Effects of thyroid hormones on bone and mineral metabolism

Mosekilde, Leif; Eriksen, Erik Fink; Charles, Peder

doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30338-4

Cited by 423Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsBone health and osteoporosis researchBone Metabolism and Diseases

Effects of thyroid hormones on bone and mineral metabolism

Mosekilde, Leif, Eriksen, Erik Fink, Charles, Peder·1990·Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

DOI 10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30338-4

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Because of pronounced symptoms and early detection, severe hyperthyroidism is usually treated before skeletal symptoms are evident. However, previous hyperthyroidism may involve a risk of later postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis, since some of the bone loss apparently is irreversible. Borderline hyperthyroidism in clinically euthyroid patients may induce accelerated bone loss and thereby increase the risk of low-energy fractures. Moreover, it is unknown whether interindividual differences exist in skeletal sensitivity to circulating thyroid hormones and thereby in the rate of bone loss. From these considerations it appears that disturbed thyroid function may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, one of the major health problems in the western hemisphere.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30338-4

Cites

116 of 116 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Hyperthyroidism causes high bone turnover with increased frequency of initiation of bone remodelling sites together with increased bone resorption and formation rates.
“Hyperthyroidism, in contrast, causes high bone turnover with an increased frequency of initiation of bone remodelling sites together with increased bone resorption and formation rates.”
From Thyroid diseases and bone health (2018) · cites this paper as [23]
Thyroid hormones increase bone turnover and decrease bone mass, which is essentially reversible if trabecular thickness is sufficient to prevent lasting structural damage from trabecular perforations.
“In the adult skeleton, thyroid hormones increase bone turnover and bring about a decrease in bone mass that is essentially reversible, as long as trabecular thickness is sufficient to prevent the increased bone remodeling from leading to lasting structural damage due to trabecular perforations.(7)”
From The Excess Risk of Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Hypothyroidism Is Driven by Cumulative Hyperthyroid as Opposed to Hypothyroid Time: An Observational Register-Based Time-Resolved Cohort Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
Loss of gonadal steroids leads to increased activation frequency and osteoclastic hyperactivity with increased resorption depth and increased likelihood of trabecular perforations, ultimately creating irreversible bone loss.
“Loss of gonadal steroids leads to an increase in activation frequency and osteoclastic hyperactivity with increased resorption depth with an increased likelihood of trabecular perforations, ultimately creating irreversible bone loss.(7,42)”
From The Excess Risk of Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Hypothyroidism Is Driven by Cumulative Hyperthyroid as Opposed to Hypothyroid Time: An Observational Register-Based Time-Resolved Cohort Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
Previous studies show increased susceptibility of postmenopausal women to accelerated bone loss in hyperthyroid states due to estrogen deficiency.
“This is in agreement with previous studies demonstrating the increased susceptibility of postmenopausal women to the accelerated bone loss in hyperthyroid states brought about by estrogen deficiency.(7,36,37)”
From The Excess Risk of Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Hypothyroidism Is Driven by Cumulative Hyperthyroid as Opposed to Hypothyroid Time: An Observational Register-Based Time-Resolved Cohort Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [7]

