The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 31 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the validity of the HRmax equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults. METHODS First, a meta-analytic approach was used to collect group mean HRmax values from 351 studies involving 492 groups and 18,712 subjects. Subsequently, the new equation was cross-validated in a well-controlled, laboratory-based study in which HRmax was measured in 514 healthy subjects. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, HRmax was strongly related to age (r = -0.90), using the equation of 208 - 0.7 x age. The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 - 0.7 x age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis. The regression line was not different between men and women, nor was it influenced by wide variations in habitual physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS 1) A regression equation to predict HRmax is 208 - 0.7 x age in healthy adults. 2) HRmax is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status. Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HRmax…
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Claims the paper makes
15 Own interpretation · 13 Own result · 9 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 2 No basis given · 1 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“However, similar to the original reports by Fox and Haskell (7,8), these studies probably or definitely included subjects with cardiovascular disease who smoked and/or were taking cardiac medications.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Londeree, 1984, Influence of age and other factors on maximal heart rate, J Cardiac Rehabil
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Partly supportedcites [11] Sheffield, 1978, Maximal heart rate and treadmill performance of healthy women in relation to age, Circulation sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Subjects and Methods (p. 1) reports that three volunteers took mild antihypertensive medications and that none had been told she had cardiovascular disease other than elevated blood pressure. This supports the medication concern in part, but the paper does not report that its volunteers smoked or had other known cardiovascular disease. Its introduction (p. 1) also says medication use was unreported in an earlier study, not that those subjects definitely took medication. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“using the equation of 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The regression equation, when all the subjects were combined, was 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation obtained in the laboratory-based study (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plainn = 514- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, a regression equation for estimating HR max is 208 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age in healthy adult humans, which is significantly different from the traditional 220 Ϫ age equation.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression equation for HR max (209 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) was virtually identical to that obtained from the meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“the rate of decline in HR max observed in the present study is very similar to that reported previously for intrinsic heart rate determined after cardiac autonomic blockade (Ϫ0.6 Ϫ 0.8 beats/min per year) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age alone explained ϳ80% of the individual variance in HR max .”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, no significant differences in the HR max regression equation were observed between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age in both men and women.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“or between sedentary (212 Ϫ 0.7 ϫ age) and endurance-trained (205 Ϫ 0.6 ϫ age) subjects.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The rate of decline and the y intercepts were not different between men and women”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Data from treadmill and cycle ergometers were evaluated together and separately.There were no differences in the results between the two analyses.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The maximal respiratory exchange ratio (1.17 Ϯ 0.06) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (19.1 Ϯ 0.8) were not different across ages, suggesting consistently similar voluntary maximal efforts.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and habitual physical activity status.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Second, HR max is predicted, to a large extent, by age alone and is independent of gender and physical activity status.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 18,712- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“consistent with the present findings, gender (14) and habitual physical activity (16) do not appear to influence intrinsic heart rate in humans.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the traditional equation underestimates HR max past age 40 years, markedly so in older adults.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Our findings suggest that the currently used equation underestimates HR max in older adults.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Conclusions.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted HR max equation (i.e., 220 Ϫ age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] Fletcher, 1997, How to implement physical activity in primary and secondary prevention, Circulation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Tanaka, 1997, Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women, J Appl Physiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“use of the prevailing prediction equation would result in premature termination of the test and possibly failure to attain required exertion levels for diagnostic validity.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“To ensure that each subject achieved maximal exertion, at least three of the following four criteria were met by each subject: 1) a plateau in VO 2 with increasing exercise intensity (Ͻ100 ml); 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of at least 1.15; 3) a maximal respiratory rate of at least 35 breaths/min; and 4) a rating of perceived exertion of at least 18 units on the Borg scale (5).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] Howley, 1995, Criteria for maximal oxygen uptake, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Each of these conditions influences HR max independent of age (10,12,13).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Whaley, 1992, Predictors of over- and underachievement of age-predicted maximal heart rate, Med Sci Sports Exerc source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Wilmore, 1985, Acute response to submaximal and maximal exercise consequent to beta-adrenergic blockade, Am J Cardiol source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [13] Graettinger, 1995, Relationship of left ventricular structure to maximal heart rate during exercise, Chest source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To eliminate the potentially confounding influence of severe obesity, only subjects with a body mass index Ͻ35 kg/m 2 were included.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Subjects Ͼ50 years of age were further evaluated by physical examination and by rest and maximal exercise electrocardiography ECG (3).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Gibbons, 1997, ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing, J Am Coll Cardiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The age-predicted equation was determined “arbitrarily” from a total of 10 studies.The highest age included was Ͻ65 years, with the majority of subjects being Յ55 years old.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7] Fox, 1970, The exercise stress test
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] Fox, 1971, Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease, Ann Clin Res source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because we have previously shown that weighted results by sample size were not significantly different from unweighted results (6), no weighting scheme was used in the present meta-analysis.”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Meta-analytic study.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Fitzgerald, 1997, Age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary females, J Appl Physiol source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“It has been postulated that the primary mechanism is related to an age-related decline in intrinsic heart rate (i.e., independent of autonomic influences) (14,15).”
§ Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate Revisited > Mechanisms.
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Jose, 1970, The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man, Cardiovasc Res source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [15] de Marneffe, 1986, Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age, Eur Heart J source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.
“The latter limitation is crucial in that older adults demonstrate the highest prevalence of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older adults are often reluctant or unable to measure HRmax directly because of concerns about the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.
“Importantly, older adults are a population in which there is often a reluctance or an inability to measure HR max directly, owing to concerns related to the physiologic stress imposed by strenuous exercise.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The 220 − age HRmax prediction equation is used in older adults more than in any other population.
“Thus, ironically, the 220 Ϫ age HR max prediction equation is used in this population more than in any other.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“The standard deviation for error between predicted and directly-measured maximal heart rate is roughly 13bpm [43].”
From Resting heart rate is a population-level biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness: The Fenland Study (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it's utility has been challenged [ 32 , 33 ].”
From Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“The age-associated decline in maximal heart rate is typically reported to be unaltered by exercise training,139-142 but some evidence suggests that the decline in maximal heart rate with age can be attenuated by vigorous exercise.143-145”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [142]
Citations
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MethodSelf-citation
Cited by
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“Maximal heart rate (HRmax) is widely used as a criterion for achieving peak exertion in the determination of maximal aerobic capacity [35].”
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“Afterward, this the speed was increased by 1 km h−1 every 2 min until reaching 85% of the heart rate (HRmax) previously calculated using the equation proposed by Tanaka et al (2001).”
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“Few athletes (2 for each style), not familiar with the cycle ergometer (personal communication of the coach), interrupted the test for pain and exhaustion of the lower limb muscles when the heart rate was lower than the age predicted value (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
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van Dongen, E. V., Kersten, I., Wagner, I. C., Morris, R., & Fernández, G. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.071 · Cited by 146
Evidence for an exercise induced increase of TNF ‐α and IL ‐6 in marathon runners
Bernecker, C., Scherr, J., Schinner, S., Braun, S., Scherbaum, W. A., & Halle, M. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01372.x · Cited by 151
“HRmax of the available participants (n = 11) was assessed through exercise testing, for all others, it was calculated by the formula: HRmax = 208–0.7 ¥ age (years) (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialEffects of recommended levels of physical activity on pregnancy outcomes
Melzer, K., Schütz, Y., Soehnchen, N., Othenin‐Girard, V., de Tejada, B. M., Irion, O. P., Boulvain, M., & Kayser, B. (2009) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.876 · Cited by 133
Kusumoto, F. M., Schoenfeld, M. H., Barrett, C., Edgerton, J. R., Ellenbogen, K. A., Gold, M. R., Goldschlager, N. F., Hamilton, R. M., Joglar, J. A., Kim, R. J., et al. (2019) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.10.037 · Cited by 131
Köbe, T., Witte, A. V., Schnelle, A., Lesemann, A., Fabian, S., Tesky, V. A., Pantel, J., & Flöel, A. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.050 · Cited by 138
“8 × age)) (Tanaka et al., 2001) and a respiratory exchange ratio ≥ 1.”
