The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
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Guidelines for exercise testing
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“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,301–1,400 of 3,736
Estimation of Heart Rate Using Regression Models and Artificial Neural Network in Middle-Aged Adults
Tao, K., Li, J., Li, J., Shan, W., Yan, H., & Lu, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.742754 · Cited by 13
“…confirmed that there was no significant difference in the maximum heart rate between men and women ( Table 1 ), which supports the conclusion of Tanaka et al. (2001) that no direct linkage between gender and the maximum heart rate was validated via meta-analysis after 351 studies (18, 712…”
MethodResultInfluentialNicot, F., Pastor, F. S., Samozino, P., Millet, G. Y., & Rupp, T. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1995507 · Cited by 14
“Estimated maximal heart rate (HRmax) was calculated from the following empirical relations: HRmax = 220− age, if age , 42 and HRmax = 208− 0.7 × age otherwise (Tanaka et al. 2001) and was used to define heart rate reserve (HR reserve) to calibrate warm-up intensity.”
MethodInfluentialLeite, N., Tadiotto, M. C., Corazza, P. R. P., de Menezes-Junior, F. J., Carli, M. E. C., Milano, G. E., Lopes, W. A., Gaya, A. R., Brand, C., Mota, J. A. P. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01699-x · Cited by 13
“0; (III) HRmax above that predicted for the age group [27].”
BackgroundChoi, S., Vivas, O., Baudot, M., & Moreno, C. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.805909 · Cited by 14
The Role of Exercise Before Cancer Treatment
Denehy, L., & Edbrooke, L. (2022) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2022.151330 · Cited by 13
Toulgui, E., Benzarti, W., RAHMANI, C., Aissa, S., Ghannouchi, I., Knaz, A., SAYHI, A., Sellami, S., Mahmoudi, K., Jemni, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1029766 · Cited by 12
Lidegaard, L. P., Bjerregaard, A., Johansen, N. B., Witte, D. R., Brage, S., Lauritzen, T., Jørgensen, M. E., Christensen, D. L., & Færch, K. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3738-x · Cited by 13
“7×age) [25, 26].”
A software module for cardiovascular rehabilitation in robotics-assisted treadmill exercise
Schindelholz, M., Stoller, O., & Hunt, K. J. (2013) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2012.12.006 · Cited by 13
Donath, L., Zahner, L., Cordes, M., Hanssen, H., Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A., & Faude, O. (2013) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.21.1.100 · Cited by 13
Salvador, E. P., Ribeiro, E. H. C., García, L., Andrade, D. R., Guimarães, V. V., Aoki, M. S., & Florindo, A. A. (2014) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/2049-3258-72-8 · Cited by 13
“[38].”
Acute effects of exercise and active video games on adults’ reaction time and perceived exertion
Luján, J. F. G., & López‐García, J. (2016) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2016.1186744 · Cited by 13
“HR at resting had already been measured in the laboratory, and the HR max was calculated based on the Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001) formula (HR max = 208.75 − 0.73 × age).”
MethodInfluentialThe Relationship Between Soldier Performance on the Two-Mile Run and the 20-m Shuttle Run Test
Canino, M. C., Cohen, B. S., Redmond, J. E., Sharp, M. A., Zambraski, E. J., & Foulis, S. A. (2018) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usx081 · Cited by 13
Thoracoabdominal Asynchrony Contributes to Exercise Limitation in Mild Asthmatic Subjects
Fregonezi, G., Sarmento, A., Pinto, J., LoMauro, A., Resqueti, V., & Aliverti, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00719 · Cited by 13
“In asthmatic subjects the test was interrupted when the feeling of dyspnea and/or lower limb fatigue reached an intensity of 7 points (according to Borg scale) or 80% of maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001), while in healthy the test was interrupted voluntarily by exhaustion (Aliverti et al.”
