The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
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A Novel Adaptive Recursive Least Squares Filter to Remove the Motion Artifact in Seismocardiography
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Taipale, R. S., Raitanen, A., Hackney, A. C., Solli, G. S., Valtonen, M., Peltonen, H., McGawley, K., Kyröläinen, H., & Ihalainen, J. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.761760 · Cited by 27
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Balas-Nakash, M., Benitez-Arciniega, A. D., Perichart‐Perera, O., Valdés‐Ramos, R., & Vadillo‐Ortega, F. (2010) · Salud Pública de México · doi:10.1590/s0036-36342010000500007 · Cited by 27
Rozenberg, R., Mankowski, R. T., van Loon, L. J. C., Langendonk, J. G., Sijbrands, E. J. G., van den Meiracker, A. H., Stam, H. J., & Praet, S. (2016) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-015-0194-5 · Cited by 27
CaRiSMA 1.0: Cardiac Risk Self-Monitoring Assessment
Agostinelli, A., Morettini, M., Sbrollini, A., Maranesi, E., Migliorelli, L., Nardo, F. D., Fioretti, S., & Burattini, L. (2017) · The Open Sports Sciences Journal · doi:10.2174/1875399x01710010179 · Cited by 27
“For non-smoking individuals with no overt cardiovascular disease and taking no medications, TMHR can be computed as [25]:”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe effects of different protocols of physical exercise and rest on long-term memory
Pyke, W., Ifram, F., Coventry, L., Sung, Y., Champion, I., & Javadi, A. (2019) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107128 · Cited by 28
Gianesini, S., Raffetto, J. D., Mosti, G. B., et al. (2020) · Journal of Vascular Surgery Venous and Lymphatic Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.12.073 · Cited by 27
Brahms, C. M., Zhao, Y., Gerhard, D., & Barden, J. M. (2020) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.08.107 · Cited by 27
Kazemi, Z., Mazloumi, A., Arjmand, N., et al. (2021) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720820983621 · Cited by 27
The Aging Athlete: Paradigm of Healthy Aging
Gries, K. J., & Trappe, S. W. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1761-8481 · Cited by 33
“8 beats per minute (bpm) y–1 regardless of sex as indicated in large-scale investigations [12, 23, 32].”
BackgroundPeak VO2 in elderly patients with heart failure
Lund, L. H., & MANCINI, D. M. (2007) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.10.004 · Cited by 25
“7×age [9].”
Lisón, J. F., Cebolla, A., Guixeres, J., Pitti, J. Á., Escobar, P., Bruñó, A., Lurbe, E., Alcañíz, M., & Baños, R. M. (2015) · Paediatrics & Child Health · doi:10.1093/pch/20.7.373 · Cited by 30
“For calculating maximum HR, the age prediction equation of Tanaka et al (21) was used.”
MethodCardiovascular benefits of combined interval training and post-exercise nutrition in type 2 diabetes
François, M. E., Pistawka, K. J., Halperin, F. A., & Little, J. P. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.10.002 · Cited by 27
Peak Oxygen Consumption in Older Adults With a Lower Limb Amputation
Wezenberg, D., HAAN, A. D., Faber, W., Slootman, H. J., van der Woude, L. H. V., & Houdijk, H. (2012) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.020 · Cited by 27
Azevedo, L. F., Brum, P. C., Rosemblatt, D., Perlingeiro, P. D. S., Barretto, A. C. P., Negrão, C. E., & de Matos, L. D. N. J. (2007) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2007000100003 · Cited by 26
“VSF (ml) 44 ± 2 (25-58) 44 ± 2 (29-66) 45 ± 3 (27-70) 43 ± 3 (29-58) 44 ± 6 (32-62)”
Sacco, G., Caillaud, C., Ben-Sadoun, G., Robert, P. H., David, R., & Brisswalter, J. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150194 · Cited by 32
Acute Exercise Intensity and Memory Function: Evaluation of the Transient Hypofrontality Hypothesis
Loprinzi, P. D., Day, S., & Deming, R. (2019) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina55080445 · Cited by 26
“84 × age); Tanaka, Monahan, & Seals [26] 208 − (0.”