InfluentialNiedermeier, M., Einwanger, J., Hartl, A. J., & Kopp, M. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177719 · Cited by 134
“When expressed in percentage of the age predicted maximum heart rate after the formula of [49], mean HR in intervention time was 59 (57–63) % during condition M and 57 (54–59) % during condition T, respectively.”
BackgroundStavrinos, E. L., & Coxon, J. P. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01078 · Cited by 125
Exercise-Induced Cardiac Troponin I Increase and Incident Mortality and Cardiovascular Events
Aengevaeren, V. L., Hopman, M. T. E., Thompson, P. D., Bakker, E. A., George, K., Thijssen, D. H. J., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.041627 · Cited by 133
“Hypercholesterolemia 106 (15) 90 (14) 16 (25) 0.”
Schuch, F. B., Vasconcelos-Moreno, M. P., Borowsky, C., Zimmermann, A. B., Rocha, N. S., & Fleck, M. P. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.005 · Cited by 130
“The maximum heart rate was estimated using the formula proposed by Tanaka (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodDergaa, I., Saad, H. B., Omri, A. E., Glenn, J. M., Clark, C. C. T., Washif, J. A., Guelmami, N., Hammouda, O., Al-Horani, R., Reynoso-Sánchez, L. F., et al. (2023) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2024.133661 · Cited by 133
Subclinical hypothyroidism and functional mobility in older adults
Simonsick, E. M. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.392 · Cited by 129
Brage, S., Brage, N., Ekelund, U., Luan, J., Franks, P. W., Froberg, K., & Wareham, N. J. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0112-6 · Cited by 127
“When participants were unable to complete the protocol, HR had reached at least 90% of age-predicted maximal HR (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
BackgroundZoladz, J. A., Majerczak, J., Żeligowska, E., Mencel, J., Jaskólski, A., Jaskólska, A., & Marusiak, J. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 127
Adjuvant Trastuzumab Induces Ventricular Remodeling Despite Aerobic Exercise Training
Haykowsky, M. J., Mackey, J. R., Thompson, R. B., Jones, L. W., & Paterson, D. I. (2009) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0628 · Cited by 127
Strength and agility training in adolescents with Down syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Lin, H., & Wuang, Y.-P. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.017 · Cited by 139
Hall, J. P., Swinkels, A., Briddon, J., & McCabe, C. (2008) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.09.054 · Cited by 122
Alkatan, M., Baker, J. R., Machin, D. R., Park, W., Akkari, A. S., Pasha, E. P., & Tanaka, H. (2016) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.151110 · Cited by 121
Self-citationFranklin, B. A., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Pandey, A., Quindry, J., & Toth, P. P. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100425 · Cited by 121
“Moreover, the validity of this equation has never been established in a sample that included a sufficient number of older adults; accordingly, it ’ s utility has been challenged [32,33].”
Effects of Exercise Intensity on Flow Mediated Dilation in Healthy Humans
Birk, G., Dawson, E. A., Batterham, A. M., Atkinson, G., Cable, N. T., Thijssen, D. H. J., & GREEN, D. J. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1323829 · Cited by 122
Exercise Testing in Sports Medicine
Löllgen, H., & Leyk, D. (2018) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2018.0409 · Cited by 139
Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health with lifelong exercise
Gries, K. J., Raue, U., Perkins, R. K., Lavin, K. M., Overstreet, B. S., D’Acquisto, L. J., Graham, B., Finch, W. H., Kaminsky, L. A., Trappe, T. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00174.2018 · Cited by 122
Timpka, S., Petersson, I. F., Zhou, C., & Englund, M. (2014) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-62 · Cited by 120
“5) [22].”