MethodEston, R. G., & Parfitt, G. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315385662-18 · Cited by 14
Pereira, M. C., Dacha, S., Testelmans, D., et al. (2019) · Breathe · doi:10.1183/20734735.0129-2019 · Cited by 13
“8 mL·kg−1·min−1 (69% predicted) and a maximal heart rate of 140 beats per min (82% of predicted maximum) [7, 8].”
BackgroundThe effects of exercise on mood and prefrontal brain responses to emotional scenes in smokers
Monroe, D. C., Patel, N. R., McCully, K. K., & Dishman, R. K. (2019) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112721 · Cited by 12
Impact of Recreational Sports Activities on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Adolescents
de Faria, F. R., Howe, C. A., de Faria, R. C., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010143 · Cited by 12
Zeiher, J., Manz, K., Kuntz, B., Perumal, N., Keil, T. O. P., Mensink, G., & Finger, J. D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56698-z · Cited by 13
Heart rate score, a measure related to chronotropic incompetence in pacemaker patients
Sharma, A. D., Richards, M., Olshansky, B., et al. (2021) · Heart Rhythm O2 · doi:10.1016/j.hroo.2021.02.002 · Cited by 13
Boraczyński, M., Boraczyński, T., Gajewski, J., Kamelska-Sadowska, A. M., Gronek, P., & Laskin, J. (2021) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2021-0102 · Cited by 13
“HR data were collected and recorded every 5 s. Exercise intensity was modulated based on agepredicted HRmax values, calculated for each participant using the formula 208 − 0.7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialMasci, F., Spatari, G., Bortolotti, S., Giorgianni, C. M., Antonangeli, L. M., Rosecrance, J. C., & Colosio, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137695 · Cited by 13
Ogedengbe, J. O., Adelaiye, A. B., & Kolawole, O. V. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Mesa, J. F. C., Martínez, L. E. C., Morales, J. C. C., & Valencia, J. T. R. (2015) · Revista de la Facultad de Medicina · doi:10.15446/revfacmed.v62n4.44539 · Cited by 13
“This is due to the fact that a regression performed by Stepwise revealed that age alone explains 80% of individual variance in terms of the MHR (10).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialECT Generalized Seizure Drives Heart Rate Above Treadmill Stress Test Maximum
Swartz, C. M., & Shen, W. W. (2007) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0b013e3180314681 · Cited by 13
“The relationship between ECT PHR and age differs in several basic ways from the traditional BKarvonen formula^ of 220 minus age bpm used in treadmill stress testing.(3) Beginning at age 40, ECT PHR starts to become higher than the treadmill reference HR, separately for men and women.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHeart rate variability during pre-competition and competition periods in volleyball players
Podstawski, R., Boraczyński, M., Nowosielska–Swadźba, D., & Zwolińska, D. (2014) · Biomedical Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/bhk-2014-0004 · Cited by 13
“7 × age [49].”
Karavirta, L., Tulppo, M. P., Nyman, K., Laaksonen, D. E., Pullinen, T., Laukkanen, R. M. T., Kinnunen, H. O., HÄKKINEN, A. H., & Häkkinen, K. (2008) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0667-5 · Cited by 13
“Therefore, the difference between the present and previous studies could be a smaller age range in our study (27 years), as compared to 50, 53 and 63 years in other studies (Inbar et al. 1994; Schiller et al. 2001; Tanaka et al. 2001).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSpiroergometrie in der Kardiologie - Grundlagen der Physiologie und Terminologie
Wonisch, M., Fruhwald, F. M., Hofmann, P., Hödl, R., Klein, W., Kraxner, W., Maier, R., Pokan, R., Smekal, G., & Watzinger, N. (2003) · Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH) · Cited by 14
Indexing Cognitive Load using Blood Volume Pulse Features
Zhou, J. J., Arshad, S. Z., Luo, S., Yu, K., Berkovsky, S., & Chen, F. (2017) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3027063.3053140 · Cited by 13
“The window size, which behaves as a cut off frequency, is dictated by the maximal admissible heart rate in a normal situation, namely 200 beats/minute [8][18].”
