The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
Cites
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ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article
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“particular study group; 5) adult subjects; 6) maximal exertion documented by using objective criteria (5); and 7) only healthy (e.”
BackgroundMethodGibbons, R. J., Balady, G. J., Beasley, J. W., FAAFP, Bricker, J. T., Duvernoy, W. F. C., Froelicher, V. F., Mark, D. B., Marwick, T. H., McCallister, B. D., et al. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.345 · Cited by 1,094
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“Minute oxygen consumption (V̇O2) also was measured using on-line, computerassisted, open-circuit spirometry (4).”
MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 3,736
Nelson, M. J., Bahl, J. S., Buckley, J. D., Thomson, R. L., & Davison, K. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017600 · Cited by 87
“Additionally, the wide variability in individual HRmax values (standard deviation ∼ 10 bpm)([100]) suggests that, despite the apparent differences”
BackgroundCardiovascular Aging and Exercise in Healthy Older Adults
Heckman, G. A., & McKelvie, R. S. (2008) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0b013e3181865f03 · Cited by 88
Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity energy expenditure in UK adults (The Fenland study)
Lindsay, T., Westgate, K., Wijndaele, K., Hollidge, S., Kerrison, N., Forouhi, N., Griffin, S., Wareham, N., & Brage, S. (2019) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0882-6 · Cited by 83
Insulin pump basal adjustment for exercise in type 1 diabetes: a randomised crossover study
McAuley, S. A., Horsburgh, J. C., Ward, G. M., Gerche, A. L., Gooley, J. L., Jenkins, A. J., MacIsaac, R. J., & O'Neal, D. N. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3981-9 · Cited by 86
“Workload was gradually increased over 5 min to a target of 65–70% of age-predicted maximal heart rate [29], followed by 25 min maintenance of target heart rate with”
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Involvement of endothelin‐1 in habitual exercise‐induced increase in arterial compliance
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“7) (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
Self-citationEnergy Expenditure and Exercise Intensity of Interactive Video Gaming in Individuals Poststroke
Kafri, M., Myslinski, M. J., Gade, V. K., & Deutsch, J. E. (2013) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968313497100 · Cited by 85
“7 × age)).(40) For participants who took beta-blockers, it was calculated by the formula (HRmax(pred.”
MethodLinking prenatal experience to the emerging musical mind
Ullal, S., der Nederlanden, C. M. V. B., Tichko, P., Lahav, A., & Hannon, E. E. (2013) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00048 · Cited by 81
“The decrease in preferred tempo with age is particularly relevant given that the resting heart rate is also known to decrease with age (for review see, Tanaka et al., 2001).”
BackgroundBaumeister, S. E., Ricci, C., Kohler, S., Fischer, B., Töpfer, C., Finger, J. D., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0386-6 · Cited by 80
“7 [42]) was exceeded or the maximum intensity level was reached (i.”
BackgroundSilva, C. M. D. S. E., Neto, M. G., Saquetto, M. B., Conceição, C. S., & Souza‐Machado, A. (2018) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215518787338 · Cited by 85
Pinkstaff, S. O., Peberdy, M. A., Kontos, M. C., Finucane, S., & Arena, R. A. (2010) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0357 · Cited by 80
“Percentage of APMHR was determined by dividing maximal HR achieved during testing using several established maximal HR prediction equations (listed in Table 1).(7,8) Maximal RPP was defined as the product of the highest HR and BP obtained during the last stage of exercise.”
MethodResultThe effects of exercise on oxidative stress (TBARS) and BDNF in severely depressed inpatients
Schuch, F. B., Vasconcelos-Moreno, M. P., Borowsky, C., Zimmermann, A. B., Wollenhaupt-Aguiar, B., Ferrari, P., & Fleck, M. P. D. A. (2014) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-014-0489-5 · Cited by 94
“Tanaka formula [33].”
Bayati, M., Farzad, B., Gharakhanlou, R., & Agha-Alinejad, H. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 86
The short-term influence of exercise on axial length and intraocular pressure
Read, S. A., & Collins, M. J. (2011) · Eye · doi:10.1038/eye.2011.54 · Cited by 80
Incremental test design, peak ‘aerobic’ running speed and endurance performance in runners
Machado, F. A., Kravchychyn, A. C. P., Peserico, C. S., da Silva, D. F., & Mezzaroba, P. V. (2013) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.009 · Cited by 80
Kaleth, A. S., Chittenden, T. W., Hawkins, B. J., Hargens, T. A., Guill, S. G., Zedalis, D., Gregg, J. M., & Herbert, W. G. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.08.005 · Cited by 83
“70(age) [50].”
