The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Garcia, G. L., Porto, L. G. G., da Cruz, C. J. G., & Molina, G. E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277848 · Cited by 19
“During the submaximal treadmill exercise test, HR recording was initiated immediately before starting the exercise test (HRinitial) and stopped when participants reached 85% of their maximum predicted HR (HRpeak) by the Tanaka formula [23].”
MethodValidity and reliability of VO2-max testing in persons with Parkinson's disease
Bonde-Jensen, F., Dalgas, U., Brincks, J., & Langeskov‐Christensen, M. (2023) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105324 · Cited by 18
Allard, N. A. E., Janssen, L., Lagerwaard, B., Nuijten, M. A. H., Bongers, C. C. W. G., Rodenburg, R. J., Thompson, P. D., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Assendelft, W. J., Schirris, T. J. J., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.043 · Cited by 17
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“HRmax was predicted using the following formula: HRmax = (220 − age) [24].”
MethodThe Between-Day Reliability of Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability During Running
Hooren, B. V., Bongers, B. C., Rogers, B., & Gronwald, T. (2023) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-023-09599-x · Cited by 21
“…5 min of submaximal running at 7–9 km h −1 depending on whether the HR was 35–45% of the HR reserve (calculated by subtracting the resting HR from the estimated maximum HR [using the Tanaka equation (Tanaka et al., 2001)], multiplying the result with 0.4 and then adding this to the resting HR).”
MethodInfluentialIs it good to have a choice? The value of participatory order assignments in warehousing
Lombaert, T. D., Braekers, K., de Koster, R. B. M., & Ramaekers, K. M. (2024) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/ijopm-11-2023-0882 · Cited by 18
Savoie, F. A., Dion, T., Asselin, A., Gariepy, C., Boucher, P., Berrigan, F., & Goulet, E. D. B. (2015) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/36/2/259 · Cited by 16
“For the additional subjects purposely recruited for this study, maximal heart rate was estimated with the formula developed by Tanaka et al (2001).”
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Haykowsky, M. J., & Tymchak, W. J. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc070061 · Cited by 16
de Oliveira, N. A., Silveira, H., de Carvalho, A. O., Hellmuth, C. G. E. S., Santos, T. M., Martins, J. V., Cavalcanti, J. L. D. S., Laks, J., & Deslandes, A. C. (2013) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0101-60832013000300002 · Cited by 16
Teixeira, R. B., Marins, J. C. B., de Sá, A. R., de Carvalho, C. J., Moura, T. A. D. S., de Lade, C. G., Rizvanov, A. A., Kiyasov, A. P., Mukhamedyarov, M. A., Zefirov, A. L., et al. (2015) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164115602651 · Cited by 19
Kalina, R. M., & Barczyński, B. J. (2010) · Archives of Budo · Cited by 16
A lifelong competitive training practice attenuates age-related lipid peroxidation
Barranco-Ruíz, Y., Martínez‐Amat, A., Casals, C., Aragón‐Vela, J., Rosillo, S., Gomes, S. N., Rivas-García, A., Guisado, R., & Huertas, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s13105-016-0522-4 · Cited by 16
High physical fitness is associated with reduction in basal‐ and exercise‐induced inflammation
Kleiven, Ø., Bjørkavoll-Bergseth, M. F., Melberg, T. H., Skadberg, Ø., Bergseth, R., Selvåg, J., Auestad, B. H., Aukrust, P., Aarsland, T., & Ørn, S. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12878 · Cited by 17
Effects of Functional-Task Training on Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease
Pedroso, R. V., Ayán, C., Fraga, F. J., da Silva, T. M. V., Carral, J. M. C., & Galduróz, J. C. F. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2016-0147 · Cited by 16
Impaired chronotropic response to physical activities in heart failure patients
Shen, H., Zhao, J., Zhou, X., Li, J., Wan, Q., Huang, J., Li, H., Wu, L., Yang, S., & Wang, P. (2017) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-017-0571-9 · Cited by 16
Pinto, A. C. P. N., Natour, J., Castro, C. H. D. M., Elói, M. A., & Lombardi, I. (2017) · International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1111/1756-185x.13204 · Cited by 20
“…Inc., New York, NY, USA) with an alarm programmed to sound if the rate was higher than 75% of the age-predicted maximal heart rate, as proposed by Tanaka et al. 2001 (208 – [0.7 9 age]).17 If the alarm sounded or if the participant complained of disproportionate tiredness during the exercise…”
BackgroundInfluentialProdel, E., Peçanha, T., da Silva, L. P., de Paula, R. B., Martinêz, D. G., de Lima, J. R. P., & Laterza, M. C. (2017) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2017.1364260 · Cited by 17
“Exercise was considered maximal when peak heart rate achieved minimum 90% of maximum predicted heart rate for age [HRpred = 208-(0.7-age)] (Tanaka et al. 2001), maximal respiratory VCO2/VO2 exchange ratio (R) over 1.1 (Aitken and Thompson 1988) and rate of perceived exertion of 10 arbitrary units…”
MethodInfluentialOxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Cell Adhesion Molecules Following Exercise Training
Koh, Y., Park, J., & Carter, R. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-118848 · Cited by 16
Weeks, D. L., Sprint, G., Stilwill, V., Meisen-Vehrs, A. L., & Cook, D. J. (2018) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2017.0306 · Cited by 16
“HRmax was estimated from the formula derived by Tanaka et al. 15 for sedentary men and women ranging in age from 18 to 81 years: (212 - 0.7 · age).”
