The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
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Impact of wearing a surgical and cloth mask during cycle exercise
Doherty, C. J., Mann, L. M., Angus, S. A., Chan, J. S., Molgat‐Seon, Y., & Dominelli, P. B. (2021) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0190 · Cited by 39
“…a 5-8 minute 19 submaximal exercise bout which involved a progressive increase in ergometer resistance until 20 heart rate (HR) reached a steady-state of 70% of the predicted maximum HR. Predicted max HR 21 was calculated using the Tanaka equation (208 – (0.7 x age of subject) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodInfluentialŁach, J., Wiecha, S., Śliż, D., Price, S., Zaborski, M., Cieśliński, I., Postula, M. A., Knechtle, B., & Mamcarz, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.695950 · Cited by 44
Shushan, T., Lovell, R. J., Buchheit, M., Scott, T. J., Barrett, S., Norris, D., & McLaren, S. J. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00564-w · Cited by 37
“7 × mean age [38]), and mean ages were assumed as 9, 12 and 16 years, respectively.”
MethodCardiovascular load assessment in the workplace: A systematic review
Dias, M., Silva, L., Folgado, D., Nunes, M. L., Cepeda, C., Cheetham, M., & Gamboa, H. F. S. (2023) · International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2023.103476 · Cited by 53
Effects of Musical Cadence in the Acute Physiologic Adaptations to Head-Out Aquatic Exercises
Barbosa, T. M., Sousa, V. F., Silva, A. J., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b296fd · Cited by 38
Effects of Exercise in the Cold on Ghrelin, PYY, and Food Intake in Overweight Adults
Crabtree, D. R., & Blannin, A. K. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000391 · Cited by 38
Caldo‐Silva, A., Furtado, G. E., Chupel, M. U., Bachi, A. L. L., Barros, M. P., Neves, R. S., Marzetti, E., Massart, A. G. M., & Teixeira, A. M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13041106 · Cited by 41
“The exercise intensity was indirectly calculated using the Karvonen’s formula to predict the target heart rate (HR), with HRmax being calculated by an adjusted formula for older persons [50].”
MethodYeh, T., Chang, K., Wu, C., Chen, C., & Chuang, I. (2021) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2021.1922045 · Cited by 40
“7 × age).(15) The exercise intensity progressed as the participants improved their performance.”
BackgroundHill, G., Johnson, F., Uy, J., Serrada, I., Benyamin, B., van den Berg, M., & Hordacre, B. G. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-40902-2 · Cited by 38
“Participants were monitored to ensure they stayed within 60–80% of maximum heart rate which was calculated using the formula: 208–(0.7 × age) 31 .”
MethodInfluentialMullins, A. K., Annett, L. E., Drain, J. R., et al. (2014) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2014.984775 · Cited by 37
“…was considered to have occurred when at least two of the following conditions were met: (i) an increase in VO2 # 2.0mL kg 21min21, despite an increase in workload; (ii) a HR within 10 bmin21 of the age predicted maximum (Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals 2001) and (iii) a respiratory exchange ratio .1.05.”
BackgroundInfluentialKeytsman, C., Dendale, P., & Hansen, D. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0328-5 · Cited by 38
“major disadvantage of this method is the fact that on an individual basis, the maximal HR during exercise testing can vary considerably, even in healthy subjects [25, 26].”
BackgroundGupta, N., Jensen, B., Søgaard, K., Carneiro, I. G., Christiansen, C. S., Hanisch, C., & Holtermann, A. (2014) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph110505333 · Cited by 37
“After two minutes, the workload was increased to elicit a steady—state heart rate of ≥60% of maximal heart rate [19].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSkin temperature changes of under-20 soccer players after two consecutive matches
Fernandes, A. D. A., Pimenta, E. M., Moreira, D. G., Sillero‐Quintana, M., Marins, J. C. B., Morandi, R. F., Kanope, T., & Garcia, E. S. (2017) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-017-0394-1 · Cited by 44
Coenen, P., Korshøj, M., Hallman, D., Huysmans, M. A., van der Beek, A. J., Straker, L. M., & Holtermann, A. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.01.011 · Cited by 37
“%HRR is expressed as a percentage of a person’s range in heart rate (Karvonen and Vuorimaa, 1988), considering their maximal heart rate (which is dependent on age (Tanaka et al., 2001)) and resting heart rate (dependent on cardiorespiratory fitness (Mackinnon et al., 2003)).”