Fernández, J. M., Rosado-Álvarez, D., Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D., Rangel-Zúñiga, O. A., Landaeta‐Díaz, L., Caballero‐Villarraso, J., López‐Miranda, J., Pérez‐Jiménez, F., & Fuentes, F. J. (2012) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20110477 · Cited by 80
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Hashizume, H., Asano, K., Asano, M., Sassa, Y., Yokota, S., Kotozaki, Y., Nouchi, R., & Kawashima, R. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.193 · Cited by 88
Motion artifact cancellation in wearable photoplethysmography using gyroscope
Lee, H., Chung, H., & Lee, J. (2019) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2018.2879970 · Cited by 79
Zhai, B., Perez-Pozuelo, I., Clifton, E. A. D., Palotti, J., & Guan, Y. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3397325 · Cited by 84
“[49], then the ectopic beats were removed by through the methods described in Malik et al.”
MethodGatti, U. C., Migliaccio, G. C., Bogus, S. M., & Schneider, S. M. (2013) · Construction Management and Economics · doi:10.1080/01446193.2013.831463 · Cited by 79
“Therefore, HRmax was estimated as a function of participant age according to the following equation (Tanaka et al., 2001): HRmax ¼ 208 0:7 Age HRrest was calculated according to the procedure adopted by Kirk and Sullman (2001).”
MethodValidity and reliability of VO2-max measurements in persons with multiple sclerosis
Langeskov‐Christensen, M., Langeskov-Christensen, D., Overgaard, K., Møller, A. B., & Dalgas, U. (2014) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2014.04.028 · Cited by 78
Trombold, J. R., Christmas, K. M., Machin, D. R., Kim, I.-Y., & Coyle, E. F. (2013) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01028.2012 · Cited by 76
Aerobic fitness in professional soccer players after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
de Almeida, A. M., Silva, P. R. S., Pedrinelli, A., & Hernandez, A. J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194432 · Cited by 78
Holler, P., Jaunig, J., Amort, F., Tuttner, S., Hofer-Fischanger, K., Wallner, D., Simi, H., Müller, A., van Poppel, M. N. M., & Moser, O. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6719-z · Cited by 88
Muñoz, C. X., Johnson, E. C., DeMartini, J. K., Huggins, R. A., McKenzie, A. L., Casa, D. J., Maresh, C. M., & Armstrong, L. E. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.195 · Cited by 80
Burtscher, M. (2012) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000343990 · Cited by 78
Fujie, S. J., Sato, K., Miyamoto‐Mikami, E., Hasegawa, N., Fujita, S., Sanada, K., Hamaoka, T., & Iemitsu, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093545 · Cited by 79
“76 age; [23]), and (IV) RPE $18.”
O’Donovan, C., & Hussey, J. M. (2012) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.physio.2012.05.001 · Cited by 80
“Partic-ipants’ age-related predicted maximal HR was calculated as 208 − (0.7 × age) [23].”
MethodInfluentialLaukkanen, J. A., Kunutsor, S. K., Yates, T. E., Willeit, P., Kujala, U. M., Khan, H., & Zaccardi, F. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.12.030 · Cited by 80
Impact of cocoa flavanol consumption on blood pressure responsiveness to exercise
Berry, N., Davison, K., Coates, A. M., Buckley, J. D., & Howe, P. R. C. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114509993382 · Cited by 78
“They were required to ride the cycle ergometer for 10 min at a workload eliciting a HR equivalent to 75 % of their age-predicted maximum (208–(0·7 £ age (years)) £ 0·75)((19)), and their electrocardiogram was monitored by a medical practitioner to confirm their suitability to continue exercising.”