Maximal Aerobic Capacity Testing of Older Adults: A Critical Review
Huggett, D. L., Connelly, D. M., & Overend, T. J. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.1.57 · Cited by 117
“73 age)] equation for maximum HR described by Tanaka and associates (68), would allow more individuals to meet the criteria, or perhaps VO2peak data provide sufficient information for our current purposes in using maximal aerobic capacity data.”
BackgroundValidade das equações preditivas da frequência cardíaca máxima para crianças e adolescentes
Machado, F. A., & Denadai, B. S. (2011) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2011005000078 · Cited by 120
Clinical Utility of the 2-Minute Walk Test for Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care
Connelly, D. M., Thomas, B. K., Cliffe, S. J., Perry, W. M., & Smith, R. (2009) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/physio.61.2.78 · Cited by 120
Association of 20-Year Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Carnethon, M. R., Sternfeld, B., Schreiner, P. J., Jacobs, D. R., Lewis, C. E., Liu, K., & Sidney, S. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1971 · Cited by 99
“Fasting insulin was analyzed with a radioimmunoassay technique that used an overnight equilibrium incubation (17,18).”
MethodEstimating Absolute and Relative Physical Activity Intensity Across Age via Accelerometry in Adults
Miller, N. E., Strath, S. J., Swartz, A. M., & Cashin, S. E. (2010) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.18.2.158 · Cited by 117
“Results from the submaximal test were used to predict VO 2max by using the extrapolation of heart-rate value to an age-predicted maximal heart rate (208 – [0.7 × age]; Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodInfluentialVarela, S., Ayán, C., Carral, J. M. C., & Martín, V. (2011) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215511425835 · Cited by 119
“8 age).(20) Resting heart rate was measured for a full minute early in the morning after the patient got out of bed.”
BackgroundNew records in aerobic power among octogenarian lifelong endurance athletes
Trappe, S. W., Hayes, E., Galpin, A. J., Kaminsky, L. A., Jemioło, B., Fink, W., Trappe, T. A., Jansson, A., Gustafsson, T. P., & Tesch, P. A. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01107.2012 · Cited by 111
“Decreases in maximal heart rate have generally been viewed as the primary cause for a reduction in aerobic capacity with age (22, 26, 55), although this is not universally accepted in aging ( 60 yr) athletes (47).”
BackgroundAlves, C. R. R., Gualano, B., Takao, P. P., Avakian, P., Fernandes, R. M., Morine, D., & Takito, M. Y. (2012) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.34.4.539 · Cited by 124
Hassib, M., Buschek, D., Woźniak, P. W., & Alt, F. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025758 · Cited by 117
“7 ∗ Age ) [29].”
Baguley, B. J., Bolam, K. A., Wright, O. R. L., & Skinner, T. L. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9091003 · Cited by 118
“Whilst one intervention did not describe the intensity of exercise [52], moderate-vigorous intensity the other two interventions reported exercise intensity as 55–80% APMHR, with a rating of perceived exertion ranging from 11 to 13 (on a scale from 6 to 20) [16,17].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRapp, D., Scharhag, J., Wagenpfeil, S., & Scholl, J. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018697 · Cited by 120
6-Minute walk distance in healthy North Africans older than 40 years: Influence of parity
Saad, H. B., PREFAUT, C. G., Tabka, Z., Mtir, A. H., Chemit, M., Hassaoune, R., Abid, T. B., Zara, K., Mercier, G., Zbidi, A., et al. (2008) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2008.07.023 · Cited by 116
“7 age].(25) In addition to 6-MWD (m), SP (mmHg) (SP1, SP2), DP (mmHg) (DP1, DP2), Hr (Hr1, %Hr1, Hr2, %Hr2) and sat (sat1, sat2) were noted.”
Maximal Exercise Test Results in Subacute Stroke
Tang, A., Sibley, K. M., Thomas, S. G., McIlroy, W. E., & Brooks, D. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.04.016 · Cited by 116
Varady, K. A., Bhutani, S., Klempel, M. C., & Kroeger, C. M. (2011) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-10-119 · Cited by 116
“7 × age)] [18] and a Polar Heart Rate Monitor (Polar USA, Inc.”
