The Promise of Minocycline in Neurology

Inflammation is detrimental for neurogenesis in adult brain

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Blockade of Microglial Activation Is Neuroprotective in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson Disease

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Metalloproteinases in biology and pathology of the nervous system

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Minocycline inhibits cytochrome c release and delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice

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Minocycline inhibits caspase-1 and caspase-3 expression and delays mortality in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease

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A tetracycline derivative, minocycline, reduces inflammation and protects against focal cerebral ischemia with a wide therapeutic window

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Tetracyclines inhibit microglial activation and are neuroprotective in global brain ischemia

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Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity by inhibiting activation and proliferation of microglia

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Minocycline Prevents Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the MPTP Model of Parkinson’s Disease

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Epidermal immunization by a needle-free powder delivery technology: Immunogenicity of influenza vaccine and protection in mice

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Minocycline Provides Neuroprotection Against N -Methyl- d -aspartate Neurotoxicity by Inhibiting Microglia

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Minocycline Treatment Reduces Delayed Oligodendrocyte Death, Attenuates Axonal Dieback, and Improves Functional Outcome after Spinal Cord Injury

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A novel mechanism of action of tetracyclines: Effects on nitric oxide synthases

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Neuroprotection by minocycline facilitates significant recovery from spinal cord injury in mice.

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Targeting leukocyte MMPs and transmigration

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Animal model pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: a critical review

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Minocycline Slows Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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Minocycline inhibits caspase-independent and -dependent mitochondrial cell death pathways in models of Huntington's disease

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Minocycline Reduces Traumatic Brain Injury-mediated Caspase-1 Activation, Tissue Damage, and Neurological Dysfunction

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Intracerebral hemorrhage induces macrophage activation and matrix metalloproteinases

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Minocycline inhibits microglial activation and protects nigral cells after 6-hydroxydopamine injection into mouse striatum

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Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline and Minocycline

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Interferon β‐1b decreases the migration of T lymphocytes in vitro: Effects on matrix metalloproteinase‐9

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Minocycline inhibits contusion-triggered mitochondrial cytochrome c release and mitigates functional deficits after spinal cord injury

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Minocycline markedly protects the neonatal brain against hypoxic‐ischemic injury

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Tetracyclines inhibit tissue collagenase activity

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Minocycline Reduces Cell Death and Improves Functional Recovery after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat

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Minocycline delays disease onset and mortality in a transgenic model of ALS

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Inhibition of autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a tetracycline

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Minocycline Up-regulates Bcl-2 and Protects against Cell Death in Mitochondria

Wang, J., Wei, Q., Wang, C., Hill, W., Hess, D. C., & Dong, Z. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m313629200 · Cited by 242 · see citing works

Pharmacokinetic studies on minocycline in man

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Minocycline Reduces the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Reaction, Peroxynitrite-Mediated Nitration of Proteins, Disruption of the Blood–Brain Barrier, and Damage in the Nigral Dopaminergic System

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Deleterious Effects of Minocycline in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Huntington’s Disease

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Additive neuroprotective effects of minocycline with creatine in a mouse model of ALS

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Minocycline worsens hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a neonatal mouse model

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Minocycline and doxycycline are not beneficial in a model of Huntington's disease

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Minocycline-induced autoimmune syndromes: An overview

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Low dose intravenous minocycline is neuroprotective after middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion in rats

Xu, L., Fagan, S. C., Waller, J. L., Edwards, D. J., Borlongan, C. V., Zheng, J., Hill, W., Feuerstein, G., & Hess, D. C. (2004) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/1471-2377-4-7 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Minocycline reduces gadolinium‐enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis

Metz, L. M., Zhang, Y., Yeung, M., Patry, D. G., Bell, R. B., Stoian, C. A., Yong, V. W., Patten, S. B., Duquette, P., Antel, J. P., et al. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20111 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Minocycline Reduces Traumatic Brain Injury-mediated Caspase-1 Activation, Tissue Damage, and Neurological Dysfunction

Mejia, R. O. S., Ona, V. O., Li, M., et al. (2001) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/00006123-200106000-00051 · Cited by 171 · see citing works

Minocycline Enhances MPTP Toxicity to Dopaminergic Neurons

Yang, L., Sugama, S., Chirichigno, J. W., Gregorio, J., Lorenzl, S., Shin, D. H., Browne, S. E., Shimizu, Y., Joh, T. H., Beal, M. F., et al. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10709 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Placebo-controlled phase I/II studies of minocycline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Minocycline prevents neurotoxicity induced by cerebrospinal fluid from patients with motor neurone disease

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Liquid chromatographic determination of minocycline in brain-to-plasma distribution studies in the rat

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Efficient three‐drug cocktail for disease induced by mutant superoxide dismutase

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Minocycline inhibits caspase activation and reactivation, increases the ratio of XIAP to smac/DIABLO, and reduces the mitochondrial leakage of cytochrome C and smac/DIABLO

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Minocycline blocks nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity by inhibition p38 MAP kinase in rat cerebellar granule neurons

Lin, S., Zhang, Y., Dodel, R. C., Farlow, M. R., Paul, S. M., & Du, Y. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02324-2 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

Optimal delivery of minocycline to the brain: implication for human studies of acute neuroprotection

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The influence of tetracyclines on T cell activation

