The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400
ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
Gibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Bricker, J. T., CHAITMAN, B. R., Fletcher, G. F., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., McCallister, B. D., Mooss, A. N., O’Reilly, M. G., et al. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15 · Cited by 2,583
Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake: review and commentary
HOWLEY, E. T., BASSETT, D. R., & WELCH, H. G. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199509000-00009 · Cited by 1,656 · cited 3×
“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man
Jose, A. D., & Collison, D. (1970) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/4.2.160 · Cited by 585
Guidelines for exercise testing
Feild, M. D. J. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80208-x · Cited by 528
Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease
Fox, S. M., & Naughton, J. P. (1972) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5 · Cited by 497
Fitzgerald, M. D., Tanaka, H., Tran, Z. V., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.160 · Cited by 308
Self-citationPhysical activity and prevention of coronary heart disease.
Rocha, E. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 291
Tanaka, H., Desouza, C. A., Jones, P. P., Stevenson, E. T., Davy, K. P., & Seals, D. R. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1947 · Cited by 216 · cited 3×
“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,201–1,300 of 3,736
Pires, R. S., Braga, P. G. S., Santos, J. M. B., do Amaral, J. B., Amirato, G. R., Trettel, C. D. S., Santos, C. A. F., Vaisberg, M. W., Nali, L. H. D. S., Vieira, R. P., et al. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111584 · Cited by 14
Barbosa, A., Brito, J., Figueiredo, P., Seabra, A., & Mendes, R. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/28554 · Cited by 14
“HR: heart rate HRR: heart rate reserve ICUR: incremental cost-utility ratio PHCU: primary health care unit RPE: rating of perceived exertion SPIRIT: Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials T2D: type 2 diabetes Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 08.03.21; peer-reviewed by J Booth, S Olsen; comm…”
MethodInfluentialPimenta, T., & Rocha, A. (2021) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2021.01.014 · Cited by 14
“10,11 In fact, maximal HR is expected to be lower in patients on BB therapy irrespective of age, suggesting the need to use alternative equations and different CI thresholds in those taking BB. Brawner proposed using APMHR (164 --- 0.7(age in years)) and the ≥ 80% threshold to define CI, while…”
MethodInfluentialTrewick, N., Neumann, D. L., & Hamilton, K. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268460 · Cited by 14
“The required heart rate level was calculated using the Karvonen formula of: HRR × target% + HRrest [40].”
MethodEken, Ö., & Kafkas, M. E. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 18
Elnaggar, R. K., Alhowimel, A., Alotaibi, M., Abdrabo, M. S., & Elfakharany, M. S. (2023) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · doi:10.1080/01942638.2023.2196334 · Cited by 14
Suwabe, K., Kuwamizu, R., Hyodo, K., Yoshikawa, T., Otsuki, T., Zempo‐Miyaki, A., Yassa, M. A., & Soya, H. (2023) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.006 · Cited by 16
Neuromuscular and perceptual-cognitive response to 4v4 small-sided game in youth soccer players
Skala, F., & Zemková, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1260096 · Cited by 14
“Relative HR percentages were calculated using the equation 208 – 0.7 × age (Tanaka et al., 2001; Nikolaidis, 2014).”
MethodInfluentialWeber, J., Heming, M., Apolinário-Hagen, J., Liszio, S., & Angerer, P. (2024) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108762 · Cited by 16
“X age of participant) according to previous recommendations (Tanaka et al., 2001) and HR min = 45 was used as well as automatic graphic filtering using the Pointcare-Plot.”
MethodBrazilian Guideline for Exercise Test in the Adult Population – 2024
de Carvalho, T., de Freitas, O. G. A., Chalela, W. A., Hossri, C. A. C., Milani, M., Buglia, S., Précoma, D. B., Falcão, A. M. G. M., Mastrocola, L. E., Castro, I., et al. (2024) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20240110i · Cited by 15
Ahmadi, M. N., Holtermann, A., Tudor-Locke, C. E., Koster, A., Johnson, N. A., Chau, J. Y., WEI, L., Sabag, A., Maher, C. A., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., et al. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003521 · Cited by 14
“˙ VO 2 max was estimated from the Ebbling Treadmill Test, and HR max was calculated using the Tanaka equation (28).”