InfluentialRiboli, A., Rampichini, S., Cè, E., Limonta, E., Coratella, G., & Esposito, F. (2018) · Research in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1080/15438627.2018.1523790 · Cited by 16
Franco, K. F. M., Franco, Y. R. D. S., Salvador, E. M. E. S., do Nascimento, B. C. B., Miyamoto, G. C., & Cabral, C. M. N. (2019) · BMC Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s41927-018-0051-6 · Cited by 19
Multi-Mode Particle Filtering Methods for Heart Rate Estimation From Wearable Photoplethysmography
Lee, J., Chung, H., & Lee, H. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2019.2895685 · Cited by 16
“3 Hz (approximately 40–200 bpm), which covers the HR range of subjects of all ages, both at rest andwhen engaging in intensive physical activity [18, 19].”
Backgroundde Castro, T. F., Manoel, F. D. A., Figueiredo, D. H., Figueiredo, D. H., & Machado, F. A. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04094-w · Cited by 17
Rasmussen, C. L., Palarea‐Albaladejo, J., Korshøj, M., Gupta, N., Nabe‐Nielsen, K., Holtermann, A., & Jørgensen, M. B. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217024 · Cited by 16
“96 [35; 219] 106 [47; 213] 64 [30; 116] 72 [36; 153] 87 [20; 221] +15 min�40%HRR 98 [37; 215] 2 106 [50; 206] 0 64 [32; 115] 0 71 [38; 149] -1 87 [21; 201] 0 +30 min�40%HRR 100 [39; 212] 4 107 [52; 201] 1 65 [33; 112] 1 69 [40; 146] -3 87 [22; 186] 0 +45 min�40%HRR 102 [42; 207] 6 107 [54; 197] 1 65 [34; 112] 1 68 [42…”
Methodde Menezes-Junior, F. J., de Jesus, Í. C., Mota, J., Lopes, M. D. F. A., Corazza, P. R. P., Tadiotto, M. C., Tozo, T. A., Purim, K. S. M., Ronque, E. R., & Leite, N. (2020) · Jurnal sport science · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1794255 · Cited by 17
“To ensure that participants had achieved exhaustion, at least one of the following criteria was met: (1) the adolescent did not maintain the velocity required by the test; (2) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥1.0; or (3) When the predicted maximum heart rate has been reached (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialDemarie, S., Galvani, C., & Billat, V. L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228648 · Cited by 18
Schwarck, S., Busse, N., Ziegler, G., Glanz, W., Becke, A., & Düzel, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.684089 · Cited by 14
Portella, J. J., Andonian, B. J., Brown, D. E., Mansur, J., Wales, D., West, V. L., Kraus, W. E., & Hammond, W. E. (2022) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2022.3163402 · Cited by 16
“at peak exercise were calculated based on reference equations from healthy individuals [18].”
MethodThe impact of obesity on cardiac troponin levels after prolonged exercise in humans
Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Veltmeijer, M. T. W., George, K., Hopman, M. T. E., & Thijssen, D. H. J. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2145-3 · Cited by 16
“Exercise intensity was calculated by dividing the mean heart rate during exercise by the maximal predicted heart rate (208–0.7 age) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodInfluentialHurren, N. M., Eves, F. F., & Blannin, A. K. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510003995 · Cited by 16
“The equation used to predict maximal heart rate was 208 2 0·7 £ age((25)).”