BackgroundPanteleimon Ekkekakis, A., Backhouse, S. H., Gray, C., & Lind, E. (2007) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.04.004 · Cited by 118
“This finding is contrary to previous reports on young participants, summarized by Thayer (1989), in which short walks had positive effects that were still detectable after 2–4 h.”
ResultMartins, R. A., Neves, A. P., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Veríssimo, M. T., & Teixeira, A. M. (2010) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1488-5 · Cited by 117
“The maximal HR was estimated with the equation 208 i 0.7 £ age ( Tanaka et al. 2001 ).”
MethodInfluentialLow-Power Wireless ECG Acquisition and Classification System for Body Sensor Networks
Lee, S.-Y., Hong, J.-H., Hsieh, C., Liang, M., Chien, S.-Y. C., & Lin, K.-H. (2014) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2014.2310354 · Cited by 114
“The transistor-based pseudoresistors not only determine the zero/pole of the H(s) but also supply the required dc voltage of the amplifier’s input on the feedback path.”
BackgroundMethodThe combination of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, and mortality risk
Kim, Y., White, T., Wijndaele, K., Westgate, K. L., Sharp, S. J., Helge, J. W., Wareham, N. J., & Brage, S. (2018) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-018-0384-x · Cited by 113
“Linear regression was performed to predict workload from heart rate (S4 Material in Appendix); the established linear relationship was then extrapolated to age-predicted maximum heart rate [26] to estimate an individual’s maximal power (watts) as an indicator of Y.”
MethodDębska, M., Polechoński, J., Mynarski, A., & Polechoński, P. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16193673 · Cited by 114
Optimizing Outcomes in Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Importance of Exercise Intensity
Taylor, J. L., Bonikowske, A. R., & Olson, T. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.734278 · Cited by 128
Itoh, H., Ajisaka, R., Koike, A., Makita, S., Omiya, K., Kato, Y., Adachi, H., Nagayama, M., Maeda, T., Tajima, A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.09.010 · Cited by 113
Functional Capacity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals Post Stroke
Muren, M. A., Hütler, M., & Hooper, J. (2008) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1501-51 · Cited by 113
Variable Intensive Early Walking Poststroke (VIEWS)
Hornby, T. G., Holleran, C. L., Hennessy, P. W., Leddy, A. L., Connolly, M., Camardo, J., Woodward, J. L., Mahtani, G. B., Lovell, L. L., & Roth, E. J. (2015) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968315604396 · Cited by 112
Camarda, S. R. D. A., Tebexreni, A. S., Páfaro, C. N., Sasai, F. B., Tambeiro, V. L., Juliano, Y., & Neto, T. L. D. B. (2008) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2008001700005 · Cited by 116
Contributions of Stepping Intensity and Variability to Mobility in Individuals Poststroke
Hornby, T. G., Henderson, C. E., Plawecki, A., Lucas, E., Lotter, J., Holthus, M. E., Brazg, G., Fahey, M., Woodward, J. L., Ardestani, M. M., et al. (2019) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.119.026254 · Cited by 111
Lafortuna, C. L., Agosti, F., Galli, R., Busti, C., Lazzer, S., & Sartório, A. (2008) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0758-y · Cited by 111
“According to Tanaka et al. (2001), this was calculated in NW subjects as HRmax = 208 - 0.7 9 age (years); in OB subjects, the formula HRmax = 200 - 0.5 9 age (years) was used (Miller et al. 1993); the average R2 value relative to the HR–VO2 regression line used for this calculation was 0.983 ±…”
MethodInfluentialChanges in maximal aerobic capacity with age in endurance-trained women: 7-yr follow-up
Eskurza, I., Donato, A. J., Moreau, K. L., Seals, D. R., & Tanaka, H. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01124.2001 · Cited by 108
“However, consistent with our previous crosssectional results (6, 18, 19), there was no obvious association between reductions in maximal heart rate and habitual exercise status.”