Lucas, R. A. I., Hansson, E., Skinner, B. D., Arias-Monge, E., Wesseling, C., Ekström, U., Weiss, I., Castellón, Z. E., Poveda, S., Cerda-Granados, F. I., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05610-3 · Cited by 14
“Heart rate data are expressed as percentage of maximal HR (%HR max ), with a regression equation used to predict HR max (208—0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialPrescribing Physical Activity and Exercise for People with CKD
Wilkinson, T. J., Tarca, B. D., Lightfoot, C. J., Viana, J. L., Wilund, K., Ribeiro, H. S., Greenwood, S. A., Sakkas, G. K., & Kistler, B. M. (2025) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000000708 · Cited by 23
Stoller, O., de Bruin, E. D., Schindelholz, M., Schuster‐Amft, C., de Bie, R. A., & Hunt, K. J. (2013) · Technology and Health Care · doi:10.3233/thc-130730 · Cited by 15
“…were: (a) abnormal blood pressure response, i.e. hypertensive (systolic BP > 210 mmHg or diastolic BP > 115 mmHg), or hypotensive responses (decrease in BP > 10 mmHg), (b) peak heart rate 85% of age-predicted heart rate maximum [208-(0.7 x age)] [21], (c) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of (cid”
InfluentialDevelopmental differences in the effects of alcohol and stress on heart rate variability
Saalfield, J., & SPEAR, L. P. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.037 · Cited by 17
Majerczak, J., Nieckarz, Z., Karasiński, J., & Zoladz, J. A. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Amateis, A. L., Boesel, C. L., Ehnert, B. P., Evans, A., Hurst, K. E., Marek, K. L., Sullivan, A. C., Zalewski, K. R., & Huddleston, W. E. (2018) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2018.1476942 · Cited by 15
“To determine the exercise intensity of the aerobic bout of exercise, we calculated participant-specific maximum heart rates, modifying a maximum heart rate formula specific for older adults (Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals, 2001).”
MethodEffects of an acute bout of physical exercise on reward functioning in healthy adults
Wardle, M. C., Lopez-Gamundi, P., & LaVoy, E. C. P. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.010 · Cited by 15
“Moderators of the effect of exercise on reward functioning—We explored eight variables as possible moderators of the effect of exercise on reward functioning, in the following categories: demographic variables consisting of sex and age; measures of intensity of exercise consisting of average HR as a percent of age pre…”
BackgroundTowards Augmenting IVR Communication with Physiological Sensing Data
George, C., & Hassib, M. (2019) · Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3290607.3313082 · Cited by 14
“The latter was predicted using Tanaka’s formular [17], which uses participants age.”
MethodAlizadeh, H., & Safarzade, A. (2019) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2019-0004 · Cited by 14
Robertson, A. D., Atwi, S., Kostoglou, K., Verhoeff, N. P. L. G., OH, P. I., Mitsis, G. D., Marzolini, S., & MacIntosh, B. J. (2019) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.019 · Cited by 14
Safety of Performing a Graded Exercise Test Early after Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
Johnson, L. G., Kramer, S. F., Catanzariti, G., Kaffenberger, T., Cumming, T. B., & Bernhardt, J. A. (2019) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.12259 · Cited by 14
“However, the formula used in this study to determine HRmax (220-age) is a crude measure and can over- or underestimate true HRmax.”