MethodA Theoretical Method of Using Heart Rate to Estimate Energy Expenditure during Exercise
Pettitt, R. W., Pettitt, C. D., Cabrera, C. A., et al. (2007) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/174795407782233146 · Cited by 16
“Tanaka and associates [16] reported that the equation 208 - ([age]·0.”
BackgroundLakhdar, N., Denguezli, M., Zaouali, M., Zbidi, A., Tabka, Z., & Bouassida, A. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 16
Hasegawa, N., Fujie, S., Kurihara, T., Homma, T., Sanada, K., Sato, K., Hamaoka, T., & Iemitsu, M. (2016) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2016.28 · Cited by 16
Roberts, D. P., Quacinella, J., & Kim, J. H. (2016) · Robotica · doi:10.1017/s0263574715000983 · Cited by 16
HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND BODY COMPOSITION AS VO2MAX DETERMINANTS
Leon‐Ariza, H. H., Botero‐Rosas, D. A., & Zea‐Robles, A. C. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-869220172304152157 · Cited by 16
“After warming up for five minutes, and after having established 75% of the maximum theoretical HR by the Tanaka et al. 14 formula the subjects performed an incremental test on the cycloergometer until they reached the established HR.”
Skeletal muscle oxygenation during cycling at different power output and cadence
Shastri, L., Alkhalil, M., Forbes, C., El-Wadi, T., Rafferty, G. F., Ishida, K., & Formenti, F. (2019) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13963 · Cited by 16
Sánchez-Sáez, J. A., Sánchez‐Sánchez, J., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., et al. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21030850 · Cited by 16
Dimkpa, U., & Ugwu, A. C. (2008) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/ctwv5704 · Cited by 18
Altered DHEA and DHEAS response to exercise in healthy older adults.
Aldred, S., Rohalu, M., Edwards, K., & Burns, V. E. (2009) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.17.1.77 · Cited by 21
de Jesus, Í. C., Alle, L. F., Munhoz, E. C., da Silva, L. R., Lopes, W. A., Tureck, L. V., Purim, K. S. M., Titski, A. C. K., & Leite, N. (2017) · Jornal de Pediatria · doi:10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.010 · Cited by 16
Borel, B., Leclair, E., Thévenet, D., Béghin, L., Berthoin, S., & Fabre, C. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1296-y · Cited by 16
“…hyperpnoea, facial flushing and sweating, discomfort) (Fawkner et al. 2002), a maximal HR [90% of predicted maximal HR [208 - (0.7 9 age)] (Tanaka et al. 2001), a plateau in _VO2 despite increasing velocity and a final respiratory exchange ratio (RER) higher than 1.0 (Tolfrey et al. 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialVigilance performance during acute exercisePreprint
Sanabria, D., Etnier, J. L., González-Férnandez, F. T., & Zabala, M. (2019) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jw27c · Cited by 15
Wang, Y., Wang, L., Yan, J., Yuan, X., & Lou, Q. (2023) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-2105-0799 · Cited by 16
“This formula was not developed from original research but resulted from observation based on data from approximately 11 references consisting of published research or unpublished scientific compilations [14].”
MethodBudde, H., Wegner, M., Ahrens, C., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P. F. M., Machado, S. E. D. C., Gronwald, T., Amatriain‐Fernández, S., Schaffarczyk, M., & Mueller‐Alcazar, A. (2025) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00884-z · Cited by 26
“The participants were exercising at an interindividual comparable intensity according to Garber et al. (2011) [26], and we calculated their HRmax using a formula [27] and did not explicitly test their HRmax for example, with the shuttle run test [44].”
InfluentialAsselin, N., Choi, B. Y., Pettit, C. C., Dannecker, M., Machan, J. T., Merck, D. L., Merck, L. H., Suner, S., Williams, K., Baird, J. R., et al. (2018) · Simulation in Healthcare The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare · doi:10.1097/sih.0000000000000339 · Cited by 15
Höchsmann, C., Dorling, J. L., Apolzan, J. W., Johannsen, N. M., Hsia, D. S., Church, T. S., & Martin, C. K. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04198-3 · Cited by 17
Heart-rate tuned comb filters for processing photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals in pulse oximetry
Alkhoury, L., Choi, J.-W., Wang, C., Rajasekar, A., Acharya, S., Mahoney, S., Shender, B. S., Hrebien, L., & Kam, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-020-00539-2 · Cited by 15
Proximal Aortic Compliance in Young Male Endurance Athletes: An MRI Study
Tarumi, T., Yamabe, T., Fukuie, M., et al. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002508 · Cited by 15
“Endurance athletes have the extraordinary ability to augment CO during high-intensity exercise (25), and virtually all of the increase in CO comes from increased SV because LVEDV is increased while maximal HR is not altered by aerobic exercise training (3).”