SERUM BONE GLA-PROTEIN: A SPECIFIC MARKER FOR BONE FORMATION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
Brown, J. P., Malaval, L., Chapuy, M. C., Delmas, P. D., Edouard, C. M., & Meunier, P. J. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92506-6 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Normal and pathological remodeling of human trabecular bone: three dimensional reconstruction of the remodeling sequence in normals and in metabolic bone disease.
ERIKSEN, E. F. (1986) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-7-4-379 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Self-citation
Biomechanical competence of vertebral trabecular bone in relation to ash density and age in normal individuals
Mosekilde, L., Mosekilde, L., & Danielsen, C. C. (1987) · Bone · doi:10.1016/8756-3282(87)90074-3 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Self-citation
The physiological and cellular basis of metabolic bone disease
Rasmussen, H., & Bordier, P. (1973) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Age-related structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone: Cellular mechanisms and biomechanical consequences
PARFITT, A. M. (1984) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/bf02406145 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
The coupling of bone formation to bone resorption: A critical analysis of the concept and of its relevance to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis
PARFITT, A. M. (1982) · Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research · doi:10.1016/0221-8747(82)90002-9 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Direct stimulation of bone resorption by thyroid hormones.
Mundy, G. R., Shapiro, J. L., Bandelin, J. G., CANALIS, E. M., & Raisz, L. G. (1976) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108497 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Subclinical hyperthyroidism and reduced bone density as a possible result of prolonged suppression of the pituitary-thyroid axis with L-thyroxine.
Ross, D., Neer, R., Ridgway, E., & Daniels, G. (1987) · American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90219-1 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Metabolism
Wilson, F. E. (1977) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/142.11.906c · Cited by 236 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF THYROID DISEASE ON CALCIUM METABOLISM IN MAN 1
Krane, S. M., Brownell, G. L., Stanbury, J. B., & Corrigan, H. (1956) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103340 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Regulation of Bone Formation
Raisz, L. G., & Kream, B. E. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198307143090206 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Reconstruction of the resorptive site in iliac trabecular bone: A kinetic model for bone resorption in 20 normal individuals
Eriksen, E. F., Melsen, F., & Mosekilde, L. (1984) · Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research · doi:10.1016/0221-8747(84)90065-1 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citation
STUDIES OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM
Albright, F., Bauer, W., Ropes, M. W., et al. (1929) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci100218 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF CALCITONIN ON PATIENTS WITH PAGET'S DISEASE, THYROTOXICOSIS, OR HYPERCALCÆMIA
Bijvoet, O. L. M., Veer, J. V. D. S., & Jansen, A. P. H. (1968) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(68)90236-5 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Trabecular bone remodeling and bone balance in hyperthyroidism
Eriksen, E. F., Mosekilde, L., & Melsen, F. (1985) · Bone · doi:10.1016/8756-3282(85)90218-2 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citation
Bone loss in hypothyroidism with hormone replacement. A histomorphometric study.
Coindre, J., David, J., Rivière, L., Goussot, J., Roger, P., de Mascarel, A., & Meunier, P. (1986) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1986.00360130058007 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
BONE CHANGES IN HYPERTHYROIDISM: INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BONE MORPHOMETRY, THYROID FUNCTION AND CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM
Mosekilde, L., Melsen, F., Bagger, J. P., Myhre‐Jensen, O., & Sørensen, N. S. (1977) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0850515 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hyperscalcemia of Thyrotoxicosis
Baxter, J. D., & BONDY, P. K. (1966) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-65-3-429 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Bony Manifestations of Thyrotoxicosis
Meunier, P. J., Gs, B., Edouard, C. M., Bernard, J., Courpron, P., & Vignon, G. (1972) · Orthopedic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(20)30490-9 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Relation of plasma phosphate concentration to renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate.
Bijvoet, O. L. (1969) · PubMed · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The thyroid and the kidney
Bradley, S. E., Stephan, F., Coelho, J. B., & Réville, P. (1974) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1974.119 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
OSTEOPOROSIS AND FRACTURES FOLLOWING THYROTOXICOSIS
Fraser, S. A., Smith, D. A., Anderson, J., & Wilson, G. M. (1971) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91383-3 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
A Tetracycline‐Based Histomorphometric Evaluation of Bone Resorption and Bone Turnover in Hyperthyroidism and Hyperparathyroidism
Mosekilde, L., & Melsen, F. (1978) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1978.tb08406.x · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Biological Activity and Metabolism of 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Boyle, I. T., Omdahl, J. L., Gray, R. W., et al. (1973) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43754-x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Morphometric and Dynamic Studies of Bone Changes in Hypothyroidism