BackgroundInfluentialNikolaidis, P. Τ., Rosemann, T. J., & Knechtle, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00226 · Cited by 40
“The most widely used formulas are those of Fox, Naughton, and Haskell (FoxHRmax = 220 − age) (Fox et al., 1971) and of Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (Tanaka-HRmax = 208 − 0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialFrench Society of Cardiology guidelines on exercise tests (part 1): Methods and interpretation
Marcadet, D.-M., Pavy, B., Bosser, G., Claudot, F., Corone, S., Douard, H., Iliou, M., Vergès-Patois, B., Amédro, P., Tourneau, T. L., et al. (2018) · Archives of cardiovascular diseases · doi:10.1016/j.acvd.2018.05.005 · Cited by 35
Hwang, J., Fernandez, A. M., & Lu, A. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7090268 · Cited by 38
Development of an Arrhythmia Monitoring System and Human Study
Lee, S.-Y., Huang, P.-W., Liang, M., et al. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/tce.2018.2875799 · Cited by 37
“Given that the maximum heart beats per minute (BPM) of adults do not exceed 220 [21], QRS detection can be defined as 109 points with a 400 Hz”
BackgroundCardiometabolic and Muscular Fatigue Responses to Different CrossFit® Workouts.
Maté‐Muñoz, J. L., Hernández-Lougedo, J., Barba, M., Cañuelo-Márquez, A. M., Guodemar‐Pérez, J., García-Fernández, P., Lozano-Estevan, M. D. C., Alonso-Melero, R., Sánchez-Calabuig, M. A., Ruíz-López, M., et al. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 46
Nelson, M. J., Buckley, J. D., Thomson, R. L., Clark, D., Kwiatek, R., & Davison, K. (2019) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-019-1836-0 · Cited by 37
ECG-based personal recognition using a convolutional neural network
Zhang, Y., Xiao, Z., Guo, Z., & Wang, Z. (2019) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2019.07.009 · Cited by 37
Electrocardiogram and Phonocardiogram Monitoring System for Cardiac Auscultation
Lee, S.-Y., Huang, P.-W., Chiou, J.-R., et al. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2019.2947694 · Cited by 37
“For a digital ECG signal with 400 Hz sampling rate, a 109-point window is enough to detect the heartbeats under 220 BPM [19].”
MethodMoreira, N. B., da Silva, L. P., & Rodacki, A. L. F. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111135 · Cited by 88
Arman, Z., Nikooy, M., Tsioras, P. A., Heidari, M., & Majnounian, B. (2021) · International Journal of Forest Engineering · doi:10.1080/14942119.2021.1868238 · Cited by 38
“Tanaka et al. (2001) have proven that the traditional formula overestimates HRmax in young adults, intersects with the “208–0.7∙age” equation at the age of 40 years and then increasingly underestimates HRmax with further increases in age.”
BackgroundInfluentialHendrikse, J. J., Chye, Y., Thompson, S. C. H., Rogasch, N. C., Suo, C., Coxon, J. P., & Yücel, M. (2021) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23397 · Cited by 39
Maeder, M. T., Ammann, P., Münzer, T., Schoch, O. D., Korte, W. C., Hürny, C., MYERS, J. N., & Rickli, H. (2008) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.10.040 · Cited by 40
“70⁎age [26].”