BackgroundDiPasquale, J., Trammell, M., Clark, K., Fowler, H., Callender, L., Bennett, M., & Swank, C. (2021) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.12577 · Cited by 16
Silva, N. C. B. S., Petrella, A. F. M., Christopher, N., Marriott, C. F. S., Gill, D. P., Owen, A. M., & Petrella, R. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.643809 · Cited by 21
“7 × age) (Tanaka et al., 2001) at baseline, suggesting that any HR-lowering effect of BP medication did not have a substantial impact on our sample.”
BackgroundDynamic MR imaging of cerebral perfusion during bicycling exercise
Mast, I. H., Baas, K. P. A., Jorstad, H. T., Wood, J. C., Nederveen, A. J., & Bakermans, A. J. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118961 · Cited by 14
Tian, Q., Schrack, J. A., Landman, B. A., Resnick, S. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2022) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.04.007 · Cited by 15
Meier, N., Sietmann, D., & Schmidt, A. (2022) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-022-00169-x · Cited by 18
Ferreira, S. D. P., Marmeleira, J., del Pozo-Cruz, J., Bernardino, A. J. M., Leite, N. J. C., Brandão, M., & Raimundo, A. M. D. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192214667 · Cited by 15
Herráiz-Adillo, Á., Ahlqvist, V. H., Higueras‐Fresnillo, S., Hedman, K., Hagström, E., Smidt, M. F.-D., Daka, B., Lenander, C., Berglind, D., Östgren, C. J., et al. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-107663 · Cited by 16
Waer, F. B., Lahiani, M., Alexe, C. I., Bădău, D., Onoi, M., Alexe, D. I., & Sahli, S. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14072886 · Cited by 20
Huang, Z., Li, L., Lu, Y., Meng, J., & Wu, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381403 · Cited by 21
McKenzie, K. A., Veit, N., Aalla, S., et al. (2024) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2024.06.011 · Cited by 15
Kasiak, P. S., Kowalski, T., Klusiewicz, A., Zdanowicz, R., Ładyga, M., Wiecha, S., Mamcarz, A., & Śliż, D. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73730-z · Cited by 15
“Similarly, the HR max declines slower with age in endurance athletes 7 .”
BackgroundApollaro, G., Panascì, M., Ouergui, I., et al. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12120322 · Cited by 15
“Finally, simple linear regression was used to model the relationships and to obtain more stable estimates because the number of subjects, although not underpowered, limited the application of multiple linear regression [7,9].”
InfluentialExercícios físicos generalizados capacidade funcional e sintomas depressivos em idosos
Nascimento, C. M. C., Ayán, C., Carral, J. M. C., Pereira, J. R., de Andrade, L. P., Garuffi, M., Gobbi, S., & Stella, F. (2013) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2013v15n4p486 · Cited by 16
Cross-Validation of Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Equations Among Female Collegiate Athletes
Esco, M. R., Chamberlain, N. A., Flatt, A. A., Snarr, R. L., Bishop, P. A., & Williford, H. N. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000978 · Cited by 15
“(24) are general models that are commonly used for estimating HRmax in nonathletic adults from the general population.”
BackgroundInfluentialPoeta, L. S., Duarte, M. D. F. D. S., Caramelli, B., Mota, J. A. P. S., & Giuliano, I. D. C. B. (2013) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/s0104-42302013000100012 · Cited by 15
Running Demands and Heart Rate Response in Rugby Union Referees
Suarez-Arrones, L. J., Portillo, L. J., Garcia, J. M., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31828a2c3f · Cited by 15
Evidence for the emergence of leg sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone with age in healthy women
Moore, D. J., Barlow, M. A., Gonzales, J. U., McGowan, C. L. M., Pawelczyk, J. A., & Proctor, D. N. (2015) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12275 · Cited by 15
Heaney, J. L. J., Gleeson, M., Phillips, A. C., Taylor, I. M., Drayson, M. T., Goodall, M. D., He, C.-S., Svendsen, I. S., Killer, S. C., & Campbell, J. P. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Donath, L., Ludyga, S., Hammes, D., Rossmeissl, A., Andergassen, N., Zahner, L., & Faude, O. (2017) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0634-x · Cited by 15
“Maximal exertion levels have been verified if at least three out of the following 5 criteria were reached: 1) agepredicted maximal heart rates [28], 2) breathing frequency (>35/min) 3) capillary lactate concentration (>8 mmol/L), 4) ventilator equivalent for oxygen uptake (>35) and 5) respiratory exchange ratio (RER >…”
BackgroundThe Physiological Strain Index Modified for Trained Heat-Acclimatized Individuals in Outdoor Heat
Byrne, C., & LEE, J. K. W. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0506 · Cited by 15
“We observed no difference between measured and predicted maximal HR using the Nes et al. 20 19 whereas the within-subject variability in measured maximal HR is typically 3 b·min -1 .”