BackgroundBujalance-Moreno, P., Román, P. Á. L., Martínez‐Amat, A., et al. (2021) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.105336 · Cited by 12
Performance and Recovery of Well-Trained Younger and Older Athletes during Different HIIT Protocols
Hottenrott, L., Möhle, M., Feichtinger, S., et al. (2022) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports10010009 · Cited by 12
“It is well established that HRmax decreases with age [9], which is supported by the present results (Table 1).”
BackgroundResultRodrigues, R. N., Carballeira, E., Silva, F. M., Caldo‐Silva, A., Abreu, C., Furtado, G. E., & Teixeira, A. M. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050776 · Cited by 13
“During the exercise sessions, participants wore a heart rate monitor (Polar, model M200, Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland), and heart rate (HR) was estimated using Karvonen’s formula where HRmax was calculated using a specific formula for older populations [47].”
MethodBarisione, G., & Brusasco, V. (2022) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00363-2022 · Cited by 12
Drum, S. N., Rappelt, L., Held, S., & Donath, L. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054501 · Cited by 17
“Maximal heart rate (HRmax) in beats per minute (bpm) was predicted using the following formula according to Tanaka et al. [35]: 207—(age × 0.7) for men and 206—(age × 0.88) for women.”
BackgroundInfluentialJost, J., Müther, M., Brandt, R., Altuner, U., Lemcke, L., Stummer, W., Völker, K., Wiewrodt, R. G., & Wiewrodt, D. (2023) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-023-04354-y · Cited by 12
Ventricular dyssynchrony late after the Fontan operation is associated with decreased survival
Gearhart, A. S., Bassi, S., Rathod, R. H., Beroukhim, R. S., Lipsitz, S. R., Gold, M. P., Harrild, D. M., Dionne, A., & Ghelani, S. J. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1186/s12968-023-00984-3 · Cited by 12
“BAD2 CS, ms 29 (13-47) 32 (15-48) 23 (13-36) 30 (1349) 35 (16-54) 0.”
Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Pathiravasan, C. H., Spartano, N. L., Lin, H., Borrelli, B., Benjamin, E. J., McManus, D. D., Larson, M. G., Vasan, R. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/56676 · Cited by 13
“…[21], HR responses to exercise (assessed by the % predicted maximum HR achieved, with the predicted maximum HR calculated using the Tanaka formula) [25], and blood pressure/vascular responses to exercise (assessed by systolic blood pressure-to-workload slope [SBP/W slope] and calculated as [peak…”
Williams, J. S., Cheng, J. L., Stone, J. C., Kamal, M. J., Cherubini, J. M., Parise, G., & MacDonald, M. J. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00672.2023 · Cited by 15
Falces-Prieto, M., Casamichana, D., de Villarreal, E. S.-S., Requena-Sánchez, B., Carling, C., & Suarez-Arrones, L. J. (2015) · RICYDE Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte · doi:10.5232/ricyde2015.04104 · Cited by 12
Chaput, J., Genin, P. M., Moel, B. L., Pereira, B., Boirie, Y., Duclos, M., & Thivel, D. (2015) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12027 · Cited by 12
Saengsuwan, J., Nef, T., Laubacher, M., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122767 · Cited by 12
“Previous work showed that age explained the majority of the variance [30, 31].”
BackgroundCardiorespiratory power across adolescence in male soccer players
Nikolaidis, P. Τ. (2011) · Human Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0362119711050173 · Cited by 12
Application of Fibre-Optic Interferometry to Detection of Human Vital Signs
Zazula, D., Đonlagić, D., & Šprager, S. (2012) · doi:10.13140/2.1.2033.4726 · Cited by 12
Comparison of Resistance-Based Walking Cardiorespiratory Test to the Bruce Protocol
Hurt, C. P., Bamman, M. M., Naidu, A., & Brown, D. A. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002263 · Cited by 11
“4% from the predicted HRmax (27), whereas the SIBT resulted in HRmax that was 20.”