Mosekilde, L., & Melsen, F. (1978) · Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1978.tb02012.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citation
Influence of Thyroid Function on the Serum Concentration of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3*
Bouillon, R., & MOOR, P. D. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-4-793 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Some endocrine influences on skeletal growth and differentiation.
Simpson, M. E., Asling, C. W., & Evans, H. (1950) · PubMed · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Purification of a skeletal growth factor from human bone
Farley, J. R., & Baylink, D. J. (1982) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00257a037 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kinetics of trabecular bone resorption and formation in hypothyroidism: Evidence for a positive balance per remodeling cycle
Eriksen, E. F., Mosekilde, L., & Melsen, F. (1986) · Bone · doi:10.1016/8756-3282(86)90681-2 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mineral and Bone Metabolism in Thyroid Disease: A Review
Auwerx, J. H., & Bouillon, R. (1986) · QJM · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a068031 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Efficacy of wheat germ lectin-precipitated alkaline phosphatase in serum as an estimator of bone mineralization rate: Comparison to serum total alkaline phosphatase and serum bone Gla-protein
Brixen, K., NIELSEN, H. K., Eriksen, E. F., Charles, P., & Mosekilde, L. (1989) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/bf02556467 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citation
Parathyroid Function in Patients with Hyper- or Hypothyroidism
Bouillon, R., & MOOR, P. D. (1974) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-38-6-999 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Cortisone Test for Hyperparathyroidism
Dent, C. E. (1956) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4960.230-a · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Bone histomorphometry
Gallagher, P. (1995) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.54.1.24 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
DECREASED PARATHYROID FUNCTION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM: INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SERUM PARATHYROID HORMONE, CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM AND THYROID FUNCTION
Mosekilde, L., & Christensen, M. S. (1977) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0840566 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citation
EFFECTS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM ON BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM IN MAN
ADAMS, P. H., Jowsey, J., Kelly, P. J., Riggs, B. L., KINNEY, V. R., & Jones, J. D. (1967) · QJM · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067096 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzyme Patterns in Hyperthyroidism
COOPER, D. S., KAPLAN, M. M., RIDGWAY, E. C., MALOOF, F., & DANIELS, G. H. (1979) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-164 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Correlation of urinary hydroxyproline, serum alkaline phosphatase and skeletal calcium turnover
Klein, L., Lafferty, F. W., Pearson, O. H., et al. (1964) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(64)90106-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Kinetics of osteoclasts and their nuclei in evolving secondary Haversian systems.
Jaworski, Z. F. G., Duck, B., & Sékaly, G. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Effect of thyrotoxicosis and its treatment on bone mineral and muscle mass.
Bayley, T., Harrison, J., Mcneill, K., & Mernagh, J. (1980) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-50-5-916 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Treatment of Thyrotoxic Hypercalcemia with Propranolol
Rude, R. K., Oldham, S. B., Singer, F. R., et al. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197602192940807 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and bone remodelling in hyperthyroidism
Jastrup, B., Mosekilde, L., Melsen, F., et al. (1982) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(82)90123-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of Microradioscopic and Morphometric Findings in the Hand Bones with Densitometric Findings in the Proximal Radius in Thyrotoxicosis and in Renal Osteodystrophy
Meema, H. E., & Meema, S. (1972) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/00004424-197203000-00004 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hypercalcemia, Nephrocalcinosis and Reversible Renal Insufficiency Associated with Hyperthyroidism
Epstein, F. H., Freedman, L. R., & Levitin, H. W. (1958) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm195804172581604 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Interrelationship of Triglycerides with Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus in the Rat
Tadayyon, B., & Lutwak, L. (1969) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/97.2.246 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism: An Experimental Study
Adams, P., & Jowsey, J. (1967) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-81-4-735 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Variations in Cross-section Area of Rib Cortex With Age
Sedlin, E. D., Frost, H. M., & Villanueva, A. R. (1963) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/18.1.9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bone Turnover Model based on a Continuously Expanding Exchangeable Calcium Pool
Burkinshaw, L., Marshall, D. H., Oxby, C. B., et al. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/222146a0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hyperthyroidism and calcium metabolism
Smith, D. A., Fraser, S. A., & Wilson, G. M. (1973) · Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0300-595x(73)80047-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Simple Radiologic Demonstration of Cortical Bone Loss in Thyrotoxicosis
Meema, H. E., & Schatz, D. L. (1970) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/97.1.9 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Skeletal changes associated with hyperthyroidism.