McNarry, M. A., Lewis, M. J., Wade, N., et al. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1626115 · Cited by 15
“Maximal HR was predicted using the formula of Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001), validated for use in adolescents (Mahon, Marjerrison, Lee, Woodruff, & Hanna, 2010).”
MethodLi, S., Xue, J., Hong, P., Song, C., & He, Z. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58791-0 · Cited by 17
Lupo, C., Ungureanu, A. N., & Brustio, P. R. (2020) · Kinesiology · doi:10.26582/k.52.1.4 · Cited by 15
Volpe, E. T., Resqueti, V., Marcelino, A. A., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04314-1 · Cited by 15
Six Weeks of Polarized Versus Moderate Intensity Distribution: A Pilot Intervention Study
Röhrken, G., Held, S., & Donath, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.534688 · Cited by 16
Data Independent Acquisition Based Bi-Directional Deep Networks for Biometric ECG Authentication
Lynn, H. M., Kim, P., & Pan, S. B. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11031125 · Cited by 15
“segmented into segments with an equal length, which is a 2-s window (720 samples) to include at least one heartbeat, since the normal range for heart rate in a signal is from 40 to 280 beats per minute [25].”
BackgroundMethodHaufe, S., Boeck, H. T., Häckl, S., Boyen, J., Kück, M., van Rhee, C. C., von der Schulenburg, J. G., Zeidler, J., Schmidt, T., Johannsen, H., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001275 · Cited by 17
“Based on the recommendation of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), 19 moderate intensity was defined as an activity with a heart rate of 64–76% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax), and vigorous intensity as an activity with a heart rate above 77% of HRmax.”
MethodPhysical Activity Epidemiology
Weber, A., Schmid, D., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_67-1 · Cited by 16
Ventilatory Efficiency Before and After Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Armstrong, H. F., Dussault, N. E., Thirapatarapong, W., Lemieux, R. S., Thomashow, B. M., & Bartels, M. N. (2014) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.03233 · Cited by 15
The effect of lung volume reduction surgery on chronotropic incompetence
Armstrong, H. F., González‐Costello, J., Jorde, U. P., Ginsburg, M. E., Layton, A. M., Thomashow, B. M., & Bartels, M. N. (2012) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2012.06.011 · Cited by 16
Pisor, A. C., Gurven, M., Blackwell, A. D., Kaplan, H. S., & Yetish, G. M. (2013) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22445 · Cited by 16
Nikolaidis, P. Τ., Chtourou, H., Torres‐Luque, G., et al. (2015) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0067 · Cited by 15
“This method takes into account the HR at rest, which had already been measured in the laboratory, and the maximal HR, which was calculated based on the Tanaka formula (208-0.7×age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialChronotropic Incompetence and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
O’Neal, W. T., Qureshi, W., Blaha, M. J., Dardari, Z., Ehrman, J. K., Brawner, C. A., Soliman, E. Z., & Al-Mallah, M. H. (2016) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2016.03.013 · Cited by 15
“001 Beta-blockers 6,604 (51) 5,350 (12) <0.”
BackgroundMuotri, R. W., Bernik, M., & Neto, F. L. (2017) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000164 · Cited by 16
“…; (3) maximum HR, equal to or greater than 95% of the maximum chronotropic response predicted for age to the equation [208 (cid:0) (0.7 x age)] 31 32 ; (4) a value equal to or greater than 18 on the subjective perception scale of Borg 3 33 signs of extreme fatigue such as: intense hyperpnoea,…”
BackgroundInfluentialUsing GPS, accelerometry and heart rate to predict outdoor graded walking energy expenditure
de Müllenheim, P., Chaudru, S., Emily, M., Gernigon, M., Mahé, G., Bickert, S., Prioux, J., Noury-Desvaux, B., & Faucheur, A. L. (2017) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.004 · Cited by 18
Verification Criteria for the Determination of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max in the Field
Sánchez-Otero, T., Iglesias‐Soler, E., Boullosa, D. A., & Tuimil, J. L. (2014) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000576 · Cited by 15
“7 3 age]) (38); and (d) [La]max $ 8 mmol$L21 (3).”