BackgroundInfluentialPostural control and physiological responses to a simulated match in U-20 judo competitors
Santos, L., Fernández‐Río, J., Iglesias‐Soler, E., et al. (2018) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763141.2018.1461237 · Cited by 12
Changes in iron metabolism during prolonged repeated walking exercise in middle-aged men and women
Terink, R., ten Haaf, D. S. M., Bongers, C. C. W. G., Balvers, M. G. J., Witkamp, R. F., Mensink, M., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Gunnewiek, J. M. T. K., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2018) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-018-3961-5 · Cited by 12
Moreira, D. G., Brito, C. J., Ferreira, J. J. D. A., Marins, J. C. B., Díaz-de-Durana, A. L., Canalejo, J. C., Revenga, J. B., & Sillero‐Quintana, M. (2019) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003095 · Cited by 12
Greco, G. (2020) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.14198/jhse.2021.162.16 · Cited by 12
Aerobic exercise and aerobic fitness level do not modify motor learning
Hung, A., Roig, M., Gillen, J. B., Sabiston, C. M., Swardfager, W., & Chen, J. L. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84764-y · Cited by 13
Bommasamudram, T., & Chandrasekaran, B. (2021) · Muscles Ligaments and Tendons Journal · doi:10.32098/mltj.01.2021.10 · Cited by 12
“7 x age (16)); and 4) Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on Borg Scale more than 16.”
BackgroundToulouse, L., Mucci, P., Pezé, T., & Zunquin, G. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1898093 · Cited by 12
Ferrer, M. D., Capó, X., Reynés, C., Quetglas‐Llabrés, M. M., Salaberry, E., Tonolo, F., Suau, R., Marí, B., Tur, J. A., Sureda, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10122618 · Cited by 12
“It was concluded that there is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nitrate [11], while the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reviewed the carcinogenicity of nitrite and concluded that there is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of nitrit…”
InfluentialSakhare, A. R., Stradford, J., Ravichandran, R., Deng, R., Ruiz, J., Subramanian, K. S., Suh, J., & Pa, J. (2021) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-210126 · Cited by 12
“[22] Periodization consisted of two 6-week phases, moderate and vigorous, with intensity levels increasing by 5% every two weeks within each phase.”
BackgroundLi, J., Liu, B., Wang, Z., El-Ansary, D., Adams, R., Han, J., & Meng, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.853376 · Cited by 12
Monferrer-Marín, J., Roldán, A., Monteagudo, P., Chulvi‐Medrano, I., & Blasco-Lafarga, C. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00487-y · Cited by 12
“[38], VO2: oxygen consumption; SpO2: oxygen saturation; RPE: rate perceived exertion; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale of pain; EE: energy expenditure; FATox: fatty acid oxidation; CHOox: carbohydrate oxidation; RER: respiratory exchange ratio; W: watts”
BackgroundDimkpa, U., Godswill, R. C., Okonudo, P. O., & Ikwuka, D. C. (2023) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes22055 · Cited by 16
Fujie, S. J., Iemitsu, M., Murakami, H., et al. (2013) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2012 · Cited by 12
The effects of external and internal focus of attention on physiological responses during running
Ziv, G., Meckel, Y., Lidor, R., & Rotstein, A. (2012) · Journal of Human Sport and Exercise · doi:10.4100/jhse.2012.73.01 · Cited by 12
“This is supported by the low RPE values 613 | 2012 | ISSUE 3 | VOLUME 7 © 2012 University of Alicante of approximately three to four in this study (see Table 2).”
BackgroundInfluentialO'Neal, E. K., Poulos, S. P., Wingo, J. E., Richardson, M. T., & Bishop, P. A. (2013) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-4 · Cited by 12
“pants cycled at a HR corresponding to 60%-65% of HR reserve [30].”