MethodHolleran, C. L., Rodriguez, K. S., Echauz, A. J., Leech, K. A., & Hornby, T. G. (2015) · Neurology Report · doi:10.1097/npt.0000000000000077 · Cited by 77
Novel Smartphone Game Improves Physical Activity Behavior in Type 2 Diabetes
Höchsmann, C., Müller, O., Ambühl, M., Klenk, C., Königstein, K., Infanger, D., Walz, S. P., & Schmidt-Trucksäss, A. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.02.017 · Cited by 67
Jørgensen, M. B., Gupta, N., Korshøj, M., Lagersted-Olsen, J., Villumsen, S., Mortensen, O. S., Skotte, J. H., Søgaard, K., Madeleine, P., Samani, A., et al. (2019) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2019.01.003 · Cited by 76
Kandola, A. A., Osborn, D., Stubbs, B., Choi, K. W., & Hayes, J. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01782-9 · Cited by 79
Physical activity and fitness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study
Nayor, M., Chernofsky, A., Spartano, N. L., Tanguay, M., Blodgett, J. B., Murthy, V. L., Malhotra, R., Houstis, N. E., Velagaleti, R. S., Murabito, J. M., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab580 · Cited by 78
Fujie, S. J., Hasegawa, N., Sato, K., Fujita, S., Sanada, K., Hamaoka, T., & Iemitsu, M. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00338.2015 · Cited by 76
Assessment of Maximal Cardiorespiratory Performance and Muscle Power in the Italian Olympic Judoka
Sbriccoli, P., Bazzucchi, I., Mario, A. D., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/r-20245.1 · Cited by 76
“(22); and (c) RER was equal or higher than 1.”
BackgroundPhysical Fitness and Heart Rate Recovery Are Decreased in Major Depressive Disorder
Boettger, S., Wetzig, F., Puta, C., Donath, L., Müller, H.-J., Gabriel, H. H. W., & Bär, K. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181a55303 · Cited by 60
DUPUIT, M., RANCE, M., MOREL, C., BOUILLON, P., PEREIRA, B., BONNET, A., MAILLARD, F., DUCLOS, M., & BOISSEAU, N. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002162 · Cited by 74
Landaeta‐Díaz, L., Fernández, J., Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D., Rosado-Álvarez, D., Gomez-Garduño, A., Gómez-Delgado, F., López‐Miranda, J., Pérez‐Jiménez, F., & Fuentes, F. J. (2012) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312445000 · Cited by 79
Revisiting age-predicted maximal heart rate: Can it be used as a valid measure of effort?
Arena, R. A., MYERS, J. N., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2015) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2015.12.006 · Cited by 74
Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Athletic Avatars while Cycling in Virtual Reality
Kocur, M., Habler, F., Schwind, V., Woźniak, P. W., Wolff, C. G., & Henze, N. (2021) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445160 · Cited by 81
“First, we provided an introduction to the hygiene measures followed by questions about the participants’ health conditions.”
BackgroundSarzynski, M. A., Rankinen, T., Earnest, C. P., Leon, A. S., Rao, D. C., Skinner, J. S., & Bouchard, C. (2013) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22431 · Cited by 74
Carrick‐Ranson, G., Hastings, J. L., Bhella, P. S., Shibata, S., Fujimoto, N., Palmer, D., Boyd, K., & Levine, B. D. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls220 · Cited by 73
“From a central component, it is clear that maximal heart rate declines (3,7,8); however, SV max has been reported to decrease (3,9,12), increase (10,11,32), or be unaffected (7,33,34) with age in healthy individuals.”
BackgroundLanghammer, B., & Stanghelle, J. K. (2009) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215509343328 · Cited by 73
No, M., & Kwak, H. (2016) · Integrative Medicine Research · doi:10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.002 · Cited by 72
Raichlen, D. A., Bharadwaj, P. K., Nguyen, L. A., Franchetti, M. K., Zigman, E. K., Solorio, A. R., & Alexander, G. E. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-1484-5 · Cited by 83
Exercise-induced euphoria and anxiolysis do not depend on endogenous opioids in humans
Siebers, M., Biedermann, S. V., Bîndilă, L., Lutz, B., & Fuß, J. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105173 · Cited by 82
Lucotti, P., Monti, L. D., Setola, E., Galluccio, E., Gatti, R., Bosi, E., & Piatti, P. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.08.002 · Cited by 77
“[20].”