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The tetracycline derivative minocycline differentially affects cytokine production by monocytes and T lymphocytes

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Minocycline in Huntington's disease: A pilot study

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The gelatinase inhibitory activity of tetracyclines and chemically modified tetracycline analogues as measured by a novel microtiter assay for inhibitors

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Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase‐9 cleaves interferon‐β and is a target for immunotherapy

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Excessive Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Diabetes: Inhibition by Tetracycline Analogues with Zinc Reactivity

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Minocycline for Huntington’s disease: An open label study

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Inhibitory action of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide-lnduced release of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in BV2 microglial cells

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Minocycline safety and tolerability in Huntington disease

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Suppression of activated microglia promotes survival and function of transplanted oligodendroglial progenitors

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Delayed minocycline but not delayed mild hypothermia protects against embolic stroke

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Effect of minocycline in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Nessler, S., Dodel, R. C., Bittner, A., Reuss, S., Du, Y., Hemmer, B., & Sommer, N. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10353 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Comparison of doxycycline and a chemically modified tetracycline inhibition of leukocyte functions.

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Minocycline is protective in a mouse model of Huntington's disease

Hersch, S. M., Fink, K., Vonsattel, J. P., & Friedlander, R. M. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21891 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

MINOCYCLINE EXCRETION AND DISTRIBUTION IN RELATION TO RENAL FUNCTION IN MAN

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Benefit-risk assessment of acne therapies

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Reply

Hockly, E., Beunard, J., Lowden, P. A. S., & Bates, G. P. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21893 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Minocycline: Far beyond an Antibiotic

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Biochemistry and molecular biology of gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9): The next decade

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Activated Microglia Contribute to the Maintenance of Chronic Pain after Spinal Cord Injury

Hains, B. C., & Waxman, S. G. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0003-06.2006 · Cited by 641 · see citing works

Preclinical and clinical research on inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage

Wang, J. (2010) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.08.001 · Cited by 600 · see citing works

Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition

Wong, M.-L., Inserra, A., Lewis, M. D., Mastronardi, C. A., Leong, L., Choo, J., Kentish, S., Xie, P., Morrison, M., Wesselingh, S. L., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.46 · Cited by 568 · see citing works

Metalloproteinases: Mediators of Pathology and Regeneration in the CNS

Yong, V. W. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1807 · Cited by 582 · see citing works

Minocycline and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Kim, H.-S., & Suh, Y.-H. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.040 · Cited by 447 · see citing works

Evidence that Microglia Mediate the Neurobiological Effects of Chronic Psychological Stress on the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

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Results of a phase II placebo-controlled randomized trial of minocycline in acute spinal cord injury

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Matrix metalloproteinases in brain development and remodeling: Synaptic functions and targets

Ethell, I. M., & Ethell, D. W. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.21273 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Role of Neuroinflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Liu, J., & Wang, F. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01005 · Cited by 376 · see citing works

Features of Microglia and Neuroinflammation Relevant to Environmental Exposure and Neurotoxicity

Kraft, A. D., & Harry, G. J. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8072980 · Cited by 330 · see citing works

Neuroinflammation in intracerebral haemorrhage: immunotherapies with potential for translation

Xue, M., & Yong, V. W. (2020) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30364-1 · Cited by 327 · see citing works

Minocycline Reduces Cell Death and Improves Functional Recovery after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat

Lee, S. M., Yune, T. Y., Kim, S. J., Park, D. W., Lee, Y. K., Kim, Y. C., Oh, Y. J., Markelonis, G. J., & Oh, T. H. (2003) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771503770195867 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

Intracellular Targets of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Cardiac Disease: Rationale and Therapeutic Approaches

Schulz, R. (2006) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105230 · Cited by 295 · see citing works

Minocycline Attenuates Neuronal Cell Death and Improves Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Models

Choi, Y., Kim, H., Shin, K. Y., Kim, E., Kim, M., Kim, H.-S., Park, C. H., Jeong, Y. H., Yoo, J., Lee, J., et al. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301377 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

Can the immune system be harnessed to repair the CNS?

Popovich, P. G., & Longbrake, E. E. (2008) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2398 · Cited by 287 · see citing works

Minocycline as a Neuroprotective Agent

Stirling, D. P., Koochesfahani, K. M., Steeves, J. D., & Tetzlaff, W. (2005) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858405275175 · Cited by 280 · see citing works

Recent advances in MMP inhibitor design

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Suppression of Microglial Activation Is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Human Retinitis Pigmentosa

Peng, B., Xiao, J., Wang, K., So, K., Tipoe, G. L., & Lin, B. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5200-13.2014 · Cited by 255 · see citing works

Protection and repair of the injured spinal cord: a review of completed, ongoing, and planned clinical trials for acute spinal cord injury

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Intrathecal minocycline attenuates peripheral inflammation‐induced hyperalgesia by inhibiting p38 MAPK in spinal microglia

Hua, X., Svensson, C. I., Matsui, T., Fitzsimmons, B., Yaksh, T. L., & Webb, M. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04451.x · Cited by 248 · see citing works

Altered P2X7‐receptor level and function in mouse models of Huntington's disease and therapeutic efficacy of antagonist administration

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Microglia Kv1.3 Channels Contribute to Their Ability to Kill Neurons

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