Diagnostic value of history in patients with syncope with or without heart disease
Open accessAbstract
Objectives We sought to establish what historical findings are predictive of the cause of syncope.Background The clinical features of the various types of syncope have not been systematically investigated.Methods Three hundred forty-one patients with syncope were prospectively evaluated. Each patient was interviewed using a standard questionnaire. A cause of syncope was assigned using standardized diagnostic criteria.Results A cardiac cause of syncope was established in 23% of the patients, a neurally mediated cause in 58% and a neurologic or psychiatric cause in 1%, and in the remaining 18%, the cause of syncope remained unexplained. In a preliminary analysis including age, gender and the presence of suspected or certain heart disease after the initial evaluation, only heart disease was an independent predictor of a cardiac cause of syncope (odds ratio 16, p = 0.00001), with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 45%. In contrast, the absence of heart disease allowed us to exclude a cardiac cause of syncope in 97% of the patients. In patients with certain or suspected heart disease, the most specific predictors of a cardiac cause were syncope in the supine position or during effort, blurred vision and convulsive syncope. Significant and specific predictors of a neurally mediated cause were time between the first and last syncopal episode >4 years, abdominal discomfort before the loss of consciousness and nausea and diaphoresis during the recovery phase. In the patients without heart disease, palpitation was the only significant predictor of a cardiac cause.Conclusions The presence of suspected or certain heart disease after the initial evaluation is a strong predictor of a cardiac cause of syncope. A few historical findings are useful to predict cardiac and neurally mediated syncope in patients with and without heart disease.
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Vasovagal syncope diagnostic scores serve as useful reminders of diagnostic points and provide reproducible criteria for entry into observational, genetic, and randomized controlled interventional trials.
“Nonetheless, the scores serve as useful reminders of important diagnostic points, and they form reproducible criteria for entry into observational, genetic, and randomized, controlled interventional trials.91,96,97”
From 2015 Heart Rhythm Society Expert Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia, and Vasovagal Syncope (2015) · cites this paper as [96]
The Methods describe predefined diagnostic criteria for syncope and strict adherence to them, including criteria for typical vasovagal syncope. The paper does not say that diagnostic scores serve as reminders or that scores provide entry criteria for observational, genetic, or randomized trials. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Alboni, P., Brignole, M., Menozzi, C., Raviele, A., Del Rosso, A., Dinelli, M., Solano, A., & Bottoni, N.
- Affiliations
- Santa Maria Nuova Hospital (IT)
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-06
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1921-1928
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104085358
- Semantic Scholar
- 39eb272a1b86d7701e416cfa143c2e9e6c6d7d50
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 17.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- syncope, cardiac syncope, neurally mediated syncope, syncope etiology, medical history, heart disease, diagnostic predictors, convulsive syncope, palpitations, abdominal discomfort
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Medical History Taking, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Syncope
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