Singh, R., Lewis, B., Chapman, B. P., et al. (2019) · International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies (BIOSTEC) · doi:10.5220/0007382503100318 · Cited by 15
“Similarly, the stop-band frequency was chosen at 3.33 Hz (aligning with approximately 200 bpm) based on estimates by Tanaka et. al (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialExploring physiological parameters in ski mountaineering during world cup races
Gaston, A.-F., Peiro, A. M., Hapková, I., & Durand, F. (2019) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2019.1597399 · Cited by 15
Marogel-Popa, T., Cheţa, M., Marcu, M. V., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16111911 · Cited by 15
“The second one refers to the caution which should be used in the interpretation of data since the %HRR metric was based on the commonly accepted formula for estimating the maximum heart rate, which has its own limitations [33].”
BackgroundUsing heart rate as a physical activity metric
Eckard, M. L., Kuwabara, H. C., & Camp, C. M. V. (2019) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.581 · Cited by 15
Exercise Reduces Competition between Procedural and Declarative Memory Systems
Chen, J., Roig, M., & Wright, D. L. (2020) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0070-20.2020 · Cited by 18
Braunschweig, F., Linde, C. M., Adamson, P. B., Magalski, A., Erdmann, E., Kjellström, B., & Bennett, T. (2009) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfp045 · Cited by 15
“corresponding to 61% of the age-matched predicted maximal HR for these patients.(26) Furthermore, the RVSP, RVDP, and ePAD increased by 58%, 93%, and 72% during the 6MWT, respectively, while RV þ dP/dtmax increased by 95%.”
Effect of Rowing on Pulmonary Functions in Children With Down Syndrome
El-Kafy, E. M. A., & Helal, O. F. (2014) · Pediatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/pep.0000000000000072 · Cited by 14
Reproducibility and validity of the stair-climb test for fire fighters
Plat, M.-C. J., Frings‐Dresen, M. H. W., & Sluiter, J. K. (2010) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-010-0518-2 · Cited by 15
“(4) A study from Tanaka et al. (2001) showed that the formula used (220-age) gives an overestimation of the HRmax of persons younger than 40 years old.”
MethodL’athlète master d’endurance, un modèle de vieillissement réussi
Louis, J. B., Nosaka, K., & Brisswalter, J. (2011) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2011.08.003 · Cited by 18
Newsom, S. A., Richards, J. C., Johnson, T. K., Kuzma, J. N., Lonac, M. C., Paxton, R. J., Rynn, G. M., Voyles, W. F., & Bell, C. (2010) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-10-0152 · Cited by 15
“Briefly, subjects walked/ran on a treadmill at an increasing grade until three of the following criteria were satisfied: volitional exhaustion (defined as an inability to continue), a heart rate within 10 beats/min of their age-related maximum (Tanaka et al. 2001), a plateau in the VO2–work rate relation, and a rating…”
BackgroundVitiello, D., Pochon, L., Malatesta, D., Girard, O., Newman, C. J., & Degache, F. (2016) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2016.01.019 · Cited by 15
Staples, W. H. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4588-2.00083-8 · Cited by 15
Does Age-Related Decline in Ability Correspond with Retirement Age?Preprint
Belbase, A., Sanzenbacher, G. T., & Gillis, C. M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2665830 · Cited by 15
“15 Spirduso, Francis, and McRae (2005) 16 Safar (1990), Fleg et al. (1985), Tanaka et al. (2001), Lakatta (2002).”
BackgroundGonzales, T. I., Jeon, J. Y., Lindsay, T., Westgate, K. L., Perez-Pozuelo, I., Hollidge, S. E., Wijndaele, K., Rennie, K. L., Forouhi, N. G., Griffin, S. J., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.01.20144154 · Cited by 16
“7 ⋅ age) (21); or 3) the participant had exercised above 80% of age-predicted maximal HR for >2 minutes.”
BackgroundPhysical demands, heart rate response and performance of talent soccer referees
Fernández-Elías, V. E., Gómez‐Lopez, M., Marcos, R. D. L. V., & Clemente‐Suárez, V. J. (2018) · Medicina dello Sport · doi:10.23736/s0025-7826.17.03076-9 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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