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The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines
Open accessAbstract
The biological differences associated with an individual’s sex represent a major source of variation that impacts the immune response to vaccination. There are compelling clinical data illustrating that males and females differ in their innate, humoral, and cell-mediated responses to viral vaccines. Sex impacts the frequency and severity of adverse side effects of vaccination, including fever, pain, and inflammation. Pregnancy also can significantly alter immune responses to vaccines. Key aspects of the impact of sex and pregnancy on vaccination are presented using data drawn from clinical trials in humans as well as from animal models of vaccine efficacy and the groundwork is laid for future studies aimed at identifying the biological mechanisms, including genetic and hormonal factors, that underlie sex-specific responses to vaccines. An understanding and appreciation of the impact of sex and pregnancy on immune responses may alter the strategies used by public health officials to initiate efficient vaccination programs in the human population optimizing the timing and dose of the vaccine in order to maximize the number of people immunized, ensure sufficient levels of immune responses, minimize adverse side effects, and allow for more efficient protection of high priority populations.
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“However, it cannot be excluded that high IL10 production is a general future of male immune system as it was shown that testosterone increases IL10 synthesis (Klein et al. 2010).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Klein, S. L., Jedlicka, A., & Pekosz, A.
- Venue
- The Lancet Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 338-349
- ISSN
- 1473-3099 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2131643987
- Cited by
- 815
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 20.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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