MethodInfluentialArdestani, M. M., Henderson, C. E., Mahtani, G. B., Connolly, M., & Hornby, T. G. (2020) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968320929675 · Cited by 16
The Influence of Age on Firefighter Combat Challenge Performance and Exercise Training Habits
Saari, A., Renz, G., Davis, P., & Abel, M. G. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003714 · Cited by 14
Ageing and physical function in East African foragers and pastoralists
Sayre, M. K., Pontzer, H., Alexander, G. E., Wood, B. M., Pike, I. L., Mabulla, A. Z. P., & Raichlen, D. A. (2020) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0608 · Cited by 17
HIITCopter: Analysis of the Suitability of VR Exergaming for High-Intensity Interval Training
She, H., Young, J., Wittenberg, O., Poole, P., Mercer, A., Shaw, A., & Wünsche, B. C. (2020) · Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (OzCHI) · doi:10.1145/3441000.3441009 · Cited by 17
“Our game as well as the above mentioned games calculate the maximum heart rate and heart rate zones for players using an agebased formula [20, 53].”
MethodPawłowska, M., Mila-Kierzenkowska, C., Boraczyński, T., Boraczyński, M., Szewczyk‐Golec, K., Sutkowy, P., Wesołowski, R., Smoguła, M., & Woźniak, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10184239 · Cited by 14
Combined high‐intensity interval training as an obesity‐management strategy for adolescents
Videira‐Silva, A., Hetherington‐Rauth, M., Sardinha, L. B., & Fonseca, H. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1995508 · Cited by 14
“7 * age) (Tanaka et al., 2001)−HR rest] * intensity desired (%)] + HR rest.”
MethodInfluentialVisual Duration but Not Numerosity Is Distorted While Running
Petrizzo, I., Anobile, G., Chelli, E., Arrighi, R., & Burr, D. C. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12010081 · Cited by 14
“As specified above, the target heartrate was defined as 80% of maximal heart rate, given the chronological age [13].”
BackgroundCanino, M. C., Dunn‐Lewis, C., Proessl, F., LaGoy, A. D., Hougland, J., Beck, A. L., Vaughan, G., Sterczala, A. J., Connaboy, C., Kraemer, W. J., et al. (2022) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102953 · Cited by 14
Active vs. passive recovery during an aerobic interval training session in well-trained runners
Sánchez-Otero, T., Tuimil, J. L., Boullosa, D. A., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04926-2 · Cited by 14
Predictors of Submaximal Exercise Test Attainment in Adults Reporting Long COVID Symptoms
Romero‐Ortuño, R., Jennings, G., Feng, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11092376 · Cited by 14
Baldassarre, G., Zuccarelli, L., Manferdelli, G., et al. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00052.2022 · Cited by 14
Wang, Z., Zhang, Q., Lan, K., Yang, Z., Gao, X., Wu, A., Yi, X., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.897412 · Cited by 13
“The age-based maximum HR (HRmax) (Tanaka et al., 2001)and the ratio of current HR to age-based maximum HR (HR%) were got according to the following Eqs 1–3.”
MethodEffects of tabata training on health-related fitness components among secondary school students
Popowczak, M., Rokita, A., & Domaradzki, J. (2022) · Kinesiology · doi:10.26582/k.54.2.2 · Cited by 14
Lee, H., Chung, H., Ko, H., Parisi, A., Busacca, A., Faes, L., Pernice, R., & Lee, J. (2022) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107126 · Cited by 14
Norling, J. C., Sibthorp, J., Suchy, Y., Hannon, J. C., & Ruddell, E. J. (2010) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.2010.11950198 · Cited by 14
The ecological validity of the autonomic-subjective response dissociation in repressive coping
Schwerdtfeger, A., & Rathner, E. (2016) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1048237 · Cited by 10
“We decided to use the formula of Tanaka et al. (2001) instead of more simple formulas (e.g., 220 minus age), because it has been developed for healthy participants based on meta-analytic evidence with 18,712 participants.”