ResultSelf-citationLifelong Voluntary Exercise Modulates Age-Related Changes in Oxidative Stress
Bouzid, M. A., Filaire, E., Matran, R., Robin, S., & Fabre, C. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-119882 · Cited by 110
“[44].”
Heinrich, K. M., Becker, C., Carlisle, T. B., Gilmore, K. E., Hauser, J., Frye, J., & Harms, C. A. (2015) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12338 · Cited by 106
“Heart rate for age was calculated as recommended by Tanaka et al. (2001) (MaxHR = 208– 0.7 9 age).”
MethodInfluentialPulmonary Gas Exchange and Acid‐Base Balance During Exercise
Stickland, M. K., Lindinger, M. I., Olfert, I. M., Heigenhauser, G. J. F., & Hopkins, S. R. (2013) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c110048 · Cited by 106
Floegel, A., Wientzek, A., Bachlechner, U., Jacobs, S., Drogan, D., Prehn, C. P., Adamski, J., Krumsiek, J., Schulze, M. B., Pischon, T., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.39 · Cited by 111
Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Mora-González, J., Migueles, J. H., Martín‐Matillas, M., Gómez-Vida, J. M., Escolano-Margarit, M. V., Maldonado, J. A., Enriquez, G. M., Pastor‐Villaescusa, B., de Teresa, C., et al. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.02.007 · Cited by 108
“0 mL·kg·min), achieving N85% of age-predicted HRmax [45] and a RER of ≥1.”
BackgroundAdvances in the Evaluation of Respiratory Pathophysiology during Exercise in Chronic Lung Diseases
O’Donnell, D. E., Elbehairy, A. F., Berton, D. C., Domnik, N. J., & Neder, J. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00082 · Cited by 105
“Additionally, peak HR declines by 0.7 beats.min−1.year−1 (Tanaka et al., 2001) as a result of reduced beta(β)-adrenergic responsiveness with advancing age, which is partially offset by exercise-induced ventricular dilation (Filburn and Lakatta, 1984; Fleg et al., 1994; Brubaker and Kitzman, 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialSteell, L., Ho, F. K. W., Sillars, A., Petermann-Rocha, F. E., Li, H., Lyall, D. M., Iliodromiti, S., Welsh, P. I., Anderson, J. J., Mackay, D., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099093 · Cited by 100
Celis-Morales, C. A., Lyall, D. M., Steell, L., Gray, S. R., Iliodromiti, S., Anderson, J. J., Mackay, D., Welsh, P. I., Yates, T. E., Pell, J. P., et al. (2018) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1063-1 · Cited by 103
“7 × age) [18] assuming a linear relationship [19].”
BackgroundReduced exercise arteriovenous O2difference in Type 2 diabetes
Baldi, J. C., Aoina, J. L., Oxenham, H., Bagg, W., & Doughty, R. N. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00879.2002 · Cited by 100
“10, and 3) achievement of age-predicted heart rate (31).”
BackgroundPractical Approaches to Prescribing Physical Activity and Monitoring Exercise Intensity
Reed, J. L., & Pipe, A. L. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.024 · Cited by 100
“84 age) Tanaka et al.(47) HRmax 1⁄4 208 (0.”
Bouzid, M. A., Hammouda, O., Matran, R., Robin, S., & Fabre, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090420 · Cited by 103
Exercise for the heart: signaling pathways
Tao, L., Bei, Y., Zhang, H., Xiao, J., & Li, X. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.4770 · Cited by 99
“It can be obtained by subtracting the person’s age from 220 [11].”
BackgroundPhysical activity levels determine exercise-induced changes in brain excitability
Lulic-Kuryllo, T., El‐Sayes, J., Fassett, H. J., & Nelson, A. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173672 · Cited by 112
Carvalho, A. A., Barbirato, D., Santos, T. M., Coutinho, E. S. F., Laks, J., Deslandes, A. C., de Araújo, N. B., Martins, J., & Cavalcanti, J. L. D. S. (2015) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s68779 · Cited by 102
Midgley, A. W., McNaughton, L. R., & Carroll, S. (2006) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-023 · Cited by 100
“In relation to _ VO2 max determination, the secondary criterion based on age-predicted HRmax has been criticised because of the large inter-individual variation in HRmax for any particular age (Tanaka et al. 2001).”
