercise Physiology and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Sietsema, K. E., & Rossiter, H. B. (2023) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1770362 · Cited by 26
Polechoński, J., Langer, A., Akbaş, A., & Zwierzchowska, A. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-00878-6 · Cited by 19
“The maximum heart rate (HR max ) was estimated before the study from the formula 208 − 0.7 × age [44].”
MethodInfluentialDiagnostic Exercise Challenge Testing
RANDOLPH, C. C. (2011) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-011-0225-4 · Cited by 19
Exercise testing in children: Comparison in ventilatory thresholds changes with interval‐training
Mucci, P., Baquet, G., Nourry, C., et al. (2012) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.22646 · Cited by 19
Reims, H. M., Sevre, K., Fossum, E., Mellem, H., Eide, I. K., & Kjeldsen, S. E. (2005) · Blood Pressure · doi:10.1080/08037050510034275 · Cited by 19
Smith, A. E., Evans, H. J. L., Parfitt, G., Eston, R. G., & Ferrar, K. (2015) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.09.023 · Cited by 19
Reliability of Peak Treadmill Exercise Tests in Mild Alzheimer Disease
Anderson, H. S., Kluding, P. M., Gajewski, B. J., Donnelly, J. E., & Burns, J. M. (2011) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2011.574762 · Cited by 20
Grigaliūnienė, A., Ramonas, A., Čelutkienė, J., Sileikienė, Rudys, A., Juocevičius, A., & Laucevičius, A. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 19
Farzanegi, P. (2014) · Research in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.18869/acadpub.rmm.2.2.34 · Cited by 19
“Also, a daily diet of 2500-3000 kcal was recommended, which included 50-55 percent carbohydrates, 25-30 percent fat, and 10-15 percent protein (24).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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