BackgroundŠprager, S., & Zazula, D. (2013) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2013.2282403 · Cited by 12
Skeletal muscle TLR4 and TACE are associated with body fat percentage in older adults
Timmerman, K. L., Connors, I. D., Deal, M. A., & Mott, R. E. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0567 · Cited by 13
“HRmax was estimated with the following regression equation (Tanaka et al. 2001):”
MethodBoyne, P., Buhr, S., Rockwell, B., Khoury, J. C., Carl, D., Gerson, M. C., D, B. M. K. M., & Dunning, K. K. (2015) · Neurology Report · doi:10.1097/npt.0000000000000102 · Cited by 12
“HRpeak, % 80 (8) [65-96] 82 (8) [68-94] 80 (8) [65-96] HRRpeak, % 62 (15) [33-93] 63 (13) [48-89] 62 (14) [33-93] AP-HRmax, % 69 (10) [54-94] 67 (8) [51-78] 68 (9) [51-94] AP-HRRmax, % 48 (15) [24-86] 44 (15) [19-65] 47 (15) [19-86]”
Rey, O., Maïano, C., Nicol, C., Mercier, C.-S., & Vallier, J. (2016) · PubMed Central · Cited by 12
Feasibility and Impact of High-Intensity Walking Training in Frail Older Adults
Danilovich, M., Conroy, D. E., & Hornby, T. G. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2016-0305 · Cited by 13
Stair walking is more energizing than low dose caffeine in sleep deprived young women
Randolph, D. D., & O’Connor, P. J. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.013 · Cited by 12
Sex-Specific Maximum Predicted Heart Rate and Its Prognosis for Mortality and Myocardial Infarction
Ahmed, H. M., Al-Mallah, M. H., Keteyian, S. J., et al. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001285 · Cited by 12
“Because MPHR was not originally derived in older adults and because its validity has been frequently questioned in women (8,13,15,16), the purpose of this study was to derive sex-specific formulas for”
BackgroundChildren with Burn Injury Have Impaired Cardiac Output during Submaximal Exercise
Rivas, E., Herndon, D. N., Beck, K. C., & Suman-Vejas, O. E. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001329 · Cited by 12
“We have also shown that burned children have an attenuated peak HR compared to nonburned children, suggesting that formulas developed by others (35) to predict peak HR values for the purpose of estimating exercise intensity (percent peak HR) may not be a valid approach in burned populations.”
Mazzoleni, M. J., Battaglini, C. L., Martin, K. J., Coffman, E. M., Ekaidat, J. A., Wood, W. A., & Mann, B. P. (2017) · Sports Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12283-017-0242-1 · Cited by 12
Pilch, W., Tota, Ł. M., Sadowska‐Krępa, E., Piotrowska, A., Kępińska, M., Pałka, T., & Maszczyk, A. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/9569513 · Cited by 12
“The HRmax was estimated according to the following formula [23]:”
MethodYeh, C.-P., Huang, H.-C., Chang, Y., Chen, M., & Hsu, M. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/4863454 · Cited by 14
“7 × age) [18] and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) adjusted for 1.”
BackgroundAlmonroeder, T. G., Benson, L. C., Madigan, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1692413 · Cited by 12
Fujie, S. J., Hasegawa, N., Sanada, K., et al. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.102678 · Cited by 12
Cardiorespiratory fitness estimation from heart rate and body movement in daily life
Bonomi, A., ten Hoor, G. A., de Morree, H. M., Plasqui, G., & Sartor, F. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00631.2019 · Cited by 12
Eken, Ö., Özkol, M., & Varol, S. R. (2020) · Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports · doi:10.15561/26649837.2020.0403 · Cited by 12
“The maximum heart rate of the judokas was determined [21].”
BackgroundReference Values for Chronotropic Index from 1280 Incremental Cycle Ergometry Tests
Sirichana, W., Neufeld, E. V., Wang, X., Hu, S. B., Dolezal, B. A., & Cooper, C. B. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002417 · Cited by 12
“(13), and knowing the SD of this estimate is ~10 min−1, we can surmise using Gaussian statistics that 95% of normal subjects will have true maximal heart rates no more than 16 min−1 (SD multiplied by 1.”