Experimental effects of acute exercise duration and exercise recovery on mood state
Crush, E. A., Frith, E., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.092 · Cited by 76
McCrary, J. M., Redding, E., & ALTENMÜLLER, E. O. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252956 · Cited by 83
“Raw heart rate data were converted to % heart rate maximum (%HRmax) using common estimation methods [24, 25]: %HRmax 1⁄4 ððraw heart rate=ð208 ð0:7�ageÞÞ�100Þ: %HRmax values were then categorized by intensity according to American College of Sports Medicine definitions [26].”
Ciolac, E. G., Mantuani, S. D. S., Neiva, C. M., Verardi, C. E. L., Filho, D. M. P., & Pimenta, L. (2014) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5604/20831862.1134312 · Cited by 79
“Age-predicted maximal HR was determined using a standardized equation [35].”
MethodSchrack, J. A., Leroux, A., Fleg, J. L., Zipunnikov, V., Simonsick, E. M., Studenski, S. A., Crainiceanu, C. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly029 · Cited by 73
Amanat, S., Sinaei, E., Panji, M., MohammadporHodki, R., Bagheri-Hosseinabadi, Z., Asadimehr, H., Fararouei, M., & Dianatinasab, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.562895 · Cited by 70
Are We Reaching the Limits of Homo sapiens?
Marck, A., Antero, J., Berthelot, G., Saulière, G., Jancovici, J.-M., Masson‐Delmotte, V., Bœuf, G., Spedding, M., Bourg, É. L., & Toussaint, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00812 · Cited by 75
“For example, the normal human resting heart rate varies between 45 and 100 beats per minute (bpm), reaching a maximum of 220 bpm during intensive effort (Tanaka et al., 2001; Mason et al., 2007; Nes et al., 2013).”
BackgroundReference Equation for the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test in Children and Adolescents
Lanza, F. D. C., Zagatto, E. D. P., Silva, J. C., Selman, J. P. R., Imperatori, T. B. G., Zanatta, D. J. M., Carvalho, L. T. M., Reimberg, M. M., & Corso, S. D. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.068 · Cited by 72
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Increases Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Adult Humans
Richards, J. C., Lonac, M. C., Johnson, T. K., Schweder, M. M., & Bell, C. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181bcab6c · Cited by 70
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript Table 1 Selected subject characteristics Variable Sex (M/F) 11 / 8 Age (years) 26 ± 2 Height (m) 1.73 ± 0.17 Body Mass (kg) 71.3 ± 2.5 Body Mass Index…”
InfluentialThe 6-min walk test: responses in healthy Canadians aged 45 to 85 years
Hill, K., Wickerson, L. M., Woon, L. J., Abady, A. H., Overend, T. J., Goldstein, R. S., & Brooks, D. (2011) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h11-075 · Cited by 70
Age and regional specificity of peak limb vascular conductance in men
Proctor, D. N., Le, K. U., & Ridout, S. J. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00704.2004 · Cited by 69
“Subjects achieved an average of 101% of their agepredicted maximum heart rate (38).”
BackgroundBernard, P., Ninot, G., Bernard, P. L., Picot, M., Jaussent, A., Tallon, G., & Blain, H. (2014) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.948806 · Cited by 70
Effect of Prolonged Walking on Cardiac Troponin Levels
Eijsvogels, T. M. H., George, K., Shave, R., et al. (2010) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.08.679 · Cited by 69
Silveira, C. R. A., Roy, É., Intzandt, B., & Almeida, Q. J. (2018) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2018.01.002 · Cited by 69
Do acute effects of exercise on vascular function predict adaptation to training?
Dawson, E. A., Cable, N. T., GREEN, D. J., & Thijssen, D. H. J. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3724-8 · Cited by 69
“Subjects cycled for five, 30 minutes exercise bouts over 2 weeks on an electrically braked ergometer (Monark 874E, Sweden), with resistance adjusted to maintain a stable and individually determined exercise intensity at 80% maximal heart rate (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
InfluentialNew Data-based Cutoffs for Maximal Exercise Criteria across the Lifespan
Wagner, J., Niemeyer, M., Infanger, D., Hinrichs, T., Streese, L., Hanssen, H., MYERS, J. N., Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A., & Knaier, R. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002344 · Cited by 68
Silva, M. A. R. D., Baptista, L. C. P., Neves, R. S., de França, E., Loureiro, H., Lira, F. S., Caperuto, É. C., Veríssimo, M. T., & Martins, R. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00572 · Cited by 80
Franco, I., Bianco, A., Mirizzi, A., Campanella, A., Bonfiglio, C., Sorino, P., Notarnicola, M., Tutino, V., Cozzolongo, R., Giannuzzi, V., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010066 · Cited by 73
“To establish the age-predicted maximal heart rate, we used the formulas of Tanaka [46].”
MethodBote, E., García, J. J., Hinchado, M. D., & Ortega, E. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.009 · Cited by 67
Golubić, R., Martin, K. R., Ekelund, U., Hardy, R., Kuh, D. J., Wareham, N. J., Cooper, R., Brage, S., & teams, O. B. O. T. N. S. A. D. C. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-11-58 · Cited by 68
“The test was terminated earlier if HR reached 90% of age-predicted maximal HR [44] or was continuously above 80% of age-predicted maximal HR for 2 minutes.”
BackgroundFramework for personalized and adaptive game-based training programs in health sport
Hardy, S., Dutz, T., Wiemeyer, J., Göbel, S. P., & Steinmetz, R. (2014) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-014-2009-z · Cited by 66
“Based on a meta-analysis, Tanaka, Monahan, and Seal propose different equations depending on gender and physical activity [29].”
Ambient Intelligence Systems for Personalized Sport Training
Vales‐Alonso, J., López-Matencio, P., González-Castaño, F. J., et al. (2010) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s100302359 · Cited by 67
Müller, J., Ewert, P., & Hager, A. (2017) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.05.005 · Cited by 66
Sugawara, J., Komine, H., Hayashi, K., Yoshizawa, M., Otsuki, T., Shimojo, N., Miyauchi, T., Yokoi, T., Maeda, S., & Tanaka, H. (2008) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.04.007 · Cited by 66
“7) [16].”
Self-citationEvans, H., Ferrar, K., Smith, A. E., Parfitt, G., & Eston, R. G. (2014) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.03.006 · Cited by 66
Evaluation of a treadmill test for predicting the aerobic capacity of firefighters
Mier, C. M. (2004) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqh008 · Cited by 70
“The traditional equation underestimates HRmax in older individuals and tends to overestimate HRmax in younger individuals [13,14].”
BackgroundYeh, T.-T., Chang, K., & Wu, C. (2019) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.12.020 · Cited by 67
Deley, G., Kervio, G., Van Hoecke, J., Verges, B., Grassi, B., & Casillas, J.-M. (2007) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324707 · Cited by 66
Sun, H., & Gao, Y. (2015) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2014.12.004 · Cited by 66
“7 × age).(29) The following criteria were used to determine the intensity level: an intensity of 55%–65% HRmax for low PA level (110–130 bpm for this age of students in the current study), 65%–75% HRmax for moderate PA level (130–150 bpm), and 75%–90% HRmax for vigorous level (150–180 bpm).”
MethodGreek traditional dances and quality of old people's life
Mavrovouniotis, F., Argiriadou, E. A., & Papaioannou, C. S. (2009) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.11.005 · Cited by 67
The influence of active seating on car passengers' perceived comfort and activity levels
Mastrigt, S. H., Kamp, I., Veen, S. A. T. V., Vink, P., & Bosch, T. (2014) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2014.10.004 · Cited by 73
Determination of Maximal Lactate Steady State in Healthy Adults: Can NIRS Help?
BELLOTTI, C., CALABRIA, E., CAPELLI, C., & POGLIAGHI, S. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182828ab2 · Cited by 65
SARZYNSKI, M. A., RICE, T. K., DESPRÉS, J.-P., PÉRUSSE, L., TREMBLAY, A., STANFORTH, P. R., TCHERNOF, A., BARBER, J. L., FALCIANI, F., CLISH, C., et al. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002859 · Cited by 62
dos Santos, E. S., Asano, R. Y., Filho, I. G. D. S., Lopes, N. L., Panelli, P., Nascimento, D. D. C., Collier, S. R., & Prestes, J. (2014) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000537 · Cited by 63
No Effect of Exercise Intensity on Appetite in Highly-Trained Endurance Women
Howe, S. M., Hand, T. M., Larson‐Meyer, D. E., Austin, K. J., Alexander, B. M., & Manore, M. M. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8040223 · Cited by 64
“7 ˆ age in year)) [15]; (4) RPE ě 17.”