MethodMaor, E., Kopel, E., Sidi, Y., et al. (2013) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.06.028 · Cited by 14
Age‐Related Physiological Responses to Working in Deep Cold
Kluth, K., Penzkofer, M., & Strasser, H. (2011) · Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries · doi:10.1002/hfm.20305 · Cited by 14
Maximal Heart Rate: Influence of Sport Practice during Childhood and Adolescence
Balassiano, D. H., & de Araújo, C. G. S. (2013) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20130055 · Cited by 14
Stoller, O., de Bruin, E. D., Schindelholz, M., Schuster‐Amft, C., de Bie, R. A., & Hunt, K. J. (2014) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-11-145 · Cited by 14
“2% of age-predicted heart rate maximum [44]), and RERpeak =0.”
Wackers, F. J. T. (2009) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.044 · Cited by 14
Physical activity group classification algorithm using triaxial acceleration and heart rate
Nakanishi, M., Izumi, S., Nagayoshi, S., et al. (2015) · doi:10.1109/embc.2015.7318411 · Cited by 14
Leukocyte Subset Changes in Response to a 164-km Road Cycle Ride in a Hot Environment
Luk, H.-Y., McKenzie, A. L., Duplanty, A. A., Budnar, R., Levitt, D., Fernandez, A., Lee, E., Armstrong, L., & Vingren, J. (2016) · International Journal of Exercise Science · doi:10.70252/fxyl1232 · Cited by 15
High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels Slow the Decline in Peak Heart Rate with Age
Ozemek, C., WHALEY, M. H., Finch, W. H., et al. (2015) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000745 · Cited by 14
“Numerous observational and experimental studies have assessed potential contributory factors to the decline in HRpeak (2,8,10,12,22– 24,29,32,34), and many reports concluded that habitual physical activity and/or CRF did not serve as a modifier of the age-associated decline in HRpeak (10,12,23,24,29).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialA movement activity recognition pervasive system for patient monitoring in ambient assisted living
Pereira, J. D., Silva, F., Coutinho, L., Gomes, B. D. T. P., & Endler, M. (2016) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/2851613.2851689 · Cited by 14
“The dominant methodology found in the literature for measuring the movement activity intensity is based on a periodic analysis of the patient heart rate [8].”
BackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction and skeletal muscle physiology
Farris, S. D., Moussavi‐Harami, F., & Stempien‐Otero, A. (2017) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-017-9603-x · Cited by 14
Chen, J. A., Dickerson, C. R., Wells, R. P., & Laing, A. C. (2017) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2017.1335883 · Cited by 14
“For each task, heart rate reserve was calculated by subtracting the task-specific final heart rate from Tanaka et al.’s (2001) age-adjusted maximum heart rate.”
MethodThe Bottom-Up Rise Strength Transfer in Elderly After Endurance and Resistance Training: The BURST
Pietrangelo, T., Bondi, D., Kinel, E., & Verratti, V. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01944 · Cited by 13
“HR training (HRtr) was calculated according to Tanaka formula (Tanaka et al., 2001) and Karvonen formula (Karvonen, 1996).”
MethodPatient-Provider Interaction System for Efficient Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise
Chung, H., Lee, H., Kim, C., Hong, S., & Lee, J. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2892717 · Cited by 13
“4 and 4 Hz, which preserves the HR range (40-200 bpm) of subjects of all ages, both at rest and when engaging in physical activities [30], [31].”
BackgroundWezenberg, D., Dekker, R., van Dijk, F., Faber, W., van der Woude, L. H. V., & Houdijk, H. (2019) · Prosthetics and Orthotics International · doi:10.1177/0309364619838084 · Cited by 15
Heart rate response to alarm tones in firefighters
Marciniak, R. A., Tesch, C. S., & Ebersole, K. T. (2021) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-020-01646-y · Cited by 14
Gonçalves, C. G., Mesquita, R., Hayashi, D., Merli, M. F., Vidotto, L. S., Fernandes, K. B. P., & Probst, V. S. (2014) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2014.11.002 · Cited by 15
Chronotropic incompetence predicts mortality in severe obstructive pulmonary disease
González‐Costello, J., Armstrong, H. F., Jorde, U. P., Bevelaqua, A., Letarte, L., Thomashow, B. M., & Bartels, M. N. (2013) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.002 · Cited by 14
“Age predicted peak HR was calculated using Tanaka’s formula: 208–0.7 x age (Tanaka et al, 2001).”