MethodAn Improved Real-Time R-Wave Detection Efficient Algorithm in Exercise ECG Signal Analysis
Zhang, Z., Li, Z., & Li, Z. (2020) · Journal of Healthcare Engineering · doi:10.1155/2020/8868685 · Cited by 12
“When the maximum heart rate was reached (195-age) [20], the body swing amplitude of the subjects reached the maximum, and the ECG signal received the maximum interference.”
BackgroundIschemic Preconditioning Does Not Improve Time Trial Performance in Recreational Runners
Montoye, A. H. K., Mitchinson, C. J., Townsend, O. R., Nemmers, C. H., Serkaian, C. N., & Rider, B. C. (2020) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/zxrt9304 · Cited by 12
“7*age) (57) for determining maximum HR), stratifying the dataset by sex, and performing a median split the dataset based on age- and sex-specific fitness level (using 2.”
MethodCardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: trust the VO2peak?
Gravier, F., Bonnevie, T., Boujibar, F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-20-1528 · Cited by 12
“7 × age (14); Evidence of ventilatory limitation i.”
BackgroundElnaggar, R. K. (2021) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13418 · Cited by 12
Muscle Recovery after a Single Bout of Functional Fitness Training
García-Fernández, P., Cimadevilla-Fernández-Pola, E., Guodemar‐Pérez, J., Cañuelo-Márquez, A. M., Elvar, J. R. H., Fernández‐Rodríguez, T., Lozano-Estevan, M. D. C., Hervás-Pérez, J. P., Sánchez-Calabuig, M. A., Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126634 · Cited by 12
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in neuromuscular disease: a systematic review
Davoli, G. B. D. Q., Bartels, B., Mattiello‐Sverzut, A. C., & Takken, T. (2021) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2021.2009802 · Cited by 12
Xu, C., Hou, Y., Si, K., & Cao, Z. (2022) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155215 · Cited by 12
Hung, S.-H., Wu, C.-C., Yeh, Y.-C., Yeh, A., Chang, C., & Tang, H.-F. (2022) · HortScience · doi:10.21273/hortsci16542-22 · Cited by 13
Azarbayjani, M. A., Fatolahi, H., Javad, M., Rasaee, M. P., & Babaei, R. K. (2011) · International journal of exercise science · doi:10.70252/tlce3265 · Cited by 14
“To determine the maximum heart rate of the participants, the equation from Tanaka et al. (2001) was used [208- (0.7×age)] (41).”
MethodInfluentialde Moura, B. P., Marins, J. C. B., Franceschini, S. D. C. C., Reis, J. S., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2014) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.951875 · Cited by 15
Influence of Ascorbic Acid on the Thermic Effect of Feeding in Overweight and Obese Adult Humans
Newsom, S. A., Paxton, R. J., Rynn, G. M., & Bell, C. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.304 · Cited by 12
“Briefly, subjects walked/ran on a treadmill at an increasing grade until three of the following criteria were satisfied: volitional exhaustion (defined as an inability to continue), a heart rate within 10 beats/min of their age-related maximum (15), a plateau in the VO2–work rate relation, and a rating of perceived ex…”
BackgroundAndreacci, J. L., Nagle, T., Fitzgerald, E., Rawson, E. S., & Dixon, C. B. (2013) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2013.762314 · Cited by 12
Heart Rates of Elementary Physical Education Students During the Dancing Classrooms Program
Nelson, L. P., Guess, W., Olson, T., et al. (2011) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599753 · Cited by 12
“Therefore, using Tanaka, Monahan, and Seal’s (2001) regression equation (208 - 0.7 x age) for maximum heart rate prediction, an average maximum heart rate of 200 was calculated for the participants (using the average and mode age of 11 years).”