Amaro‐Gahete, F. J., De‐la‐O, A., Jurado‐Fasoli, L., Dote‐Montero, M., Gutiérrez, Á., Ruiz, J. R., & Castillo, M. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00451 · Cited by 65
“73 ∗ age) (Tanaka et al., 2001) were established as the criteria for achieving VO2max.”
MethodDomaradzki, J., Cichy, I., Rokita, A., & Popowczak, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17030876 · Cited by 77
Metabolic Demand of Hiking in Wildland Firefighting
Sol, J. A., Ruby, B. C., Gaskill, S. E., Dumke, C. L., & Domitrovich, J. W. (2018) · Wilderness and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.wem.2018.03.006 · Cited by 72
“7 * age.(29) The estimated percentage of HRmax while hiking (%HRmax1⁄4hiking HR / estimated HRmax) was used as an approximation of the level of exertion across each type of hike (ingress, shift, egress, and training).”
MethodContinuous Detection of Physiological Stress with Commodity Hardware
Mishra, V., Pope, G., Lord, S., Lewia, S., Lowens, B. M., Caine, K. E., Sen, S., Halter, R. J., & Kotz, D. F. (2020) · ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare · doi:10.1145/3361562 · Cited by 69
“Based on previous research conducted to find the maximum human heart rate [21, 51], we set our upper bound to 220 bpm.”
MethodPhysical Fitness and the Level of Technical and Tactical Training of Kickboxers
Rydzik, Ł., & Ambroży, T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18063088 · Cited by 63
“7*age) [29] HRI—heart rate during I part [beats/min.”
BackgroundGoldilocks Days: optimising children’s time use for health and well-being
Dumuid, D., Olds, T., Lange, K., Edwards, B., Lycett, K., Burgner, D. P., Simm, P. J., Dwyer, T., Le, H., & Wake, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2021-216686 · Cited by 64
Fontana, F. Y., Keir, D. A., Bellotti, C., De Roia, G. F., Murias, J. M., & Pogliaghi, S. (2015) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.016 · Cited by 63
Marusiak, J., Fisher, B. E., Jaskólska, A., Słotwiński, K., Budrewicz, S. P., Koszewicz, M. A., Kisiel‐Sajewicz, K., Kamiński, B., & Jaskólski, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16050880 · Cited by 63
Ninio, D. M., Hill, A. M., Howe, P. R. C., Buckley, J. D., & Saint, D. A. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508959225 · Cited by 62
“Subjects in each group were also randomised to undertake either three sessions of aerobic exercise per week for 45min at a HR which corresponded to 75% of their age-predicted maximum (208 2 (0·7 £ age))((27)), or no formal exercise.”
MethodAamot, I., Forbord, S. H., Karlsen, T., & Støylen, A. (2013) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.07.019 · Cited by 69
Functioning of the Attentional Networks at Rest vs. During Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise
Huertas, F., Zahonero, J., Sanabria, D., & Lupiáñez, J. (2011) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.33.5.649 · Cited by 62
A comparison of physical activity (PA) assessment tools across levels of frailty
Theou, O., Jakobi, J. M., Vandervoort, A. A., & Jones, G. R. (2011) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2011.12.005 · Cited by 62
“7 * age) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
Criterion validity of a 10-category scale for ranking physical activity in Norwegian women
Borch, K. B., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., & Lund, E. (2012) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-2 · Cited by 62
“In addition to their utility for individual calibration of free-living heart rate data, the parameters of the step test were used to estimate VO2max (mL/kg/min) by extrapolating each individual’s sub-maximal HR-PAEE relationship to age-predicted maximum HR [12] and adding an estimate of resting metabolic rate [13].”
Methodda Conceição, N. R., Gobbi, L. T. B., Nóbrega‐Sousa, P., Orcioli‐Silva, D., Beretta, V. S., Lirani‐Silva, E., Okano, A. H., & Vitório, R. R. (2021) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/15459683211019344 · Cited by 61
I'm too calm--let's take a risk! On the impact of state and trait arousal on risk taking.
Schmidt, B., Mussel, P., & Hewig, J. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12032 · Cited by 64
Kahle, L. E., Kelly, P. V., Eliot, K. A., & Weiss, E. P. (2013) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.04.009 · Cited by 61
“7 × age in years [33], and this value was considered VO2max.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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