BackgroundCardiac Pacemaker Activity and Aging
Peters, C. H., Sharpe, E. J., & Proenza, C. (2019) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034453 · Cited by 98
III Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre teste ergométrico
Meneghelo, R., Araújo, C., Stein, R., Le, M., Albuquerque, P., & Serra, S. (2010) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2010002400001 · Cited by 97
Tracking EEG changes in response to alpha and beta binaural beats
Vernon, D. J., Peryer, G., Louch, J., & Shaw, M. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.008 · Cited by 97
Influence of Running and Walking on Hormonal Regulators of Appetite in Women
Larson‐Meyer, D. E., Palm, S. M., Bansal, A., Austin, K. J., Hart, A. M., & Alexander, B. M. (2012) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2012/730409 · Cited by 96
“7× age)] [30]; (4) rating of perceived exertion (RPE) ≥ 17.”
Kinetics and kinematics analysis of incremental cycling to exhaustion
Bini, R. R., & Diefenthaeler, F. (2010) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763141.2010.540672 · Cited by 94
“This test aimed to measure the power output where the cyclists achieved 90% of the predicted maximal heart rate (Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals, 2001 ).”
BackgroundHolleran, C. L., Straube, D. D., Kinnaird, C. R., Leddy, A. L., & Hornby, T. G. (2014) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968314521001 · Cited by 96
Prestes, J., de Lima, C., Frollini, A. B., Donatto, F. F., & Conte, M. (2009) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181874bf3 · Cited by 108
Groarke, J. D., Tanguturi, V. K., Hainer, J. M., Klein, J., Moslehi, J. J., Ng, A. K., Forman, D. E., Carli, M. F. D., & Nohria, A. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.035 · Cited by 94
“Elevated resting HR HR $80 beats/min at rest (10) Abnormal HRR (HR at peak exercise – HR at 1 min of recovery) #12 beats/min for ETTs involving an active cool-down (11,31) and #18 beats/min for ETTs involving passive recovery (31,32) Secondary endpoints METs Workload estimated from treadmill speed and grade % APMHR ac…”
BackgroundPrediction of Maximal or Peak Oxygen Uptake from Ratings of Perceived Exertion
Coquart, J. B., Garcin, M., Parfitt, G., Tourny, C., & Eston, R. G. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0139-5 · Cited by 91
“7 9 age) [16].”
BackgroundLeech, K. A., & Hornby, T. G. (2016) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4532 · Cited by 96
Chapman, C. L., Johnson, B. D., Sackett, J. R., Parker, M. D., & Schlader, Z. J. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2018 · Cited by 92
O’Neill, C., Proietti, T., Nuckols, K., et al. (2020) · IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters · doi:10.1109/lra.2020.2982861 · Cited by 92
“7 × age, [27]) before averaging over each bout of stretching.”
BackgroundPredictors of cardiac troponin release after a marathon
Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Hoogerwerf, M. D., Maessen, M. F. H., Seeger, J. P. H., George, K., Hopman, M. T. E., & Thijssen, D. H. J. (2014) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.12.002 · Cited by 99
“4 [3-18] hours per week and had completed 8±16 [0-102] marathons in the past, with a mean personal record (marathon PR) of 210±22 [166-256] minutes.”
BackgroundShe, J., Nakamura, H., Makino, K., et al. (2014) · Machine Intelligence Research · doi:10.1007/s11633-014-0824-3 · Cited by 91
“Tanaka et al.([18]) pointed out the problem that insufficient data on the elderly was used to derive maximum-heart-rate formulas.”
MethodDose-Response Effects of Exercise Duration and Recovery on Cognitive Functioning
Crush, E. A., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512517726920 · Cited by 91
“The five HRmax equations from which we derived our HRR equation are from: (a) Fox et al. (1971): 220-age, (b) Astrand (1952): 216.6 – (0.84 age), (c) Tanaka, Monahan, and Seals (2001): 208 – (0.7 age), (d) Gellish et al. (2007): 207 – (0.7 age), and (e) Gulati et al. (2010): 206 – (0.88 age).”