MethodInfluentialStoutenberg, M., Rethorst, C. D., Fuzat, G., Greer, T. L., Blair, S. N., Church, T. S., Marcus, B. H., & Trivedi, M. H. (2012) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2012.08.003 · Cited by 14
Caputo, F., Greco, C. C., & Denadai, B. S. (2005) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2005000100005 · Cited by 14
Szczegielniak, J., Latawiec, K. J., Łuniewski, J., Stanisławski, R., Bogacz, K., Krajczy, M., & Rydel, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191875 · Cited by 16
Aerobic and functional capacity in a group of healthy women: reference values and repeatability
Wisén, A. G. M., & Wohlfart, B. (2004) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.2004.00576.x · Cited by 14
“Another trend line, 208 ) 0Æ7 (age) (Tanaka et al., 2001) was markedly lower than the trend line in our study.”
ResultAraújo, C. G. S. D., & Pinto, V. L. M. (2005) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2005001400009 · Cited by 13
Schumann, M., Feuerbacher, J. F., Heinrich, L., Olvera‐Rojas, M., Sclafani, A., Brønd, J. C., Grøntved, A., Caulfield, B., Ekelund, U., Bloch, W., et al. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02159-1 · Cited by 17
“…evaluated the validity of HR max equations revealed that commonly used universal age-based prediction equations, such as Fox [35] or Tanaka et al. [112], tend to over-or underestimate the HR max when applied to specific populations, it is recommended to choose an equation or model that best…”
Impacto de Exergames na qualidade de vida de idosos
Brandão, P. S., Neto, I. V. D. S., Rauber, S. B., et al. (2017) · Fisioterapia Brasil · doi:10.33233/fb.v18i3.1058 · Cited by 13
Sakamoto, R., Katayose, M., Yamada, Y., Neki, T., Kamoda, T., Tamai, K., Yamazaki, K., & Iwamoto, E. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04721-5 · Cited by 13
“7 × age) (Tanaka et al. 2001), a rating of perceived exertion > 18, a fall in pedal rate [< 10 revolutions·min−1 (rpm)].”
BackgroundEffects of short-term aerobic exercise on creativity
Zhao, Y., Qin, C., Shu, D., & Liu, D. (2022) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101033 · Cited by 13
Brown, R. C. C., Jegatheesan, D. K., Conley, M. M., Mayr, H. L., Kelly, J. T., Webb, L., Barnett, A., Staudacher, H. M., Burton, N. W., Isbel, N. M., et al. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/37556 · Cited by 11
The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Mood Symptoms in Trauma-Exposed Young Adults: A Pilot Study
Mizzi, A. L., McKinnon, M. C., & Becker, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.829571 · Cited by 15
Filho, R. A. A., Oliveira, J. J. G., Zovico, P. V. C., Rica, R. L., Barbosa, W. A., Machado, A. F., Evangelista, A. L., Costa, E. C., Bergamin, M., Baker, J. S., et al. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113931 · Cited by 16
Moderate physical activity alters the estimation of time, but not space
Tonelli, A., Lunghi, C., & Gori, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1004504 · Cited by 12
“Because of our participants’ age and baseline heart rate, +40 bpm allowed all participants to achieve a light to moderate level of physical exercise (bpm range during physical activity: 40–60% of the maximum heart rate (Tanaka et al., 2001)).”