Maximal heart rate declines linearly with age independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels
Ozemek, C., Whaley, M. H., Finch, W. H., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2017) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1275042 · Cited by 25
“In support of the findings of the current study, the reduction in intrinsic HR with age has been observed to be linear in healthy adults (Opthof, 2000) and has previously been reported to be similar to the rate of reduction in HRmax (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundResultRisum, K., Edvardsen, E., Selvaag, A. M., Dagfinrud, H. S., & Sanner, H. (2019) · Pediatric Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s12969-019-0316-7 · Cited by 26
Improvement of Emotional Response to Negative Stimulations With Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise
Long, Z., Liu, G., Xiao, Z., & Gao, P. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656598 · Cited by 27
“The HRmax is estimated by the following formula (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodRiezzo, G., Prospero, L., D’Attoma, B., Ignazzi, A., Bianco, A., Franco, I., Curci, R., Campanella, A., Bonfiglio, C., Osella, A. R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12165359 · Cited by 27
“• Intensity: the intensity of the exercise was 60–75% of HRmax; it was monitored using a heart-rate monitor and customized using Tanaka’s formula [30].”
MethodA randomized trial on elderly laypersons' CPR performance in a realistic cardiac arrest simulation
Neset, A., Birkenes, T. S., Furunes, T., et al. (2011) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02566.x · Cited by 26
“To indicate physical workload, we used number of participants completing the test, self-reported exhaustion and pain, and attained percentage of age-predicted maximal heart rate.(15) Difference in saliva cortisol levels post-test compared to individual reference levels were used to asses level of stress.”
MethodBosch, B. M., Bringard, A., Ferretti, G., Schwartz, S., & Iglói, K. (2017) · Neurophotonics · doi:10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041404 · Cited by 26
Lee, O., Lee, S., Kang, M., Mun, J., & Chung, J. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04115-8 · Cited by 26
Convertino, V. A., Lye, K. R., Koons, N. J., & Joyner, M. J. (2019) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370219846425 · Cited by 28
Fisher, E., Wood, S. J., Upthegrove, R., & Aldred, S. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112840 · Cited by 28
Stepwise regression and latent profile analyses of locomotor outcomes post-stroke
Hornby, T. G., Henderson, C. E., Holleran, C. L., Lovell, L., Roth, E. J., & Jang, J. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.031065 · Cited by 22
Monteiro, E. P., Schuch, F. B., Franzoni, L. T., de Carvalho, A. R., Gomeñuka, N. A., Becker, M. T., Rieder, C. R. D. M., Andrade, A., Martinez, F. G., Pagnussat, A. S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk5040082 · Cited by 26
“Heart rate was used for determining the intensity of training based on the mathematical model of Tanaka [18].”
MethodFitness, Fatness, and Mortality in Men and Women From the UK Biobank: Prospective Cohort Study
Tarp, J., Grøntved, A., Sánchez-Lastra, M. A., Dalene, K. E., Ding, D., & Ekelund, U. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019605 · Cited by 25
Harris, N., Warbrick, I., Atkins, D. R., Vandal, A. C., Plank, L. D., & Lubans, D. R. (2021) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2020-0255 · Cited by 25
Biosignal Monitoring Clothing System for the Acquisition of ECG and Respiratory Signals
Lee, S.-Y., Hung, Y.-W., Su, P.-H., Lee, I.-P., & Chen, J. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3183968 · Cited by 27
Park, W., Lee, J., Hong, K., Park, H., Park, S., Kim, N.-H., & Park, J. (2023) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s391700 · Cited by 26
“7 x age)] introduced by Tanaka equation.(26) They performed about 45 mins of exercise, corresponding to 50%-60% of HRmax.”
MethodCardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in a Prospective Multicenter Cohort of Older Adults
Wolf, C., Blackwell, T., Johnson, E., Glynn, N. W., Nicklas, B. J., Kritchevsky, S. B., Carnero, E. Á., Cawthon, P. M., Cummings, S. R., Toledo, F. G. S., et al. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003444 · Cited by 31
“Age-predicted maximal HR (APMHR) was estimated as 208 − 0.7*age (25).”
InfluentialNoninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques in Pediatric Patients with Ventricular Preexcitation
Czosek, R. J., Anderson, J. B., Marino, B. S., Mellion, K. M., & Knilans, T. K. (2011) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2010.03011.x · Cited by 24
Effect of exercise on fluoride metabolism in adult humans: a pilot study
Zohoori, F. V., Innerd, A. L., Azevedo, L. B., Whitford, G. M., & Maguire, A. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep16905 · Cited by 26
Age-related effects of regular physical activity on hemostatic factors in men
Sugawara, J., Hayashi, K., Kurachi, S., Tanaka, T., Yokoi, T., & Kurachi, K. (2007) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-007-0092-y · Cited by 26
Palmieri, V., Russo, C. A., Palmieri, E. A., Arezzi, E., Pezzullo, S., Minichiello, S., Martino, S., Migliaresi, P., & Celentano, A. (2006) · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · doi:10.1016/j.echo.2005.12.011 · Cited by 25
Emerenziani, G. P., Migliaccio, S., Gallotta, M. C., Lenzi, A., Baldari, C., & Guidetti, L. (2013) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2013.56a2017 · Cited by 24
Reims, H. M., Sevre, K., Fossum, E., H⊘ieggen, A., Mellem, H., & Kjeldsen, S. E. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200410000-00025 · Cited by 26
Nordgren, B., Fridén, C., Jansson, E., Österlund, T., Grooten, W. J. A., Opava, C. H., & Rickenlund, A. (2014) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-305 · Cited by 26
“However, both this age correction factor and the most wide spread formula for age predicted maximal HR (220-age), developed in 1971 [9] may underestimate maximal HR in an elderly healthy population [10].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEffects of Treadmill Inclination on the Gait of Individuals With Chronic Hemiparesis
Moreno, C., Mendes, L. D. A., & Lindquist, A. R. R. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.05.016 · Cited by 26
de Oliveira, D. S., Shinjo, S. K., Silva, M. G., de Sá‐Pinto, A. L., Lima, F. R., Roschel, H., de Mello, S. B. V., Costa‐Hong, V., Irigoyen, M. C., Pereira, R. M. R., et al. (2016) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23011 · Cited by 27
A two stages fuzzy logic approach for Internet of Things (IoT) wearable devices
Santamaria, A. F., Raimondo, P., Rango, F. D., et al. (2016) · IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) · doi:10.1109/pimrc.2016.7794563 · Cited by 26
“2 the α term represents the Resting Heart Beat Rate (RHBR) and the β term is the HBR actually measured [19].”
BackgroundRobertson, A. H., Larivière, C., Leduc, C., McGillis, Z., Eger, T., Godwin, A. A., Larivière, M., & Dorman, S. C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169390 · Cited by 26
Manoel, F., da Silva, D. R. P., de Lima, J. R. P., & Machado, F. (2017) · Sports Medicine International Open · doi:10.1055/s-0042-119951 · Cited by 26
“7 × age” equation [37] and (3) RPEmax ≥ 18 in the 6–20 Borg scale [6].”
Alves, E. D., Salermo, G. P., Panissa, V. L. G., Franchini, É., & Takito, M. Y. (2017) · Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation · doi:10.12965/jer.1734962.481 · Cited by 30
“To determine the maximum HR, the formula of Tanaka et al. (2001) prediction by age was used.”
MethodPeart, A., Nicks, C. R., Mangum, M., & Tyo, B. M. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002578 · Cited by 26
Kronman, C. A., Kern, K. L., Nauer, R. K., Dunne, M. F., Storer, T. W., & Schön, K. (2019) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23169 · Cited by 26
“…for each participant based on the following factors: the known linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) (Wasserman, 2012), the participant's age-predicted maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001), and the oxygen cost of walking at each treadmill speed and grade combination.”
BackgroundAndersen, L. N., Juul‐Kristensen, B., Sørensen, T. L., Herborg, L. G., Roessler, K. K., & Søgaard, K. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494815591687 · Cited by 28
“7 × age) [20].”