InfluentialSammito, S., Thielmann, B., Klußmann, A., Deußen, A., Braumann, K.-M., & Böckelmann, I. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12995-024-00414-9 · Cited by 116
“The most commonly used empirical formula for estimating the HR max is [3]: However, this formula underestimates the HR max in individuals > 40 years of age [4].”
MethodNascimento, C. M. C., Ayán, C., Carral, J. M. C., Gobbi, L. T. B., Gobbi, S., & Stella, F. (2013) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12082 · Cited by 92
Wanderley, F. A. C., Moreira, A. M., Sokhatska, O., Palmares, C., Moreira, P. A. M., SANDERCOCK, G. R. H., de Oliveira, J. J. F., & Carvalho, J. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.002 · Cited by 94
“For the calculation of HRReserve, maximum heart rate was estimated as HRmax=208−0.7 (age) as suggested by Tanaka et al. (2001).”
MethodInfluentialAn Algorithm for Real-Time Pulse Waveform Segmentation and Artifact Detection in Photoplethysmograms
Fischer, C., Dömer, B., Wibmer, T., & Penzel, T. (2016) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2016.2518202 · Cited by 95
“4 s which corresponds to a pulse rate from 220 to 25 beats/min [53]–[55], and for the number of diastolic peaks up to 2 [9], [10].”
BackgroundPredicting walking METs and energy expenditure from speed or accelerometry
BROOKS, A. G., GUNN, S. M., WITHERS, R. T., GORE, C. J., & PLUMMER, J. L. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000170074.19649.0e · Cited by 73
A new table for prevention of hypoglycaemia during physical activity in type 1 diabetic patients
Grimm, J., Ybarra, J., Berne, C., Muchnick, S., & Golay, A. (2004) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70144-1 · Cited by 91
“Assuming that the theoretical maximal heart rate (MHR) was 220 bpm — patient’s age [28], the percentage of MHR obtained could be further assessed for each single patient.”
BackgroundTsukamoto, H., Suga, T., Takenaka, S., Tanaka, D., Takeuchi, T., Hamaoka, T., Isaka, T., Ogoh, S., & Hashimoto, T. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.029 · Cited by 88
Effects of auditory stimuli on electrical activity in the brain during cycle ergometry
Bigliassi, M., Karageorghis, C. I., Wright, M. J., Orgs, G., & Nowicky, A. V. (2017) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.023 · Cited by 92
Wong, D. P., Chung, J. W. Y., Chan, A. P. C., Wong, F. K.-W., & Yi, W. (2014) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2014.06.002 · Cited by 89
Impact of single and multiple sets of resistance exercise in type 1 diabetes
Turner, D. G. P., Luzio, S. D., Gray, B. J., Dunseath, G. J., Rees, E. D., Kilduff, L. P., Campbell, M. D., West, D. J., Bain, S. C., & Bracken, R. M. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12202 · Cited by 94
“Percentage of heart rate maximum (% HRmax) was determined using an age-predicted heart rate maximum equation (Tanaka et al., 2001).”
MethodAcute Responses to High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in CHD Patients
Guiraud, T., Nigam, A., Juneau, M., MEYER, P., Gayda, M., & Bosquet, L. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ebc5de · Cited by 88
Metadata
- Authors
- Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Hirofumi
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 153-156
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090296913
- Semantic Scholar
- 857d95626adc70db6e64da8c5fa9060489db0262
- Cited by
- 3,775
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 249 · 2025: 277 · 2024: 304 · 2023: 240 · 2022: 295 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 273 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 189 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 174 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 149 · 2012: 107
- FWCI
- 38.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-13038, AG 00847, AG-06537, R01AG006537)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- maximal heart rate, heart rate prediction equations, older adults, exercise prescription, exercise testing, physical stress, physical activity behavior, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values
About these checks
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