BackgroundWarner, A., Vanicek, N., Benson, A. C., Myers, T., & Abt, G. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277031 · Cited by 17
Evaluating Changes in Perceived Enjoyment throughout a 12-Week School-Based Exergaming Intervention
Röglin, L., Stoll, O., Ketelhut, K., Martin‐Niedecken, A. L., & Ketelhut, S. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10010144 · Cited by 17
Hillen, B., López, D., Marzano‐Felisatti, J. M., Sánchez‐Jiménez, J. L., de Anda, R. M. C. O., Nägele, M., Palmer, R. S., Pérez‐Soriano, P., Schömer, E., Simon, P. D., et al. (2023) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103605 · Cited by 15
Physical Exercise and Serum BDNF Levels: Accounting for the Val66Met Polymorphism in Older Adults
Kambestad, O. B., Sirevåg, K., Mrdalj, J., Hovland, A., Endal, T. B., Andersson, E. A., Sjøbø, T., & Stavestrand, S. H. (2023) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/wnn.0000000000000349 · Cited by 16
“The following 20 minutes of cycling had no criteria regarding load or step frequency but did require that each individual ’ s heart rate (HR) aim for ≥ 65% of the estimated maximum HR (Stavestrand et al, 2019), which was calculated using the formula: HR max = 208 − (0.7 × age) (Tanaka et al, 2001).”
MethodInfluentialYeh, T., Chang, K., Wang, J., Lin, W., & Wu, C. (2023) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683231200220 · Cited by 12
Kanniainen, M., Pukkila, T., Kuisma, J., Molkkari, M., Lajunen, K., & Räsänen, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1299104 · Cited by 16
“In practice, the parameters may need to be adjusted for different study groups Tanaka et al. (2001).”
BackgroundVirtual pulmonary rehabilitation approaches in patients with post COVID syndrome: a pilot study
Sarmento, A., Adodo, R. I., Hodges, G., Webber, S. C., & Sanchez‐Ramirez, D. C. (2024) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-024-02965-3 · Cited by 14
“Personalized recommendations regarding maximum heart rate (HR) and minimum oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) during exercise [23, 24], and instructions on safety pre-cautions (i.e., when to seek professional or emergency care) were given to all participants.”
BackgroundWaddington, E. E., Allison, D. J., Calabrese, E. M., Pekos, C., Lee, A., Walsh, J. J., & Heisz, J. J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303785 · Cited by 18
Fridolfsson, J., Ekblom‐Bak, E., Ekblom, Ö. B., Bergström, G. M. L., Arvidsson, D., & Börjesson, M. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2023-107451 · Cited by 13
“21 This might be due to the use of a submaximal CRF test that assumes a maximal heart rate of 220 subtracted by age, which is a poor estimate of maximal heart rate.”
Polechoński, J. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-00945-y · Cited by 13
Physical Fitness and Exercise Performance of Transgender Women
Saitong, A., Naeowong, W., Suksom, D., & Tanaka, H. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003536 · Cited by 12
“In addition, age-predicted maximal heart rate (29) was achieved in all groups.”
Self-citationChronotropic incompetence across heart failure categories
Magrì, D., Piepoli, M. F., Gallo, G., Fiori, E., Correale, M., Attanasio, A. F., Beltrami, M., Lauretti, A., Palazzuoli, A., & Agostoni, P. (2024) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwae348 · Cited by 13
Methods for Measurement of Physical Fitness and Training Recommendations in Studies on Humans
Hollmann, W., Knigge, H., Knicker, A. J., et al. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3293-7_5 · Cited by 13
Cardiopulmonary responses to robotic end-effector-based walking and stair climbing
Stoller, O., Schindelholz, M., Bichsel, L., et al. (2014) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2013.12.016 · Cited by 13
Prescribing and Regulating Exercise with RPE after Heart Transplant
Ciolac, E. G., Castro, R. E., Greve, J. M. D., Bacal, F., Bocchi, E. A., & Guimarães, G. V. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000553 · Cited by 14
Prognostic value of treadmill exercise and dobutamine stress positron emission tomography
Chow, B. J. W., Shammeri, O. M. A., Beanlands, R. S., Chen, L., deKemp, R. A., DaSilva, J. N., & Ruddy, T. D. (2009) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0828-282x(09)70505-7 · Cited by 13
“Agepredicted maximal heart rate (APMHR) was estimated by subtracting age from 220; 85% of the APMHR or greater was targeted (12).”