Rh, F. (1953) · PubMed · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hyperthyroidism associated with renal tubular acidosis
Huth, E. J., Mayock, R. L., & Kerr, R. M. (1959) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(59)90240-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Comparative response to parathyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Castro, J. H., GENUTH, S. M., & Klein, L. (1975) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(75)90130-4 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
METABOLIC OBSERVATIONS IN A CASE OF THYROTOXICOSIS WITH HYPERCALCEMIA*
Kleeman, C. R., Tuttle, S. G., & Bassett, S. H. (1958) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-18-5-477 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
EFFECT OF ANTITHYROID TREATMENT ON CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Mosekilde, L., & Melsen, F. (1978) · Acta Endocrinologica · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0870751 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Concentration in Plasma, Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Hyper- and Hypothyroidism
Karlberg, B. E., Henriksson, K. G., & Andersson, R. G. G. (1974) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-39-1-96 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Calcium Metabolism Evaluated by 47Ca kinetics: Estimation of Dermal Calcium Loss
Charles, P., Jensen, F. T., Mosekilde, L., et al. (1983) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0650415 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
MORPHOMETRIC AND DYNAMIC STUDIES OF BONE CHANGES IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Melsen, F., & Mosekilde, L. (1977) · Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb00411.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thickness of bone formed at remodeling sites in normal human iliac trabecular bone: Variations with age and sex
Kragstrup, J., Melsen, F., & Mosekilde, L. (1983) · Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research · doi:10.1016/0221-8747(83)90046-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Value of Urine and Serum Hydroxyproline in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease
Kivirikko, K. I., Laitinen, O., & Lamberg, B. ‐. (1965) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-25-10-1347 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
PLASMA LEVELS OF IONISED CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN THYROID DISEASE
Frizel, D. E., Malleson, A., & Marks, V. (1967) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(67)91766-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Calcium Malabsorption in Hyperthyroidism
Shafer, R. B., & Gregory, D. H. (1972) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)33308-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hypercalcemia in Myxedema
LOWE, C. E., Bird, E. D., & Thomas, W. C. (1962) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-22-3-261 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Die Knochen der Basedow-Kranken
Askanazy, M., & Rutishauser, E. (1933) · Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin · doi:10.1007/bf01891731 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sermm Somatomedin Stimulation in Thyroxine-Treated Hypophysectomized Rats*
GASPARD, T., Wondergem, R., Hamamdžić, M., et al. (1978) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-102-2-606 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Stimulation of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Production by Parathyroid Hormone and Hypocalcemia in Man*
Lund, B., Sørensen, O. H., Lund, B., et al. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-50-3-480 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Intestinal calcium absorption in hyperthyroidism
Singhelakis, P., Alevizaki, C. C., & Ikkos, D. (1974) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(74)90049-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Calcium metabolism evaluated by 47calcium‐kinetics: a physiological model with correction for faecal lag time and estimation of dermal calcium loss
Jensen, F. T., Charles, P., Mosekilde, L., et al. (1983) · Clinical Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1475-097x.1983.tb00690.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
Calcitonin Deficiency in Primary Hypothyroidism*
JACQIES-JEAN, B., DEMESSTER-MIRKINE, N., Borkowski, A., et al. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-62-4-700 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Inhibition by Propranolol of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Formation from Thyroxine in Isolated Rat Renal Tubules: An Effect Independent ofβ-Adrenergic Blockade
Heyma, P., Larkins, R. G., & Campbell, D. G. (1980) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-106-5-1437 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Calcitonin in thyroidectomized patients
Silva, O. L., Wisneski, L. A., Cyrus, J., et al. (1978) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-197803000-00005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The serum calcium level and its significance in hyperthyroidism: a prospective study
Gordon, D. L., Suvanich, S., Erviti, V. F., Schwartz, M. A., & MARTINEZ, C. J. (1974) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-197407000-00004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
EFFECT OF ANTITHYROID TREATMENT ON CALCIUM-PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN HYPERTHYROIDISM I: CHEMICAL QUANTITIES IN SERUM AND URINE
Mosekilde, L., Christensen, M. S., Melsen, F., et al. (1978) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0870743 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Importance of Thyroid Hormones in Bone Metabolism and Calcium Homeostasis
Jowsey, J., & Detenbeck, L. C. (1969) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-85-1-87 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
VITAMIN D METABOLISM IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
MacFarlane, I. A., Mawer, E. B., Berry, J., et al. (1982) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1982.tb02633.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