MethodInfluentialIntramyocellular lipid variations in active older men: relationship with aerobic fitness
Rouffet, D., Villars, C., Fissoune, R., Sappey‐Marinier, D., Laville, M., Ibarrola, D., Sothier, M., Monnet, M.-F., Ovize, M., Bonnefoy, M., et al. (2012) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12045 · Cited by 12
“Measurements were considered acceptable when two of the following criteria were met (Lynch et al. 2007): a levelling of VO2 (i.e. VO2 increase <2 ml kg 1 min 1 with increased workload), RER > 1.1 and HRmax within 10 beats of age predicted maximum (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
MethodInfluentialA wearable monitoring system for nocturnal epileptic seizures
Ungureanu, C., Bui, V. T., Roosmalen, W., Aarts, R. M., Arends, J. B. A. M., Verhoeven, R., & Lukkien, J. J. (2014) · International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology · doi:10.1109/ismict.2014.6825205 · Cited by 13
Elazzazi, A. M., Chapman, N., Murphy, E. S., & White, R. (2011) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0b013e31821c91b1 · Cited by 12
Wickham, J. B., Mullen, N. J., Whyte, D. G., & Cannon, J. (2017) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.012 · Cited by 13
Prediction of performance by heart rate-derived parameters in recreational runners
Etxegarai, U., Insunza, A., Larruskain, J., Santos‐Concejero, J., Gil, S. M., Portillo, E., & Irazusta, J. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1442185 · Cited by 12
“…three of the following criteria: 1) HRmax reached in the test within 5 beats·min−1 of their theoretical maximal calculated by the formula described by Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001) (HR = 208–0.73·Age); 2) lactate concentration > 8 mmol·L−1; 3) rating of perceived exertion = 10 (either muscular…”
MethodInfluentialCollins, M., Varady, K. A., & Jones, P. J. H. (2007) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y07-078 · Cited by 12
“7 age) (Tanaka et al. 2001) and Polar Heart Rate Monitors (Polar USA, Inc.”
BackgroundExercise and Experiments of Nature
Joyner, M. J., Wiggins, C. C., Baker, S. E., Klassen, S. A., & Senefeld, J. W. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c220027 · Cited by 18
“Thus, the lower ̇ Vo 2max values in the master versus younger athletes were almost all explained by the well-known age-related reduction in maximum heart rate (346).”
Curci, R., Bianco, A., Franco, I., Bonfiglio, C., Campanella, A., Mirizzi, A., Giannuzzi, V., Cozzolongo, R., Veronese, N., & Osella, A. R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15163520 · Cited by 11
“The maximum age-predicted heart rate was determined by using Tanaka’s formula [29].”
MethodCaffeine ingestion alters central hemodynamics following aerobic exercise in middle-aged men
Harber, M. P., McCurry, A., Carlini, N., Kistler, B., & Fleenor, B. S. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04521-3 · Cited by 11
da Silva Rolim, P., da Costa Matos, R. A., Von Koenig Soares, E. D. M. K., Molina, G. E., & da Cruz, C. J. G. (2019) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1532532 · Cited by 12
Neu, M. A., Dreismickenbecker, E., Lanfranconi, F., Stössel, S., Balduzzi, A., Wright, P., Windsor, S., Wiskemann, J., El-Rajab, I., Lucía, A., et al. (2025) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-025-14489-y · Cited by 12
“…exercises: heart rate ≥ 65% of the maximum heart rate, determined either via cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) or estimated using the formula HFmax = 208 − 0.7 × age [46]; for strength exercises: 1–3 repetitions performed with correct technique at a predetermined maximum repetition load [47].”
InfluentialOppert, J., Charles, M.-A. A., Charreire, H., Menai, M., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Brage, S., de Lauzon‐Guillain, B., Fagherazzi, G., & Balkau, B. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13080824 · Cited by 12
“Based on the data on heart rate and work load, CRF (VO 2max (mL/kg/min)) was estimated by extrapolating the individually established relationship between oxygen consumption and heart rate [24] to age-predicted maximal heart rate [25].”
The Role of Exercise-Induced Arousal and Exposure to Blue-Enriched Lighting on Vigilance
Barba, A., Padilla, F. M., Luque‐Casado, A., Sanabria, D., & Correa, Á. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00499 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
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