The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
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MethodSelf-citation
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Chen, Y., Yang, H., Li, D., Zhou, L., Lin, J., Yin, X., Yang, W., Gao, Y., Zhang, Q., Leng, S. X., et al. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108955 · Cited by 26
Respuesta psicofisiológica en un salto táctico paracaidista HAHO: caso de Estudio
Clemente‐Suárez, V. J., Delgado-Moreno, R., González-Gómez, B., et al. (2015) · Sanidad militar: revista de sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas de España · doi:10.4321/s1887-85712015000300004 · Cited by 23
Maggioni, M. A., Cè, E., Rampichini, S., Ferrario, M., Giordano, G., Veicsteinas, A., & Merati, G. (2009) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2009.04.015 · Cited by 23
Cardiovascular effects of strenuous exercise in adult recreational hockey: the Hockey Heart Study.
Atwal, S., Porter, J., & MacDonald, P. C. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 23
Post-exertional malaise in veterans with gulf war illness
Lindheimer, J. B., Stegner, A. J., Wylie, G. R., Klein‐Adams, J. C., Almassi, N. E., Ninneman, J. V., Riper, S. M. V., Dougherty, R. J., Falvo, M. J., & Cook, D. B. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.008 · Cited by 23
Parent-Roberge, H., Fontvieille, A., Maréchal, R., Wagner, J. R., Fülöp, T., Pavic, M., & Riesco, É. (2019) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100016 · Cited by 24
Fatigue assessment using ECG and actigraphy sensors
Bai, Y., Guan, Y., & Ng, W.-F. (2020) · International Symposium on Wearable Computers · doi:10.1145/3410531.3414308 · Cited by 28
“the following procedure: (1)detecting the R-points/R-peaks (in QRS complex); (2)computing the RRIs based on the detected R-points; (3) removing RRI outliers, i.e., the ones with the range 300-2000 ms [24] and the ones with a difference by more than 20% than the previous interval; (4)linearly interpolating the removed…”
MethodJandova, T., Narici, M. V., Šteffl, M., Bondi, D., D’Amico, M., Pavlů, D., Verratti, V., Fulle, S., & Pietrangelo, T. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10090184 · Cited by 27
“All volunteers performed a 5 min warm-up (at the beginning of each session) using a cycle ergometer (Bike 600XT PROTM, Technogym®, Gambettola, FC, Italy) at a light intensity (≤60% of their predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax)), calculated by the Tanaka formula [84] and monitored on the screen of the cycle ergometer.”
MethodCan HRV Biofeedback Improve Short-Term Effort Recovery? Implications for Intermittent Load Sports
Pérez-Gaido, M., Lalanza, J. F., Parrado, E., & Capdevila, L. (2021) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-020-09495-8 · Cited by 28
Ovchinnikov, A. G., Ageev, F. T., Alekhin, M. N., Belenkov, Y. N., Vasyuk, Y. A., Galyavich, A. S., Gilyarevskiy, S. R., Lopatin, Y. M., VIu, M., Mareev, Y. V., et al. (2021) · Kardiologiia · doi:10.18087/cardio.2020.12.n1219 · Cited by 24
Furtado, G. E., Letieri, R. V., Caldo‐Silva, A., Trombeta, J. C. D. S., Monteiro, C. I., Rodrigues, R. N., Pedrosa, A., Barros, M. P., Cavaglieri, C. R., Hogervorst, E., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.564490 · Cited by 25
“The maximum HR (HRmax) was calculated using a specific formula for older population (Tanaka et al., 2001): [Target Heart Rate = [(HRmax – resting HR) × %Intensity] + resting HR].”
MethodHottenrott, L., Ketelhut, S., Schneider, C., Wiewelhove, T., & Ferrauti, A. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2020-0604 · Cited by 27
Bellissimo, G. F., Ducharme, J. B., Mang, Z. A., Millender, D. J., Smith, J., Stork, M., Little, J. P., Deyhle, M. R., Gibson, A. L., Magalhães, F. D. C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.824154 · Cited by 23
A fitness training optimization system based on heart rate prediction under different activities
Zhu, Z., Li, H., Xiao, J. K., Xu, W., & Huang, M.-C. (2022) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.06.006 · Cited by 27
“Since the maximal heart rate has a strong relationship with age, we consider the age as a predictor of the maximal heart rate [25].”
Miegel, F. S., Bücker, L., Kühn, S., Mostajeran, F., Moritz, S., Baumeister, A., Lohse, L., Blömer, J., Grzella, K., & Jelinek, L. (2022) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-022-09992-5 · Cited by 23
Antikainen, E., Njoum, H., Kudelka, J., Branco, D., Rehman, R. Z. U., Macrae, V., Davies, K., Hildesheim, H., Emmert, K., Reilmann, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.968185 · Cited by 30
“The limits for HR and R-to-R interval are adopted from previous studies (Tanaka et al., 2001; Zhai et al., 2020).”
MethodD2 receptor blockade eliminates exercise-induced changes in cortical inhibition and excitation
Curtin, D., Taylor, E. M., Bellgrove, M. A., Chong, T. T. ‐., & Coxon, J. P. (2023) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2023.04.019 · Cited by 23
Milani, J. G. P. O., Milani, M., Cipriano, G. F. B., Hansen, D., & Cipriano, G. (2023) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001601 · Cited by 23
Matzke, I., Huhn, S., Koch, M., Maggioni, M. A., Munga, S., Muma, J. O., Odhiambo, C. O., Kwaro, D., Obor, D., Bärnighausen, T., et al. (2024) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/54669 · Cited by 22
“…data that showed significant bias or anomalies such as unusually high or low heart rate readings (>expected maximum heart rate or 30 bpm) [22,23] and body shell temperature measurements indicative of protein denaturation or hypothermia-triggered loss of consciousness [24] (detailed criteria…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSympathetic and haemodynamic responses to lipids in healthy human ageing
Florian, J. P., & Pawelczyk, J. A. (2010) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2009.050997 · Cited by 23
Korshøj, M., Clays, E., Lidegaard, M., Skotte, J. H., Holtermann, A., Krustrup, P., & Søgaard, K. (2015) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3259-9 · Cited by 23
López-Miñarro, P. Á., & Muyor, J. M. (2009) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2009.11.003 · Cited by 23
the ADDITION-Plus study team, Griffin, S. J., Simmons, R. K., Williams, K. M., Prevost, A. T., Hardeman, W., Grant, J. W., Whittle, F., Boase, S., Hobbis, I. C. A., et al. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-211 · Cited by 23
“A graded treadmill walk test was used for individual calibration of heart rate [47], a procedure which also provides an estimate of cardio-respiratory fitness by extrapolation of the HRVO2 relationship to age-predicted maximal heart rate [48].”
MethodInfluence of single bout of aerobic exercise on aortic pulse pressure
Sugawara, J., Komine, H., Miyazawa, T., Imai, T., & Ogoh, S. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-3061-0 · Cited by 23
“Recently, the increased central arterial PP has emerged as an important factor underlying the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD), arguably more so than peripheral arterial pressure (Roman et al. 2007, 2009, 2010; Safar et al. 2002).”
InfluentialCiolac, E. G., & Greve, J. M. D. (2011) · Clinics · doi:10.1590/s1807-59322011000400011 · Cited by 25
“Agepredicted maximal HR was determined using a standardized equation.(32) Reserve HR (HRRESERVE) was defined as the difference between HR at the end of the GXT (HRPEAK) and the resting HR (HRRESTING).”
MethodMuscle activity and pedal force profile of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion
Diefenthaeler, F., Coyle, E. F., Bini, R. R., et al. (2011) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.637125 · Cited by 23
“The initial workload was set for the cyclists to achieve 50% of the maximal estimated heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001) with increments of 10% every five minutes up to 90% of the predicted maximal heart rate.”
BackgroundBlack, N., Vehrs, P. R., Fellingham, G. W., et al. (2016) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1124969 · Cited by 23
Alternatives to Aerobic Exercise Prescription in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Oliveira, M. F., Zanussi, G., Sprovieri, B., Lobo, D. M. L., Mastrocolla, L. E., Umeda, I. I. K., & Sperandio, P. A. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20160014 · Cited by 23
Mansfield, A., Knorr, S., Poon, V., Inness, E. L., Middleton, L. E., Biasin, L., Brunton, K., Howe, J.-A., & Brooks, D. (2016) · Stroke Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2016/9476541 · Cited by 28
“The 11 study participants started the outpatient module of the PROPEL program, on average, 43.9 days after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation (range: 3–154 days).”
BackgroundInfluentialEl-Kader, S. M. A., & Al-Dahr, M. H. S. (2016) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v16i2.22 · Cited by 24
Physiological cost of concrete construction activities
Lee, W., & Migliaccio, G. C. (2016) · Construction Innovation · doi:10.1108/ci-10-2015-0051 · Cited by 23
Fialho, G. L., Pagani, A. G., Walz, R., Wolf, P., & Lin, K. (2017) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.04.014 · Cited by 24
“…is failure to achieve 85% of maximal heart rate predicted by age, calculated as 220 – age (Karnoven's formula) (Karvonen et al., 1957) or 208− (0.7 × age) (Tanaka's formula) (Tanaka et al., 2001) or 80% of the chronotropic index {(peak heart rate− rest heart rate)/(220 − age − rest heart rate)}.”
BackgroundInfluentialZhu, H., Pan, Y., Cheng, K.-T. T., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206170 · Cited by 23
“…identified by a threshold adaptive to the recent few R-peaks’ amplitude, and the position of an incoming peak is validated by determining whether the instantaneous heart rate calculated from the interval between the two most recent peaks exceeds the common maximum heart rate of 220 bpm [28].”
BackgroundBorges‐Machado, F., Ribeiro, Ó. M., Sampaio, A., Marques‐Aleixo, I., Meireles, J., & Carvalho, J. (2018) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317518813555 · Cited by 30
A model-based analysis of autonomic nervous function in response to the Valsalva maneuver
Randall, E. B., Billeschou, A., Brinth, L. S., Mehlsen, J., & Olufsen, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00015.2019 · Cited by 25
Nikniaz, L., Ghojazadeh, M., Nateghian, H., Nikniaz, Z., Farhangi, M. A., & Pourmanaf, H. (2021) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-021-00333-w · Cited by 24
Sol, J. A., West, M. R., Domitrovich, J. W., et al. (2021) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.wem.2021.02.004 · Cited by 23
“8,9,22,37 Moreover, these factors should be emphasized at a higher priority than aggressive fl uid delivery strategies; prior research has documented heat-related injury in a WLFF despite signi fi cant water consumption.”
BackgroundSpin Exercise Improves Semantic Fluency in Previously Sedentary Older Adults
Nocera, J. R., McGregor, K., Hass, C. J., & Crosson, B. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.23.1.90 · Cited by 23
Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Acid‐Base Balance During Exercise
Stickland, M. K., Lindinger, M. I., Olfert, I. M., Heigenhauser, G. J. F., & Hopkins, S. R. (2013) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00500.x · Cited by 22
“…multifactorial, and it is more likely that age-related declines in cardiovascular function (i.e., lower maximum heart rate and stroke volume) (287, 306), reduced skeletal muscle capillarity, oxidative capacity, and mass (36,166,173); and decline in neuromuscular function (168,288), collectively…”
Pórszász, J., Rambod, M., van der Vaart, H., Rossiter, H. B., Ma, S., Kiledjian, R., & Casaburi, R. H. (2013) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.070375 · Cited by 22
“With these results, we have demonstrated that it is physiologically feasible to combine high-intensity exercise with tolerability and avoid ventilatory limitation that was not felt to be possible even in most recent reviews (Tanaka et al. 2001; Troosters et al. 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialA 6-minute sub-maximal run test to predict VO2max
Matabuena, M., Vidal, J. C., Hayes, P. R., & Trillo, F. H. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1468149 · Cited by 24
“These predictive formulae were (i) the widely used 220 – age (ii) Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001) 208 – (0.7 · age) (iii) our own formula based on FDA (Matabuena, Vidal, Hayes, Saavedra-García, & Huellin-Trillo, 2018 under review).”
MethodInfluentialEvaluation for Fatigue and Accident Risk of Korean Commercial Bus Drivers
Kim, H., Jang, T. W., Kim, H., & Lee, S. (2018) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.246.191 · Cited by 22
Albelwi, T. A., Rogers, R. D., & Kubis, H. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.004 · Cited by 22
Heydenreich, J., Schütz, Y., Melzer, K., & Kayser, B. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11020458 · Cited by 22
“10, and an HR close (± 10 bpm) to the age-predicted maximum HR [41] were used to determine whether the participant reached maximal effort and VO2max [42].”
MethodChacko, S. C., Quinzi, F., Fano, A. D., Bianco, V., Mussini, E., Berchicci, M., Perri, R. L., & Russo, F. D. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.12.003 · Cited by 27
Russomando, L., Bono, V., Mancini, A., Terracciano, A., Cozzolino, F., Imperlini, E., Orrù, S., Alfieri, A., & Buono, P. (2020) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk5020041 · Cited by 28
Yabe, H., Kono, K., Onoyama, A., et al. (2021) · Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis · doi:10.1111/1744-9987.13628 · Cited by 22
Hu, M., Zeng, N., Gu, Z., Zheng, Y., Xu, K., Xue, L., Leng, L., Lu, X., Shen, Y., & Huang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.620958 · Cited by 27
Holler, P., Jaunig, J., Moser, O., Tuttner, S., Simi, H., Wallner, D., Amort, F. M., & van Poppel, M. N. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168593 · Cited by 24
Eken, Ö. (2021) · Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports · doi:10.15561/26649837.2021.0506 · Cited by 22
“Warm-up Protocols No Specific Warm-up Phase (NSW) After the participants were given detailed information about the test before the test started, the participants’ maximum heart rate was determined [14].”
BackgroundGatti, A. A., Keir, P. J., Noseworthy, M. D., et al. (2022) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-022-01004-8 · Cited by 22
Schaffarczyk, M., Rogers, B., Reer, R., & Gronwald, T. (2022) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00596-x · Cited by 28
Experimental study on physical exercise in diabetes: pathophysiology and therapeutic effects
Messina, G., Alioto, A., Parisi, M. C., Mingrino, O. G. M., Corrado, D. D., Crescimanno, C., Kuliś, S., Şahin, F. N., Padua, E., Canzone, A., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Translational Myology · doi:10.4081/ejtm.2023.11560 · Cited by 23
“21 The "group A" performed medium-intensity exercises in the first phase (first 2 months) and then at high intensity ( 75%).”
BackgroundInterdisciplinary intervention in obese children and impact on health and quality of life
Poeta, L. S., Duarte, M. D. F. D. S., Giuliano, I. D. C. B., et al. (2013) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2013.01.007 · Cited by 22
“7 x age).(24) The heart rate was followed individually through a Polar heart rate monitor (S610i) during all activities, seeking to ensure its maintenance within the recommended range.”
MethodAnalysis of the effects of physical task stress on the speech signal
Godin, K. W., & Hansen, J. H. L. (2011) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.3647301 · Cited by 22
“…RHR; (1) where HR is the current heart rate, RHR is the resting heart rate, l is the exertion level (ranging from 0.0 to 1.0), and MHR is the person’s maximum heart rate (in beats/min), estimated according to (Tanaka et al., 2001) MHR ¼ 208:9 0:7A; (2) where A is the age of the person in years.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThirapatarapong, W., Armstrong, H. F., & Bartels, M. N. (2014) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2013.12.005 · Cited by 23
de Lade, C. G., Marins, J. C. B., Lima, L. M., de Carvalho, C. J., Teixeira, R. B., Albuquerque, M. R., Reis, J. S., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2016) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0123-y · Cited by 22
Rasool, M. F., Khalil, F., & Läer, S. (2016) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.115.068858 · Cited by 22
“Compared with adults, children have higher frequency of heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001; Fleming et al., 2011) and a higher drug CL due to higher percentage of liver weight in relation to body weight (Noda et al.”
BackgroundOtsuki, T., Kotato, T., & Zempo‐Miyaki, A. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00379.2016 · Cited by 22
Zagatto, A. M., Nakamura, F. Y., Milioni, F., et al. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1273539 · Cited by 22
Exercise improves cytokine profile in HIV-infected people: A randomized clinical trial
Pedro, R. E., Cândido, N. B., Guariglia, D. A., Melo, B. P., Bertolini, D. A., Peres, S. B., & de Moraes, S. M. F. (2017) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.019 · Cited by 22
“Maximal heart rate (HRmax) was predicted at baseline according to the equation proposed by Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals [37] and aerobic training load was adjusted using heart rate reserve (HRres), calculated through the, following equations, respectively: = − ×HRmax 208 (age 0.7) = − × +HRres (HRmax HRrest) intensity H…”
MethodInfluentialChambela, M. C., Mediano, M. F. F., Ferreira, R. R., et al. (2017) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12939 · Cited by 22
Analysis of muscular activity and dynamic response of the lower limb adding vibration to cycling
Múnera, M., Bertucci, W., Duc, S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1398407 · Cited by 22
Impact of acute versus repetitive moderate intensity endurance exercise on kidney injury markers
Bongers, C. C. W. G., Alsady, M., Nijenhuis, T., Hartman, Y., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Deen, P. M. T., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13544 · Cited by 23
“%) was calculated by dividing the mean heart rate by the predicted maximal heart rate according to Tanaka’s formula (HRmax = 208–0.7*age) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodInfluentialTerink, R., Bongers, C. C. W. G., Witkamp, R. F., Mensink, M., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Gunnewiek, J. M. T. K., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2018) · Translational Sports Medicine · doi:10.1002/tsm2.23 · Cited by 22
Niedermeier, M., Grafetstätter, C., Kopp, M., Huber, D., Mayr, M., Pichler, C., & Hartl, A. J. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16020290 · Cited by 23
Lee, H., Chung, H., Kim, J.-W., & Lee, J. (2019) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2019.2894640 · Cited by 22
“This range covers the plausible HR of subjects of any age during both rest and intense physical activity [40], [41].”
BackgroundPerrin, T., Faure, C., Nay, K., Cattozzo, G., Sorel, A., Kulpa, R., & Kerhervé, H. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16224406 · Cited by 22
“Individual age-predicted maximal HR (HRmax) was determined using Equation (1) [19] and HR was expressed as a percentage of HRmax using Equation (2): HRmax = 208 − 0.”
MethodCavedon, V., Milanese, C., Marchi, A., & Zancanaro, C. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237887 · Cited by 27
Acute Physiological Responses to Ultra Short Race‐Pace Training in Competitive Swimmers
Williamson, D., McCarthy, E., & Ditroilo, M. (2020) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2020-0040 · Cited by 21
“Typically, the maximum heart rate is calculated by the (220 – age) equation (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodThe physiological impact of high‐intensity interval training in octogenarians with comorbidities
Blackwell, J., Gharahdaghi, N., Brook, M. S., Watanabe, S., Boereboom, C., Doleman, B., Lund, J. N., Wilkinson, D. J., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12724 · Cited by 24
“8% during HIIT Sessions 2, 6, and 10, respectively, confirming high-intensity exercise was being performed.(33) Participants completed an average of 11.”
BackgroundGrimsmo, J., Arnesen, H., & Mæhlum, S. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00931.x · Cited by 22
“HRmax decreased significantly with ageing in both age groups in our study, as shown by others (Åstrand, 1960; Saltin & Grimby, 1968; Åstrand et al., 1973; Robinson et al., 1976; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
ResultWilkie, S. S., Guenette, J. A., Dominelli, P. B., & Sheel, A. W. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2191-x · Cited by 22
“The criterion for V0O2peak was defined as a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) [1.15, maximal heart rate within 90% age-predicted (Tanaka et al. 2001) and a peak in V0O2 (\150 ml increase in V0O2 with increasing work rate) (Taylor et al. 1955).”
BackgroundInfluentialEstimating Maximum Heart Rate From Age
Jackson, A. S. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318054d3ca · Cited by 22
Ventilatory response to exercise of elite soccer players
Paco, A. D., Catapano, G. A., Vagheggini, G., Mazzoleni, S., Micheli, M. L., & Ambrosino, N. (2014) · Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1186/2049-6958-9-20 · Cited by 21
“[36].”
Oxborough, D., George, K., Cooper, R. M., Bhatia, R., Ramcharan, T., Zaidi, A., Gati, S., Prakash, K., Rakhit, D. J., Robinson, S., et al. (2025) · Echo Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/s44156-025-00069-0 · Cited by 26
“The design of the protocol should be aimed at pushing the athlete to a maximum HR (based on a value obtained from previous cardiopulmonary exercise testing or using the generally accepted equation of (220-athlete age) [162]).”
Modulation of Physiological Responses and Activity Levels during Exergame Experiences
Muñoz, J. E., Cameirão, M. S., Paulino, T., Badia, S. B. I., & Rubio, E. V. (2016) · International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications · doi:10.1109/vs-games.2016.7590353 · Cited by 21
“Some of the adaptation rules are based in HR thresholds defined by a specific target HR which can be approximated from the age and sex of the subject [31].”
BackgroundUsing a novel data resource to explore heart rate during mountain and road running
Best, A. W., & Braun, B. (2017) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13256 · Cited by 21
“HRmax was estimated using the Tanaka et al. (2001) equation for endurance trained men, 205—(0.6 x age).”
MethodInfluentialRosenblum, O., Katz, U., Reuveny, R., Williams, C. A., & Dubnov‐Raz, G. (2015) · Pediatric Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00246-015-1198-1 · Cited by 21
“7*age [40] multiplied by a factor of 0.”
BackgroundEffects of β-Blockers on Maximal Heart Rate Prediction Equations in a Cardiac Population
Godlasky, E., Hoffman, T. K., Weber-Peters, S. A., Bradford, R., Miller, N., Kunselman, A. R., & Lott, M. E. J. (2018) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000328 · Cited by 19
Huertas, F., Blasco, E., Moratal, C., & Lupiáñez, J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46524-x · Cited by 23
Thivel, D., Julian, V., Miguet, M., Pereira, B., Beaulieu, K., Finlayson, G., Richard, R., & Duclos, M. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112744 · Cited by 21
Caballero, Y., Ando, T., Nakae, S., Usui, C., Aoyama, T., Nakanishi, M., Nagayoshi, S., Fujiwara, Y., & Tanaka, S. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010216 · Cited by 22
“Therefore, we predicted HRmax using Tanaka’s equation [24].”
MethodDolati, S., NAMİRANİAN, K., Amerian, R., Mansouri, S., Arshadi, S., & Azarbayjani, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes19055 · Cited by 22
O’Kane, S. M., Carlin, A., Gallagher, A. M., Lahart, I. M., Jago, R., Faulkner, M., & MURPHY, M. H. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08600-0 · Cited by 21
“Walk leaders will be advised to check that their heart rate is > 135 bpm which indicates that they are walking at a brisk pace [71].”
BackgroundJebabli, N., Granacher, U., Selmi, M. A., et al. (2020) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports8050061 · Cited by 21
Energy Efficient Heartbeat-Based MAC Protocol for WBAN Employing Body Coupled Communication
Solt, F., Benarrouch, R., Tochou, G., Facklam, O., Frappé, A., Cathelin, A., Kaiser, A., & Rabaey, J. M. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028800 · Cited by 24
“It is assumed to fall in the range from HR min = 36 beats per minute (bpm) to HR max = 210 bpm [13], [14].”
BackgroundGarcés, L. G., Sánchez‐López, M. I., Cano, S. L., Meliá, Y. C., Marqués-Azcona, D., Biviá-Roig, G., Lisón, J. F., & Peyró-Gregori, L. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03761-3 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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