VITAMIN-D LEVELS IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Velentzas, C., Oreopoulos, D. G., From, G. L. A., Porret, B., & Rapoport, A. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91177-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
THYROTOXIC HYPERCALCÆMIA TREATED WITH PORCINE CALCITONIN
Buckle, R., Mason, A. S., & Middleton, J. (1969) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)91646-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bone turnover and balance evaluated by a combined calcium balance and 47calcium kinetic study and dynamic histomorphometry
Charles, P., Eriksen, E. F., Mosekilde, L., Melsen, F., & Jensen, F. T. (1987) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(87)90237-x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citation
Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Patients with Hyperthyroidism*
Haldimann, B., Kaptein, E. M., Singer, F. R., et al. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-5-995 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Thyroid function and bone turnover
Bijlsma, J. W. J., Duursma, S. A., Roelofs, J. M. M., et al. (1983) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1040042 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION IN THYROTOXICOSIS AND MYXŒDEMA
Robertson, J. D. (1942) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)70212-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase from Bone: Characterization of the Enzyme andStudies of Inhibition by Thyroid Hormones
MARCUS, R. (1975) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-96-2-400 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Exogenous triiodothyronine activates bone remodeling
Hasling, C., Eriksen, E. F., Charles, P., & Mosekilde, L. (1987) · Bone · doi:10.1016/8756-3282(87)90072-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
[Hyperthyroidism and hypercalcemia].
POOLE, A. L., & Hj, V. (1960) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Symptomatic Hypercalcaemia in Thyrotoxicosis
Twycross, R., & Marks, V. (1970) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5711.701 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Alkaline phosphatase levels in thyroid disease
CASSAR, J., & Joseph, S. (1969) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(69)90007-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hypothyroidism in Childhood
Braid, F. (1951) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4716.1169 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bone Mineral Content in Hyperthyroid Patients After Combined Medical and Surgical Treatment
Nielsen, H. E., Mosekilde, L., & Charles, P. (1979) · Acta Radiologica Oncology Radiation Physics Biology · doi:10.3109/02841867909128198 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE EFFECT OF THYROXINE ON THE MOVEMENT OF CALCIUM AND INORGANIC PHOSPHATE THROUGH THE SMALL INTESTINE OF THE RAT
NOBLE, H. M., & Matty, A. J. (1967) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0370111 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
SERUM-25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Mosekilde, L., Lund, B., Sørensen, O. H., Christensen, M. S., & Melsen, F. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92995-6 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE BONE SYSTEM IN HYPERTHYROIDISM A CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Nielsen, H. E. (1952) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1952.tb13427.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Calcified Tissue. Structural, Functional and Metabolic Aspects
McKibbin, B. (1973) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.55b3.673-a · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Some Effects of Parathyroid Hormone in Thyrotoxicosis
Harrison, M., Harden, R. M., & Alexander, W. D. (1964) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-24-2-214 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effect of Hyperthyroidism on Intestinal Absorption of Calcium in the Rat.
Friedland, J. A., WILLIAMS, G. A., Bowser, E. N., et al. (1965) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-120-30432 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
THE MAXIMUM RENAL TUBULAR REABSORPTIVE RATE FOR INORGANIC PHOSPHATE IN THYROTOXICOSIS.
Parsons, V., & ANDERSON, J. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effect of propranolol treatment on bone mass, bone mineral content, bone remodelling, parathyroid function and vitamin D metabolism in hyperthyroidism
Mosekilde, L., Jastrup, B., Melsen, F., et al. (1984) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1984.tb02095.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Directin VitroEffect of Thyroid Hormones on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3Metabolism in the Perfused Rat Kidney
Kano, K., & Jones, G. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-114-2-330 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hypercalcaemia in thyrotoxicosis with and without hyperparathyroidism
Richards, A. J. (1970) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.46.537.440 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
THE RENAL HANDLING OF PHOSPHATE IN THYROID DISEASE
Malamos, B., Sfikakis, P. P., & Pandos, P. G. (1969) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0450269 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Propranolol and the hypercalcaemia of thyrotoxicosis
Feely, J. (1981) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0980528 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The calcium binding of human serum albumin in health and disease
Martin, N. H., & Perkins, D. J. (1953) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0540642 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Elevated metabolic clearance rate of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in hyperthyroidism
Karsenty, G., Bouchard, P., Ulmann, A., et al. (1985) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1100070 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
DISTURBED MINERAL METABOLISM IN HYPERTHYROIDISM: GOOD CORRELATION WITH TRMODOTHYRONINE