Christensen, D. L., Espino, D., Infante‐Ramírez, R., Brage, S., Terzic, D., Goetze, J. P., & Kjærgaard, J. (2014) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22607 · Cited by 25
Design of heart rate variability processor for portable 3-lead ECG monitoring system-on-chip
Fang, W.-C., Huang, H.-C., & Tseng, S.-Y. (2012) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.08.042 · Cited by 25
Bachi, A. L. L., Barros, M. P., Vieira, R. P., Rocha, G. A., de Andrade, P. B. M., Victorino, A. B., Ramos, L. R., Gravina, C. F., Lopes, J. D., Vaisberg, M. W., et al. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/6469213 · Cited by 28
Santos, J. M. B., Foster, R., Jonckheere, A., Rossi, M. N., Junior, L. A. L., Katekaru, C. M., de Sá, M. C., Pagani, L. G., de Almeida, F. M., do Amaral, J. B., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16224418 · Cited by 25
Joseph, C. R., Benhatzel, C. M., Stern, L. J., Hopper, O. M., & Lockwood, M. D. (2020) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-019-00818-3 · Cited by 24
Lamboley, C. R. H., Rouffet, D., Dutka, T. L., McKenna, M. J., & Lamb, G. D. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00014.2020 · Cited by 26
Heart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance
Birnbaumer, P., Traninger, H., Borenich, A., Falgenhauer, M., Modre‐Osprian, R., Harpf, H. H., & Hofmann, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00098 · Cited by 25
“ß1-Receptor Sensitivity The decrease in HRmax with age was comparable with recent studies (14, 24).”
ResultYin, B., Bailey, S., Hu, E., Jayarekera, M., Shaw, A., & Wünsche, B. C. (2021) · Australasian Computer Science Week Multiconference (ACSW) · doi:10.1145/3437378.3437379 · Cited by 26
Korshøj, M., Rasmussen, C. L., Sato, T. D. O., Holtermann, A., & Hallman, D. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3965 · Cited by 25
“reserve (%HRR), calculated from HR at rest, during working hours, and age-predicted maximum HR (11).”
MethodLerche, A. F., Mathiassen, S. E., Rasmussen, C. L., Straker, L. M., Søgaard, K., & Holtermann, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094707 · Cited by 26
Serantoni, C., Zimatore, G., Bianchetti, G., Abeltino, A., Spirito, M. D., & Maulucci, G. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22113974 · Cited by 25
“This interval will include, therefore, only HR values above 90% of the maximum heart rate, calculated according to Tanaka formula [26]:”
MethodComparison study of treadmill versus arm ergometry
Schrieks, I. C., Barnes, M. J., & Hodges, L. D. (2011) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2011.01014.x · Cited by 25
“Tanaka et al. (2001) determined that age explains about 80% of the variance in HRmax (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundInfluentialSignorelli, G. R., Perim, R. R., Santos, T. M., & de Araújo, C. G. S. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1311597 · Cited by 25
Ribeiro, T. S., Silva, E. M. G. D. S. E., Silva, W. H. S., Caldas, V. V. D. A., Silva, D. L. A., Cavalcanti, F. A. D. C., & Lindquist, A. R. R. (2013) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.12.004 · Cited by 25
Lakhdar, N., Denguezli, M., Zaouali, M., Zbidi, A., Tabka, Z., & Bouassida, A. (2013) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-013-9661-8 · Cited by 25
“10, (3) maximal heart rate within 10 beats per minute of the age-predicted maximal values [15], and (4) subject exhaustion.”
BackgroundCPX/D Underestimates &OV0312;O2 in Athletes Compared with an Automated Douglas Bag System
Gore, C. J., CLARK, R. J., SHIPP, N. J., et al. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000079045.86512.c5 · Cited by 25
Postexercise rehydration with beer impairs fluid retention, reaction time, and balance
Flores-Salamanca, R., & Vargas, A. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0576 · Cited by 26
Korshøj, M., Krustrup, P., Jørgensen, M. B., Prescott, E., Hansen, Å. M., Kristiansen, J., Skotte, J. H., Mortensen, O. S., Søgaard, K., & Holtermann, A. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-645 · Cited by 28
“The HRR is similar to the percentage of VO2max during whole body physical activity at group level [19,52], 2) the monitored diurnal blood pressure over 24 hours, will be analyzed according to the guidelines for ambulatory blood pressure [49], 3) the body position, level of physical activity and amount of steps and ste…”
Methodde Moura, B. P., Amorim, P. R. D. S., Silva, B. P., Franceschini, S. C., Reis, J. S., & Marins, J. C. B. (2014) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-6-16 · Cited by 25
“[17].”