Maximal heart rate in soccer players: Measured versus age-predicted
Nikolaidis, P. Τ. (2014) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.4103/2319-4170.131397 · Cited by 39
MacKenzie, M. J., Carlson, L. E., Paskevich, D. M., Panteleimon Ekkekakis, A., Wurz, A. J., Wytsma, K., Krenz, K. A., McAuley, E., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2014) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.04.005 · Cited by 44
“The overall yoga session could be considered low-intensity exercise given participants in the current study worked at a maximum of 52% of their agepredicted maximal heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001) during the standing yoga sequence.”
Mistiaen, W. P., Roussel, N. A., Vissers, D. K., Daenen, L., Truijen, S., & Nijs, J. (2012) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.04.014 · Cited by 37
Ramírez-Maldonado, M., Jurado-Fasoli, L., del Coso, J., R. Ruiz, J., & Amaro-Gahete, F. J. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00400-6 · Cited by 36
“The criteria for deeming VO2max to have been reached were: (i) attaining a steady (increase < 2ml/kg/min) in VO2 despite a further increase in workload, (ii) showing a maximal heart rate between 10 bpm above and below the age-predicted maximum [33], and (iii) reaching a re-”
MethodClemente‐Suárez, V. J., & Robles‐Pérez, J. J. (2015) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2015.1036790 · Cited by 36
“HRmax was estimated using the formula proposed by Tanaka et al. (2001). Figure 3.”
MethodAerobic fitness influences cerebral oxygenation response to maximal exercise in healthy subjects
Oussaidene, K., Prieur, F., Tagougui, S., et al. (2014) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.10.009 · Cited by 36
Does clinical rehabilitation impose sufficient cardiorespiratory strain to improve aerobic fitness?
Koopman, A., Eken, M. M., van Bezeij, T., Valent, L., & Houdijk, H. (2013) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-1072 · Cited by 37
Accuracy of the vivofit activity tracker
Alsubheen, S., George, A. M., Baker, A., Rohr, L. E., & Basset, F. A. (2016) · Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1080/03091902.2016.1193238 · Cited by 42
“To determine the exercise intensity, maximal HR was calculated using the following equation:[15]”
MethodBonato, M., Galli, L., Passeri, L., Longo, V., Pavei, G., Bossolasco, S., Bertocchi, C., Cernuschi, M., Balconi, G., Merati, G., et al. (2017) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2095-9 · Cited by 38
“Each walking session consisted of 60 min at an intensity of 65–75% of maximal HR (HRmax) [12].”
MethodRozanski, G. M., Aqui, A., Sivakumaran, S., & Mansfield, A. (2018) · JMIR Cardio · doi:10.2196/cardio.8199 · Cited by 36
“7×age for all others [28]; n=3 and 26, respectively); or peak heart rate observed during the 2-day monitoring if higher than the age-predicted maximum (n=5).”
BackgroundLiepinsh, E., Makarova, E., Plakane, L., Konrāde, I., Liepins, K., Ozola, M., Sevostjanovs, E., Grı̄nberga, S., Makrecka‐Kuka, M., & Dambrova, M. (2020) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14489 · Cited by 37
Effects of face masks on performance and cardiorespiratory response in well-trained athletes
Egger, F., Blumenauer, D., Fischer, P., Venhorst, A., Kulenthiran, S., Bewarder, Y., Zimmer, A., Böhm, M., Meyer, T., & Mahfoud, F. (2021) · Clinical Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00392-021-01877-0 · Cited by 36
“1) were applied according to the current literature [16, 17].”
MethodFinger, J. D., Gößwald, A., Härtel, S., Müters, S., Krug, S., Hölling, H., Kuhnert, R., & Bös, K. (2013) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-013-1694-5 · Cited by 36
Hill, A. M., Worthley, C., Murphy, K. J., Buckley, J. D., Ferrante, A., & Howe, P. R. C. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507707286 · Cited by 36
Reliability of different models to assess heart rate recovery after submaximal bicycle exercise
Arduini, A., Gómez‐Cabrera, M. C., & Romagnoli, M. (2011) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.02.012 · Cited by 38
Validation of the firefighter WFI treadmill protocol for predicting VO2max
Dolezal, B. A., Barr, D., Boland, D. M., Smith, D. L., & Cooper, C. B. (2015) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqu189 · Cited by 36
“7 × age)) [13].”
Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Improves Performance-Related Parameters in Runners
Amaro‐Gahete, F. J., De‐la‐O, A., Sánchez‐Delgado, G., Robles‐González, L., Jurado‐Fasoli, L., Ruiz, J. R., & Gutiérrez, Á. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01576 · Cited by 37
“Heart rate (HR) was recorded every 5 s (Polar RS300, Kempele, Finland) and maximum heart rate (HRmax) was defined as the highest recorded HR value (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodVarady, K. A., Houweling, A. H., & Jones, P. J. H. (2006) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2006.06.002 · Cited by 36
Prediction of Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay in the MIMIC-IV Dataset
Hempel, L., Sadeghi, S., & Kirsten, T. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13126930 · Cited by 42
Sbriccoli, P., Sacchetti, M., Felici, F., et al. (2009) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.03.008 · Cited by 35
Functional mobility of older adults after concentric and eccentric endurance exercise
Gault, M. L., Clements, R. E., & Willems, M. E. T. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2338-4 · Cited by 34
Impact of a soccer match on the cardiac autonomic control of referees
Boullosa, D. A., Abreu, L., Tuimil, J. L., & Leicht, A. S. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2202-y · Cited by 34
The impact of obesity on physiological responses during prolonged exercise
Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Veltmeijer, M. T. W., Schreuder, T. H. A., Poelkens, F., Thijssen, D. H. J., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.277 · Cited by 35
Determinants of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness (from the Dallas Heart Study)
Pandey, A., Park, B. D., Ayers, C. R., Das, S. R., Gilchrist, S. C., Matulevicius, S. A., de Lemos, J. A., & Berry, J. D. (2016) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.05.043 · Cited by 38
Case Studies in Physiology: Maximal oxygen consumption and performance in a centenarian cyclist
Billat, V. L., Dhonneur, G., Mille-Hamard, L., Moyec, L. L., Momken, I., Launay, T., Koralsztein, J. P., & BESSE, S. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00569.2016 · Cited by 36
“2 (28): Maximal heart rate predicted beats/min 208 – 0.”
BackgroundAssessment of Exercise Capacity and Oxygen Consumption Using a 6 min Stepper Test in Older Adults
Jones, S. H. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00408 · Cited by 35
“We selected this equation because it included individuals up to 70 years old; unlike some alternative equations (Marley and Linnerud, 1976) Numerous equations have been reported to predict maximum heart rate with age, we chose two that have been widely used (Fox and Naughton, 1972; Tanaka et al., 2001); while all such…”
MethodInfluentialHigh-Intensity Exercise Enhances Conduit Artery Vascular Function in Older Adults
Iwamoto, E., Bock, J. M., & Casey, D. P. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001405 · Cited by 35
de Sousa, A. F. M., Medeiros, A. R., Benítez‐Flores, S., Rosso, S. D., Stults‐Kolehmainen, M., & Boullosa, D. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00241 · Cited by 37
“However, the formula currently used (Tanaka et al., 2001) is valid for this population, and confidence intervals for estimated and actual HR values reveal an absence of overlapping that reinforces the validity of this approach.”
MethodInfluentialPomportes, L., Brisswalter, J., Hays, A., & Davranche, K. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0865 · Cited by 38
Meyer, F. J., Borst, M. M., Buschmann, H., Claussen, M., Dumitrescu, D., Ewert, R., Friedmann‐Bette, B., Gläser, S., Glöckl, R., Haring, K., et al. (2018) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-0637-8593 · Cited by 37
“Obwohl sich in größeren Studien keine signifikante Gefährdung der PH-Patienten durch die Spiroergometrie zeigte, sollte bei PH-Patienten nach kürzlich stattgehabter Synkope oder bei einer deutlichen akuten Rechtsherzdekompensation von einer Belastungsuntersuchung abgesehen werden.”