Manicourt, D.-H., Demeester-Mirkine, N., Brauman, H., et al. (1979) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb02096.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Alteration in Elemental Body Composition in Thyroid Disorders1
Cohn, S. H., Roginsky, M. S., Aloia, J. F., Ellis, K. J., & Shukla, K. K. (1973) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-36-4-742 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
HYDROXYPROLINE EXCRETION IN THE URINE AND CALCIUM METABOLISM DURING LONG‐TERM TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL
Siersbæk‐Nielsen, K., Skovsted, L., Hansen, J., Kristensen, M., & Christensen, L. K. (1971) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1971.tb04409.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate in thyrotoxicosis
Bijvoet, O. L. M., & Majoor, C. L. H. (1965) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(65)90213-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
INVESTIGATION OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM IN HYPERTHYROIDISM BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT USING CALCITONIN, 47Ca AND BALANCE STUDIES
Hendriks, J. T. A. M., & Smeenk, D. (1979) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0910077 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
HYPERCALCEMIC NEPHROPATHY IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Sallin, O. (1958) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0290425 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Calcium-47 absorption in rats with induced hyperthyroidism.
WILLIAMS, G. A., Bowser, E. N., & HENDERSON, W. J. (1967) · Israel journal of medical sciences · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The effect of thyroxine administration on intestinal calcium absorption and calcium binding protein activity in the chick
Swaminathan, R., & Care, A. D. (1975) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/bf02546689 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
DECREASED BONE SENSITIVITY OF THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS TO THE CALCAEMIC EFFECT OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL
Pavlovitch, H., Presle, V., & BALSAN, S. (1977) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0840774 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Control of hypercalcaemia in thyrotoxicosis
Jones, M. K., & Papapoulos, S. E. (1979) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.55.650.891 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Duodenal Calcium Transport in Hyperthyroidism.
Krawitt, E. L. (1967) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/00379727-125-32108 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in Hyperthyroidism
Cleeve, H. J. W., & Brown, I. R. F. (1978) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456327801500176 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Handling of induced hypercalcaemia in hyperthyroidism
Lim, P., Jacob, E., & Khoo, O. T. (1969) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.4.5685.715 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin in Thyrotoxicosis
Zanatta, G. B., Simioni, N., Girelli, M. E., et al. (1984) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1014800 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Physiological and Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action
Yen, P. M. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097 · Cited by 2,011 · see citing works
Role of Thyroid Hormones in Skeletal Development and Bone Maintenance
Bassett, J. H. D., & Williams, G. R. (2016) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2015-1106 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Effects on bone mass of long term treatment with thyroid hormones: a meta-analysis
Uzzan, B., Campos, J., Cucherat, M., Nony, P., Boissel, J. P., & Perret, G. Y. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.12.8954028 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Hyperthyroidism, Bone Mineral, and Fracture Risk—A Meta-Analysis
Vestergaard, P., & Mosekilde, L. (2003) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/105072503322238854 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thyroid diseases and bone health
Williams, G. R., & Bassett, J. H. D. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0753-4 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
Lin, S.-H. (2005) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/80.1.99 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
The skeletal consequences of thyrotoxicosis
Nicholls, J. J., Brassill, M. J., Williams, G. R., & Bassett, J. H. D. (2012) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-12-0059 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Adequacy of Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy in Patients with Central Hypothyroidism1
Ferretti, E., Persani, L., Jaffrain-Rea, M.-L., Giambona, S., Tamburrano, G., & Beck-Peccoz, P. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.3.5553 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Low Serum Thyrotropin Level and Duration of Suppression as a Predictor of Major Osteoporotic Fractures—The OPENTHYRO Register Cohort
Abrahamsen, B., Jørgensen, H. L., Laulund, A. S., Nybo, M., Brix, T. H., & Hegedüs, L. (2014) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2244 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Activates Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 in Bone
Stevens, D. A., Harvey, C. B., Scott, A. J., O’Shea, P. J., Barnard, J. C., Williams, A. J., Brady, G., Samarut, J., Chassande, O., & Williams, G. R. (2003) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2003-0137 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The Excess Risk of Major Osteoporotic Fractures in Hypothyroidism Is Driven by Cumulative Hyperthyroid as Opposed to Hypothyroid Time: An Observational Register-Based Time-Resolved Cohort Analysis
Abrahamsen, B., Jørgensen, H. L., Laulund, A. S., Nybo, M., Bauer, D. C., Brix, T. H., & Hegedüs, L. (2015) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.2416 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Reduced bone mass detected by bone quantitative ultrasonometry and DEXA in pre- and postmenopausal women with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism
Tauchmanovà, L., Nuzzo, V., Del Puente, A., Fonderico, F., Esposito-Del Puente, A., Padulla, S., Rossi, A., Bifulco, G., Lupoli, G., & Lombardi, G. (2004) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.02.017 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Effect of long-term l-thyroxine treatment on bone mineral density in young adults with congenital hypothyroidism
Salerno, M., Lettiero, T., Esposito-Del Puente, A., Esposito, V, Capalbo, D., Carpinelli, A., Padula, S., & Del Puente, A. (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1510689 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Changes in Body Composition in Women Following Treatment of Overt and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism
Greenlund, L. J. S., Nair, K. S., & Brennan, M. D. (2008) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.14.8.973 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone status within the physiological range affects bone mass and density in healthy men at the age of peak bone mass
Roef, G., Lapauw, B., Goemaere, S., Zmierczak, H., Fiers, T., Kaufman, J.-M., & Taes, Y. (2011) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-1113 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Levothyroxine Dose and Fracture Risk According to the Osteoporosis Status in Elderly Women
Ko, Y.-J., Kim, J. Y., Lee, J., Song, H.-J., Kim, J.-Y., Choi, N.-K., & Park, B.-J. (2014) · Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health · doi:10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.1.36 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Early diagnosis of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: Spot urine calcium to phosphate ratio*
Lin, S.-H., Chu, P., Cheng, C.-J., Chu, S.-J., Hung, Y.-J., & Lin, Y.-F. (2006) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000242249.10856.49 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effects of Levothyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone on bone loss in patients with primary hypothyroidism
Karimifar, M., Karimifar, M., Salari, A., Esmaili, F., Faragzadegan, Z., & Kachuei, A. (2014) · Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.4103/2279-042x.141099 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hyperthyroidism Influences Ultrasound Bone Measurement on the Os Calcis
Gómez Acotto, C., Schott, A. M., Hans, D., Niepomniszcze, H., Mautalen, C. A., & Meunier, P. J. (1998) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s001980050091 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Negative correlation between bone mineral density and TSH receptor antibodies in long-term euthyroid postmenopausal women with treated Graves’ disease
Ercolano, M. A., Drnovsek, M. L., Croome, M. C. S., Moos, M., Fuentes, A. M., Viale, F., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., & Gauna, A. T. (2013) · Thyroid Research · doi:10.1186/1756-6614-6-11 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Left-Shifted Relation Between Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone in Graves' Disease
Annerbo, M., Hultin, H., Stålberg, P., & Hellman, P. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2500 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Evaluation and management of bone health in patients with thyroid diseases: A position statement of the Korean thyroid association
Hong, A. R., & Kang, H.-C. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2023.1701 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Efficiency of radioactive I-131 therapy in geriatric patients with toxic nodular goiter
Erkan, M. E., Demirin, H., Aşık, M., Celbek, G., Yıldırım, M., Aydın, Y., Güngör, A., & Semih Doğan, A. (2012) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03654852 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Thyroid-stimulating hormone within low-normal range is related to imbalance of bone remodeling in euthyroid postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fractures
Nowacki, W., Pater, A., Siódmiak, J., & Sypniewska, G. (2017) · Medical Research Journal · doi:10.5603/mrj.2016.0023
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Within Normal Range Does Not Affect Bone Turnover in Euthyroid Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporotic Fracture - A Preliminary Report.
Pater, A., Nowacki, W., & Sypniewska, G. (2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Study the Role of fT3 and rT3 in Predicting the Mortality and Morbidity in STEMI and NSTEMI Patients
Sakthiram, G. (2017)
Biochemical markers of bone turnover in patients with thyroid dysfunctions and in euthyroid controls: a cross-sectional study
Engler, H., Oettli, R., & Riesen, W. F. (1999) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00173-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Natural changes of maternal thyroid function among women with subclinical thyroid dysfunction and euthyroid women during pregnancy
Wang, C., Xu, H. Y., Li, X., et al. (2014) · Zhonghua weichan yixue zazhi · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-9408.2014.10.008

Authors: Mosekilde, L., Eriksen, E. F., & Charles, P.
Affiliations: Aarhus University (DK)
Corresponding author: Mosekilde, Leif
ORCID: Mosekilde, Leif
Eriksen, Erik Fink
Venue: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1990-03
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 35-63
ISSN: 0889-8529 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8529(18)30338-4
OpenAlex: W178768211
Cited by: 423
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 5.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Keywords: thyroid hormones, bone metabolism, mineral metabolism, hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, bone loss, fragility fractures, postmenopausal osteoporosis, senile osteoporosis, interindividual variability
MeSH terms: Bone and Bones, Calcium, Homeostasis, Humans, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Hormones

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effects of thyroid hormones on bone and mineral metabolism

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks