The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What are the computations of the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex?
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps
Kohonen, T. (1982) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00337288 · Cited by 9,529
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388
Fukushima, K. (1980) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00344251 · Cited by 5,759
Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images
Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381607a0 · Cited by 5,694
Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing
Alexander, G. E., & Crutcher, M. D. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90107-l · Cited by 4,131
Marr, D. (1969) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008820 · Cited by 3,253
A theory of cerebellar function
Albus, J. S. (1971) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/0025-5564(71)90051-4 · Cited by 2,539
A framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning
Montague, P., Dayan, P., & Sejnowski, T. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-05-01936.1996 · Cited by 2,066
Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7939688 · Cited by 1,356
Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia
(1994) · doi:10.7551/mitpress/4708.001.0001 · Cited by 1,190
Research works printed but not linked: 80
- Amari, 1978, Mathematical theory on formation of category detecting nerve cells, Biological Cybernetics, 29, 127, 10.1007/BF00337348 · DOI
- Andersen, 1995, Encoding of intention and spatial location in the posterior parietal cortex, Cerebral Cortex, 5, 457, 10.1093/cercor/5.5.457 · DOI · Paper page
- Aosaki, 1994, Responses of tonically active neurons in the primate's striatum undergo systematic changes during behavioral sensory-motor conditioning, Journal of Neuroscience, 14, 3969, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-06-03969.1994 · DOI · Paper page
- Artola, 1990, Different voltage-dependent thresholds for inducing long-term depression and long-term potentiation in slices of rat visual cortex, Nature, 347, 69, 10.1038/347069a0 · DOI · Paper page
- Baddeley, 1992, Working memory, Science, 255, 556, 10.1126/science.1736359 · DOI · Paper page
- Barto, 1983, Neuronlike adaptive elements that can solve difficult learning control problems, IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 13, 834, 10.1109/TSMC.1983.6313077 · DOI · Paper page
- Bell, 1997, The independent components of natural scenes are edge filters, Vision Research, 37, 3327, 10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00121-1 · DOI · Paper page
- Berns, 1998, A computational model of how the basal ganglia produces sequences, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 108, 10.1162/089892998563815 · DOI · Paper page
- Berns, 1997, Brain regions responsive to novelty in the absence of awareness, Science, 276, 1272, 10.1126/science.276.5316.1272 · DOI · Paper page
- Bower, 1997, Is the cerebellum sensory for motor's sake, or motor for sensory's sake: the view from the whisker of a rat?, Progress in Brain Research, 114, 463, 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63381-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Brocher, 1992, Agonists of cholinergic and noradrenergic receptors facilitate synergistically the induction of long-term potentiation in slices of rat visual cortex, Brain Research, 573, 27, 10.1016/0006-8993(92)90110-U · DOI · Paper page
- Brooks, 1991, Intelligence without representation, Artificial Intelligence, 47, 139, 10.1016/0004-3702(91)90053-M · DOI · Paper page
- Brown, 1997, Sensory and cognitive functions of the basal ganglia, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 7, 157, 10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80003-7 · DOI · Paper page
- Calabresi, 1996, The corticostriatal projection: from synaptic plasticity to dysfunctions of the basal ganglia, Trends in Neurosciences, 19, 19, 10.1016/0166-2236(96)81862-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Daniel, 1998, Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar ltd, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 401
- Deiber, 1998, Cerebral processes related to visuomotor imagery and generation of simple finger movements studied with positron emission tomography, Neuroimage, 7, 73, 10.1006/nimg.1997.0314 · DOI · Paper page
- Desmond, 1998, Neuroimaging studies of the cerebellum: language learning and memory, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 355, 10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01211-X · DOI · Paper page
- DeZeeuw, 1998, Microcircuitry and function of the inferior olive, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 391
- Dominey, 1995, A model of corticostriatal plasticity for learning oculomotor associations and sequences, Journal of Cognitive Neurosciences, 7, 311, 10.1162/jocn.1995.7.3.311 · DOI · Paper page
- Doya, K. (1999). Reinforced learning in continuous time and space. Neural Computation (in press).
- Fujita, 1982, Adaptive filter model of the cerebellum, Biological Cybernetics, 45, 195, 10.1007/BF00336192 · DOI · Paper page
- Gao, 1996, Cerebellum implicated in sensory acquisition and discrimination rather than motor control, Science, 272, 545, 10.1126/science.272.5261.545 · DOI · Paper page
- Georgopoulos, 1995, Current issues in directional motor control, Trends in Neurosciences, 18, 506, 10.1016/0166-2236(95)92775-L · DOI · Paper page
- Gomi, 1992, Adaptive feedback control models of the vestibulocerebellum and spinocerebellum, Biological Cybernetics, 68, 105, 10.1007/BF00201432 · DOI · Paper page
- Gomi, 1998, Temporal firing patterns of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar ventral paraflocculus during ocular following responses in monkeys, I. Simple spikes, Journal of Neurophysiology, 80, 818, 10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.818 · DOI
- Grafton, 1995, Functional mapping of sequence learning in normal humans, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 497, 10.1162/jocn.1995.7.4.497 · DOI · Paper page
- Grafton, 1998, Abstract and effector-specific representations of motor sequences identified with PET, Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 9420, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-22-09420.1998 · DOI · Paper page
- Graybiel, 1995, Building action repertories: memory and learning functions of the basal ganglia, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 5, 733, 10.1016/0959-4388(95)80100-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Graziano, 1997, Visuo-spatial properties of ventral premotor cortex, Journal of Neurophysiology, 77, 2268, 10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2268 · DOI · Paper page
- Grossberg, 1976, On the development of detectors is the visual cortex with applications to learning and reaction-diffusion systems, Biological Cybernetics, 21, 145, 10.1007/BF00337422 · DOI · Paper page
- Harpur, G. F., & Prager, R. W., (1995). Techniques in low entropy coding with neural networks. CUED/F-INFENG/TR 197, Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, England.
- Hikosaka, O., Miyachi, S., Miyashita, K., & Karadi, Z., (1995). Possible roles of the basal ganglia in procedural learning. In Fourth IBRO World Congress of Neuroscience Abstracts, p. 55, Oxford. IBRO, Rapid Communications.
- Hikosaka, 1996, Activation of human presupplementary motor area in learning of sequential procedures: a functional MRI study, Journal of Neurophysiology, 76, 617, 10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.617 · DOI · Paper page
- Hirsch, 1970, Visual experience modifies distribution of horizontally and vertically oriented receptive field in cat, Science, 168, 869, 10.1126/science.168.3933.869 · DOI · Paper page
- Houk, 1997, On the role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in cognitive signal processing, Progress in Brain Research, 114, 545
- Houk, 1996, Computational significance of the cellular mechanisms for synaptic plasticity in Purkinje cells, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 457, 10.1017/S0140525X00081735 · DOI
- Houk, 1995, Distributed modular architectures linking basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex: their role in planning and controlling action, Cerebral Cortex, 2, 95, 10.1093/cercor/5.2.95 · DOI · Paper page
- Houk, 1993, Distributed motor commands in the limb premotor networks, Trends in Neuroscience, 16, 27, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90049-R · DOI · Paper page
- Houk, 1996, Models of the cerebellum and motor learning, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 368, 10.1017/S0140525X00081474 · DOI · Paper page
- Ito, 1993, Movement and thought: identical control mechanisms by the cerebellum, Trends in Neurosciences, 16, 448, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90073-U · DOI · Paper page
- Ito, 1982, Climbing fibre induced depression of both mossy fibre reponsiveness and gultamate sensitivity of cerebellar Purkinje cells, Journal of Physiology, 324, 113, 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014103 · DOI · Paper page
- Ivry, 1996, The representation of temporal information in perception and motor control, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 6, 851, 10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80037-7 · DOI · Paper page
- Jenkins, 1994, Motor sequence learning: a study with positron emission tomography, Journal of Neuroscience, 14, 3775, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-06-03775.1994 · DOI · Paper page
- Kawato, 1992, The cerebellum and VOR/OKR learning models, Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 445, 10.1016/0166-2236(92)90008-V · DOI · Paper page
- Kawato, 1992, A computational model of four regions of the cerebellum based on feedback-error learning, Biological Cybernetics, 68, 95, 10.1007/BF00201431 · DOI · Paper page
- Kawato, 1987, A hierarchical neural network model for control and learning of voluntary movement, Biological Cybernetics, 57, 169, 10.1007/BF00364149 · DOI · Paper page
- Kettner, 1997, Prediction of complex two-dimensional trajectories by a cerebellar model of smooth pursuit eye movement, Journal of Neurophysiology, 77, 2115, 10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2115 · DOI
- Kitazawa, 1998, Cerebellar complex spikes encode both destinations and errors in arm movements, Nature, 392, 494, 10.1038/33141 · DOI · Paper page
- Lawrence, 1998, Cognitive functions and corti-costriatal circuits: insights from Huntington's disease, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 379, 10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01231-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Leiner, 1993, Cognitive and language functions of the cerebellum, Trends in Neurosciences, 16, 444, 10.1016/0166-2236(93)90072-T · DOI · Paper page
- Linsker, 1986, From basic network principles to neural architecture, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 83, 7508, 10.1073/pnas.83.19.7508 · DOI · Paper page
- Mellet, 1996, Functional anatomy of spatial mental imagery generated from verbal instructions, Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 6504, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-20-06504.1996 · DOI · Paper page
- Middleton, 1998, Cerebellar output: motor and cognitive channels, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 348, 10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01220-0 · DOI · Paper page
- Mushiake, 1995, Functional relationship of the basal ganglia and cerebellum with motor cortices, Advances in Neurological Sciences, 39, 277
- Nakahara, 1997, Multiple representations in the basal ganglia loops for acquisition and execution of sequential motor control, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 23, 778
- Nakahara, H., Doya, K., Hikosaka, O., & Nagano, S., (1998). Reinforcement learning with multiple representations in the basal ganglia loops for sequential motor control. In International joint conference on neural networks, pp. 1553–1558. · DOI
- Narendra, 1990, Identification and control of dynamical systems using neural networks, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 1, 4, 10.1109/72.80202 · DOI · Paper page
- Paulin, 1993, The role of the cerebellum in motor control and perception, Brain, Behaviour and Evolution, 41, 39, 10.1159/000113822 · DOI · Paper page
- Rauch, 1995, A PET investigation of implict and explicit sequence learning, Human Brain Mapping, 3, 271, 10.1002/hbm.460030403 · DOI · Paper page
- Raymond, 1996, The cerebellum: a neuronal learning machine?, Science, 272, 1126, 10.1126/science.272.5265.1126 · DOI · Paper page