MethodA Perceptually-regulated Exercise Test Predicts Peak Oxygen Uptake in Older Active Adults
Smith, A. E., Eston, R. G., Norton, B., & Parfitt, G. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2013-0213 · Cited by 13
Kalina, R. M. (2012) · Archives of Budo · doi:10.12659/aob.883685 · Cited by 13
“…(%HRmax): IVL very light (<35) IL light (35-54) IMO moderate (55-69) IH hard (70-89) IVH very hard (≥90) IM maximal (100)** ISM supramaximal (>100) *Tanaka et al. (2001) Age predicted…Journal of the American College of Cardiology; 37: 153-156; **Pollock et al (1998) The recommended quantity...…”
BackgroundHeart rate response and parasympathetic modulation during recovery from exercise in boys and men
Guilkey, J. P., Overstreet, M. L., Fernhall, B., & Mahon, A. D. (2014) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0510 · Cited by 13
Dias, M. R., Junior, R. F. S., Saavedra, F. J. F., Buzzachera, C. F., & Fleck, S. J. (2018) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512518774461 · Cited by 14
Vandenberghe, C., Castellano, C., Maltais, M. L., Fortier, M., St‐Pierre, V., Dionne, I. J., & Cunnane, S. C. (2018) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2018-0367 · Cited by 13
Sjöström, R., Söderström, L., Klockmo, C., Patrician, A., Sandström, T., Björklund, G., Hanstock, H. G., & Stenfors, N. (2019) · International Journal of Circumpolar Health · doi:10.1080/22423982.2019.1583528 · Cited by 12
“5 where speed (S) is in m·min and gradient (G) in percent [31].”
BackgroundChung, H., Lee, H., & Lee, J. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215014 · Cited by 13
Branco, B. H. M., de Oliveira, F. M., Ladeia, G. F., Bertolini, S. M. M. G., Valdés-Badilla, P. A., & Andreato, L. V. (2019) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-019-00570-0 · Cited by 13
HIGHTON, P. J., White, A. E. M., Nixon, D. G. D., Wilkinson, T. J., Neale, J., Martin, N., BISHOP, N. C., & Smith, A. C. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00332.2019 · Cited by 15
“The post-ESWT heart rate as a percentage of maximum heart rate, although only based on predicted values (37), was 66%, suggesting that this was indeed moderate- to high-intensity exercise.”
BackgroundLOWER EXTREMITY AEROBIC EXERCISE AS A TREATMENT FOR SHOULDER PAIN
Wassinger, C. A., Lumpkins, L., & Sole, G. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.26603/ijspt20200074 · Cited by 12
Thomas, F., Pixa, N. H., Berger, A., Cheng, M., Doppelmayr, M. M., & Steinberg, F. (2020) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.017 · Cited by 15
A Potential Endurance Algorithm Prediction in the Field of Sports Performance
de la Iglesia, R., Espinosa‐Salinas, I., Lopez-Silvarrey, F. J., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00711 · Cited by 13
Dupuit, M., Boscaro, A., Bonnet, A., Bouillon, P., Pereira, B., Morel, C., Rance, M., & Boisseau, N. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13814 · Cited by 13
Harrison, S. L., Bierski, K., Burn, N., McLusky, S., McFaull, V., Russell, A., Williams, G. J., Williams, S., & Macnaughton, J. (2020) · BMJ Open Respiratory Research · doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000696 · Cited by 14
“She is guarantor.”
Mücke, M., Ludyga, S., Colledge, F., Pühse, U., & Gerber, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581965 · Cited by 14
“…small but significant effects, and demonstrated that acute exercise is beneficial for subsequent executive functioning across all age groups (Tomporowski, 2003; Chang et al., 2012; Ludyga et al., 2016), although age groups that are typically characterized by developmental changes seem to…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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