Wientzek, A., Díaz, M. T., Huerta, J. M., Amiano, P., Arriola, L., Overvad, K., Østergaard, J. N., Charles, M.-A. A., Fagherazzi, G., Palli, D., et al. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20530 · Cited by 28
“When subjective symptoms occurred or a participant’s heart rate reached >85% of his/her age-dependent maximal HR, the test was stopped (24).”
BackgroundTaylor, M. K., Larson, G. E., Hiller Lauby, M. D., Padilla, G. A., Wilson, I. E., Schmied, E. A., Highfill-McRoy, R. M., & Morgan, C. A. (2014) · Stress · doi:10.3109/10253890.2013.869208 · Cited by 18
“, 1993), approximates 57% of age-predicted maximum HR for the mean age of this cohort (24 years) (Tanaka et al., 2001) and corresponds to the metabolic demand of exercise at 35–45% of maximum aerobic capacity (Londeree et al.”
BackgroundStructured Home-Based Exercise Versus Invasive Treatment
Lamberti, N., Malagoni, A. M., Ficarra, V., Basaglia, N., Manfredini, R., Zamboni, P., Mascoli, F., & Manfredini, F. (2015) · Angiology · doi:10.1177/0003319715618481 · Cited by 26
“The test could be interrupted in the presence of dangerous symptoms or when the patient reached 80% of his or her theoretical maximal heart rate previously calculated according to the formula of Tanaka et al.(20) For individuals who did not report any claudication symptoms during follow-up testing, the ICD was conside…”
MethodMazzoleni, M. J., Battaglini, C. L., Martin, K. J., et al. (2016) · Sports Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12283-015-0193-3 · Cited by 25
Power Relative to Body Mass Best Predicts Change in Core Temperature During Exercise-Heat Stress
Gibson, O. R., Willmott, A. G. B., James, C., Hayes, M., & Maxwell, N. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001521 · Cited by 24
El-Kader, S. M. A., Al-Jiffri, O. H., & Al-Shreef, F. M. (2016) · African Health Sciences · doi:10.4314/ahs.v16i2.19 · Cited by 28
Harmsen, W. J., Ribbers, G. M., Slaman, J., Heijenbrok‐Kal, M. H., Khajeh, L., van Kooten, F., Neggers, S. J. C. M. M., & van den Berg-Emons, R. J. G. (2016) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10749357.2016.1260263 · Cited by 24
Korshøj, M., Hallman, D., Mathiassen, S. E., Aadahl, M., Holtermann, A., & Jørgensen, M. B. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.3680 · Cited by 25
“ing”); and aerobic workload was assessed in terms of relative heart rate (45), with objectively measured resting heart rate and estimated maximal heart rate (46).”
BackgroundExercise-induced Changes in Soluble ST2 Concentrations in Marathon Runners
Aengevaeren, V. L., van Kimmenade, R. R. J., Hopman, M. T. E., van Royen, N., Snider, J., Januzzi, J. L., George, K., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001806 · Cited by 25
“7 age) and exercise intensity (exercise intensity = 100 HRmean/HRmax) were calculated (12).”
MethodCardiopulmonary Profile of Individuals with Intellectual Disability
Boonman, A. J. N., Schroeder, E. C., Hopman, M. T. E., et al. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001995 · Cited by 25
Ozemek, C., Berry, M. J., & Arena, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000402 · Cited by 25
Iannaccone, A., Fusco, A., Jaime, S. J., Baldassano, S., Cooper, J., Proia, P., & Cortis, C. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su122310135 · Cited by 25
“7·age, %HRmax) [36] and used for quantifying the intensity of the workout, according to the classes of intensity proposed by the ACSM [17].”
MethodCHAITMAN, B. R. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0398-6.00014-7 · Cited by 26
de Sousa, M. V., Simões, H. G., Oshiiwa, M., Rogero, M. M., & Tirapegui, J. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0317-3 · Cited by 25
“The HRmax of the athletes was estimated according to Tanaka et al. (2001) .”
MethodJanssens, K., Foulkes, S. J., Mitchell, A. M., Dausin, C., Van Soest, S., Spencer, L., Rowe, S. J., D’Ambrosio, P., Elliott, A. D., Van Puyvelde, T., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae262 · Cited by 25
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Concussion Recovery: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Snyder, A., Greif, S. M., Clugston, J. R., FitzGerald, D. B., Yarrow, J. F., Babikian, T., Giza, C. C., Thompson, F. J., & Bauer, R. M. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000886 · Cited by 27
“Moderate intensity was defined as maintaining 65–75% of estimated maximum heart rate during the exercise period, calculated using the Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001) equation (HRmax = 208 - 0.7 x age).”
MethodInfluentialKoch, M., Matzke, I., Huhn, S., Sié, A., Boudo, V., Compaoré, G., Maggioni, M. A., Bunker, A., Bärnighausen, T., Dambach, P., et al. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/46980 · Cited by 24
“Duplicate HR measurements were removed, and values greater than the age-predicted maximal HR according to the equation by Tanaka et al [50] (208 – 0.7 × age) were excluded.”
InfluentialWilliamson, W., Fuld, J. P., Westgate, K. L., Sylvester, K. P., Ekelund, U., & Brage, S. (2012) · Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/874020 · Cited by 24
Blended Emotion Detection for Decision Support
Hariharan, A., & Adam, M. T. P. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems · doi:10.1109/thms.2015.2418231 · Cited by 24
“[26], building a subject-independent emotion detection system, especially addressing the requirements of different age groups or gender is a nontrivial problem.”
BackgroundCerebrovascular Function in the Large Arteries Is Maintained Following Moderate Intensity Exercise
Steventon, J. J., Hansen, A. B., Whittaker, J. R., Wildfong, K. W., Nowak‐Flück, D., Tymko, M. M., Murphy, K., & Ainslie, P. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01657 · Cited by 24
Intensity of acute aerobic exercise but not aerobic fitness impacts on corticospinal excitability
MacDonald, M., Khan, H., Kraeutner, S. N., Usai, F., Rogers, E. A., Kimmerly, D. S., Dechman, G., & Boe, S. G. (2019) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2018-0643 · Cited by 28
“If a plateau in VO2 was not observed, 2 of the following 3 criteria must have been achieved (McArdle et al. 2010): 1) reaching a peak HR ≥ 95% of age predicted maximum (Tanaka et al. 2001); 2) a final RPE on the Borg scale ≥ 17; or 3) a resting exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2) ≥ 1.15.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKhoury, M., Phillips, D. B., Wood, P. W., Mott, W. R., Stickland, M. K., Boulanger, P., Rempel, G. R., Conway, J. L., Mackie, A. S., & Khoo, N. S. (2020) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951120002097 · Cited by 24
Burma, J. S., Macaulay, A., Copeland, P. V., Khatra, O., Bouliane, K. J., & Smirl, J. D. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14695 · Cited by 24
“Therefore, despite the prediction error associated with age-based equations (Arena et al., 2016; Robergs & Landwehr, 2002; Shookster et al., 2020; Tanaka et al., 2001), this would not invalidate the exercise paradigms utilized.”
MethodHenriksson, P., Sandborg, J., Söderström, E., Leppänen, M. H., Snekkenes, V., Blomberg, M. I., Ortega, F. B., & Löf, M. (2021) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-021-00158-z · Cited by 24
EEG evidence for enhanced attentional performance during moderate‐intensity exercise
Dodwell, G., Liesefeld, H. R., Conci, M., Müller, H. J., & Töllner, T. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13923 · Cited by 27
Validity of the Maximal Heart Rate Prediction Models among Runners and Cyclists
Kasiak, P. S., Wiecha, S., Cieśliński, I., Takken, T., Łach, J., Lewandowski, M., Barylski, M., Mamcarz, A., & Śliż, D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12082884 · Cited by 24
“Maximal heart rate (HRmax) is a widely used variable to recommend training intensity by exercise practitioners [1] and prescribe treatment by medical professionals [2].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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