- Rueckert, 1996, Visualizing cortical activation during mental calculation with functional MRI, Neuroimage, 3, 97, 10.1006/nimg.1996.0011 · DOI · Paper page
- Sakai, 1998, Transition of brain activation from frontal to parietal areas in visuomotor sequence learning, Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 1827, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-05-01827.1998 · DOI · Paper page
- Sanger, 1989, Optimal unsupervised learning in a single-layer linear feedforward neural network, Neural Networks, 2, 459, 10.1016/0893-6080(89)90044-0 · DOI · Paper page
- Schultz, 1998, Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons, Journal of Neurophysiology, 80, 1, 10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.1 · DOI · Paper page
- Schultz, 1993, Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task, Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 900, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-03-00900.1993 · DOI · Paper page
- Schweighofer, 1996, A model of the cerebellum in adaptive control of saccadic gain. I. The model and its biological substrate, Biological Cybernetics, 75, 19, 10.1007/BF00238736 · DOI
- Schweighofer, 1998, Role of the cerebellum in reaching movements in humans. II. A neural model of the intermediate cerebellum, European Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 86, 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00006.x · DOI · Paper page
- Scott, 1997, Comparison of onset time and magnitude of activity for proximal arm muscles and motor cortical cells before reaching movements, Journal of Neurophysiology, 77, 1016, 10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.1016 · DOI
- Shima, 1998, Role for cingulate motor area cells in voluntary movement selection based on reward, Science, 282, 1335, 10.1126/science.282.5392.1335 · DOI · Paper page
- Shima, 1996, Role for cells in the presupplementary motor area in updating motor plans, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA, 93, 8694, 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8694 · DOI · Paper page
- Snyder, 1998, Separate body-and world-referenced representation of visual space in parietal cortex, Nature, 394, 887, 10.1038/29777 · DOI · Paper page
- Suri, 1998, Learning of sequential movements by neural network model with dopamine-like reinforcement signal, Experimental Brain Research, 121, 350, 10.1007/s002210050467 · DOI · Paper page
- Thompson, 1994, Organization of memory traces in the mammalian brain, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 17, 519, 10.1146/annurev.ne.17.030194.002511 · DOI · Paper page
- Tsumoto, 1979, Cross-depression: an electrophysiological manifestation of binocular competition in developing visual cortex, Brain Research, 168, 190, 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90138-0 · DOI
- Usher, 1999, The role of locus coeruleus in the regulation of cognitive performance, Science, 283, 549, 10.1126/science.283.5401.549 · DOI · Paper page
- van Essen, 1983, Hierarchical organization and functional streams in the visual cortex, Trends in Neurosciences, 6, 370, 10.1016/0166-2236(83)90167-4 · DOI · Paper page
- von der Malsburg, 1973, Self-organization of orientation sensitive cells in the striate cortex, Kybernetik, 14, 85, 10.1007/BF00288907 · DOI · Paper page
- Wickens, 1996, Dopamine reverses the depression of rat corticostriatal synapses which normally follows high-frequency stimulation of cortex in vitro, Neuroscience, 70, 1, 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00436-M · DOI · Paper page
- Wolpert, 1998, Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control, Neural Networks, 11, 1317, 10.1016/S0893-6080(98)00066-5 · DOI · Paper page
- Wolpert, 1998, Internal models in the cerebellum, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 338, 10.1016/S1364-6613(98)01221-2 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning.
Kawato, M. (1999) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(99)00028-8 · Cited by 2,685
Daw, N. D., Niv, Y., & Dayan, P. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1560 · Cited by 2,533
Model-based influences on humans’ choices and striatal prediction errors
Daw, N. D., Gershman, S. J., Seymour, B., Dayan, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2011) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.027 · Cited by 1,779
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive Saccadic Eye Movements
Hikosaka, O., Takikawa, Y., & Kawagoe, R. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.953 · Cited by 1,302
Whole-Brain Mapping of Direct Inputs to Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
Watabe-Uchida, M., Zhu, L., Ogawa, S. K., Vamanrao, A., & Uchida, N. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.017 · Cited by 1,247
Metadata
- Authors
- Doya, K.
- Venue
- Neural Networks
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7-8
- Pages
- 961-974
- ISSN
- 0893-6080 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012592267
- Cited by
- 747
- References
- 17
- FWCI
- 9.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: What are the computations of the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5
- The paper
- Doya, K. (1999). What are the computations of the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex? Neural Networks. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0893-6080(99)00046-5
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.