BackgroundInfluentialPacing Strategies in the ‘Athens Classic Marathon’: Physiological and Psychological Aspects
Nikolaidis, P. Τ., & Knechtle, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01539 · Cited by 35
“7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001)] and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) Borg category-ratio scale (Borg, 1998) (secondary criteria) were used as criteria of VO2max.”
MethodHaller, J. C., Jang, Y. H., Haller, J., Shaw, L. A., & Wünsche, B. C. (2019) · Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference (ACSW) · doi:10.1145/3290688.3290752 · Cited by 37
“7 ∗ aдe [13, 41].”
High Prevalence of Exercise-induced Laryngeal Obstruction in a Cohort of Elite Cross-country Skiers
Irewall, T., Bäcklund, C., Nordang, L., et al. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002581 · Cited by 35
Schaffarczyk, M., Rogers, B., Reer, R., & Gronwald, T. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-05050-x · Cited by 40
Llorens, F., Sanabria, D., & Huertas, F. (2014) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000270 · Cited by 36
Storer, T. W., Bhasin, S., Travison, T. G., Pencina, K. M., Miciek, R., McKinnon, J., & Basaria, S. S. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4333 · Cited by 35
Parák, J., Uuskoski, M., Machek, J., & Korhonen, I. (2017) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7437 · Cited by 34
“7 × age [17]) were used for the VO2Max calculation.”
MethodVINCENT, T. L., Newton, J. R., DEATON, C. M., et al. (2006) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05531.x · Cited by 35
Adolfo, J. R., Dhein, W., & Sbruzzi, G. (2019) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.1590/1806-3713/e20180011 · Cited by 35
“The principles of training are exercise duration, frequency, progression, modality, individualization, and, especially, intensity, which is recognized as the key determinant of the physiological benefits gained from rehabilitation.(7) According to the American College of Sports Medicine,(8) moderate-intensity continuo…”
BackgroundIntelligent fatigue detection based on hierarchical multi-scale ECG representations and HRV measures
Mu, S., Liao, S., Tao, K., & Shen, Y. (2024) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106127 · Cited by 37
Tine, M. T. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00575 · Cited by 39
de Moraes, R., Bavel, D. V., Gomes, M. B., & Tibiriçá, E. V. (2016) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0191-9 · Cited by 36
“7 × age)] as described by Tanaka and colleagues [29].”
MethodEffect of Acute Exercise on Fatigue in People with ME/CFS/SEID
Loy, B. D., O’Connor, P. J., & Dishman, R. K. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000990 · Cited by 36
Stoller, O., de Bruin, E. D., Schindelholz, M., Schuster‐Amft, C., de Bie, R. A., & Hunt, K. J. (2015) · Neurology Report · doi:10.1097/npt.0000000000000095 · Cited by 36
“Extended Barthel Index (0-64) 39 ± 9 42 (27-54) 47 ± 7 46 (39-55) 0.”
InfluentialAndersen, L. N., Mann, S., Juul‐Kristensen, B., et al. (2017) · Medical Problems of Performing Artists · doi:10.21091/mppa.2017.2016 · Cited by 34
Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Brand, S., Pühse, U., & Colledge, F. (2018) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2018.1438575 · Cited by 43
Altavilla, G., D’Elia, F., & Raiola, G. (2018) · Sport Mont · doi:10.26773/smj.181018 · Cited by 36
Berglund, I. J., Sørås, S. E., Relling, B. E., Lundgren, K. M., Kiel, I. A., & Moholdt, T. T. (2018) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.018 · Cited by 36
Brouwer, R., Wondergem, R., Otten, C., & Pisters, M. F. (2019) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2019.1692251 · Cited by 34
“Aerobic training is usually performed at target heartrates between 50–85% of heart rate reserve for at least 20min per session [17,18].”
BackgroundBarbosa, A., Brito, J., Costa, J. A., Figueiredo, P., Seabra, A., & Mendes, R. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.06.014 · Cited by 33
Fujie, S. J., Hasegawa, N., Horii, N., Uchida, M., Sanada, K., Hamaoka, T., Padilla, J., Martinez‐Lemus, L. A., Maeda, S., & Iemitsu, M. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.020641 · Cited by 34
Behrendt, T., Bielitzki, R., Behrens, M., Glazachev, O. S., & Schega, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.899096 · Cited by 36
Physical task stress and speaker variability in voice quality.
Godin, K. W., & Hansen, J. H. L. (2015) · EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing · doi:10.1186/s13636-015-0072-7 · Cited by 32
“As considered in Godin and Hansen [20], the maximum heart rate is estimated as [70], where A is the age of the subject in years:”
BackgroundEl-Kader, S. M. A., & Al-Dahr, M. H. S. (2016) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v16i3.12 · Cited by 34
Effects of Three Different Chair-Based Exercise Programs on People Older Than 80 Years
Carral, J. M. C., Pallin, E., Orbegozo, A., & Pérez, C. A. (2017) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2017.1924 · Cited by 34
Intensity level for exercise training in fibromyalgia by using mathematical models
Lemos, M. C. D., Valim, V., Zandonade, E., & Natour, J. (2010) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-11-54 · Cited by 33
“Three models (1, 2, and 5) used the Karvonen’s formula [24] that estimates the HR of training, also taking into account HRB: “HR of training = HRB + % (HRMax - HRB)“.”
MethodThermoregulatory Response to Exercise After Exertional Heat Stroke
Sagui, E., beighau, S., Jouvion, A.-X., Trichereau, J., cornet, D., Berthelot, R.-C., Canini, F., & Grélot, L. (2017) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-16-00251 · Cited by 35
Henderson, C. E., Plawecki, A., Lucas, E., et al. (2022) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683221119759 · Cited by 33
“01; HIT > Trans > UC Minutes stepping/ hour pt 5 (0-16) 10 (0-19) 16 (8-24) <0.”
InfluentialComparisons of Age-Predicted Maximum Heart Rate Equations in College-Aged Subjects
Cleary, M. A., Hetzler, R. K., Wages, J. J., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182001832 · Cited by 33
“Age has been established as the best predictor of HRmax using large groups of heterogeneous subjects, and HRmax has been demonstrated to decrease with age (7,8,10,22).”
BackgroundInfluentialEspaña‐Romero, V., Golubić, R., Martin, K. R., Hardy, R., Ekelund, U., Kuh, D. J., Wareham, N. J., Cooper, R., Brage, S., & teams, O. B. O. T. N. S. A. D. C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087085 · Cited by 33
“The test was terminated earlier if HR reached 90% of age-predicted maximal HR [25] or had been above 80% of age-predicted maximal HR for .”
BackgroundGrélot, L., Koulibaly, F., Maugey, N., Janvier, F., Foissaud, V., Aletti, M., Savini, H., Cotté, J., Dampierre, H., Granier, H., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv585 · Cited by 33
“The theoretical maximal HR was calculated according to Tanaka et al [7] was 208 − (0.”
MethodInfluentialEffect of Running on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Reflux Mechanisms
Herregods, T. V. K., van Hoeij, F. B., Oors, J. M., Bredenoord, A. J., & Smout, A. J. P. M. (2016) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.122 · Cited by 33
Rey, O., Vallier, J., Nicol, C., Mercier, C.-S., & Maïano, C. (2016) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2016-0105 · Cited by 39
“7 × age)], a formula provided by Tanaka and colleagues (45).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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