Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy
Open accessAbstract
In December, 2019, reports emerged from Wuhan, China, of a severe acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By the end of April, 2020, over 3 million people had been confirmed infected, with over 1 million in the USA alone, and over 215 000 deaths. The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are diverse, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. The major risk factors for severe COVID-19 are shared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), namely increasing age, male sex, and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. However, the role of antifibrotic therapy in patients with IPF who contract SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the scientific rationale for their continuation or cessation, is poorly defined. Furthermore, several licensed and potential antifibrotic compounds have been assessed in models of acute lung injury and viral pneumonia. Data from previous coronavirus infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, as well as emerging data from the COVID-19 pandemic, suggest there could be substantial fibrotic consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antifibrotic therapies that are available or in development could have value in preventing severe COVID-19 in patients with IPF, have the potential to treat severe COVID-19 in patients without IPF, and might have a role in preventing fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Prominent pulmonary fibrosis was observed in this lung autopsy series and correlated with SOTD and patient age.
“Prominent pulmonary fibrosis was observed in this lung autopsy series, consistent with previous reports (49–51), and correlated with SOTD and patient age (fig. S17).”
From Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as [50]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Liu, M., Yang, Y., Gu, C., Yue, Y., Wu, K. K., Wu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2007) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-6589com · Cited by 81 · see citing works
RetractedClinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246 · see citing works
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244 · see citing works
Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 · Cited by 27,263 · see citing works
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30079-5 · Cited by 10,066 · see citing works
Mizgerd, J. P., Kubo, H., Kutkoski, G. J., Bhagwan, S. D., Scharffetter-Kochanek, K., Beaudet, A. L., & Doerschuk, C. M. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.186.8.1357 · Cited by 7,332 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Nintedanib in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Richeldi, L., du Bois, R. M., Raghu, G., Azuma, A., Brown, K. K., Costabel, U., Cottin, V., Flaherty, K. R., Hansell, D. M., Inoue, Y., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1402584 · Cited by 4,654 · see citing works
Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome
Drosten, C., Günther, S., Preiser, W., van der Werf, S., Brodt, H.-R., Becker, S., Rabenau, H., Panning, M., Kolesnikova, L., Fouchier, R. A. M., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030747 · Cited by 4,574 · see citing works
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing
Gordon, D. E., Jang, G. M., Bouhaddou, M., Xu, J., Obernier, K., White, K. M., O’Meara, M. J., Rezelj, V. V., Guo, J. Z., Swaney, D. L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2286-9 · Cited by 4,405 · see citing works
A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
King, T. E., Bradford, W. Z., Castro-Bernardini, S., Fagan, E. A., Glaspole, I., Glassberg, M. K., Gorina, E., Hopkins, P. M., Kardatzke, D., Lancaster, L., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1402582 · Cited by 3,975 · see citing works
Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study
Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., Fan, Y., & Zheng, C. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30086-4 · Cited by 3,664 · see citing works
Tang, N., Bai, H., Chen, X., Gong, J., Li, D., & Sun, Z. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14817 · Cited by 3,554 · see citing works
Functional Disability 5 Years after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Herridge, M. S., Tansey, C. M., Matte, A. L., TOMLINSON, G. A., Diaz-Granados, N., Cooper, A., Guest, C. B., Mazer, C. D., Mehta, S., Stewart, T. E., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1011802 · Cited by 2,829 · see citing works
Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab
Xu, X., Han, M., Li, T., Sun, W., Wang, D., Fu, B., Zhou, Y., Zheng, X., Yang, Y., Li, X., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2005615117 · Cited by 2,636 · see citing works
Nintedanib in Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases
Flaherty, K. R., Wells, A. U., Cottin, V., Devaraj, A., Walsh, S. L. F., Inoue, Y., Richeldi, L., Kolb, M., Tetzlaff, K., Stowasser, S., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1908681 · Cited by 2,403 · see citing works
Self-citationPeiris, J., Chu, C., Cheng, V., Chan, K., Hung, I., Poon, L., Law, K., Tang, B., Hon, T., Chan, C., et al. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13412-5 · Cited by 2,375 · see citing works
Clinical course and prediction of survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Ley, B., Collard, H. R., & King, T. E. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201006-0894ci · Cited by 1,765 · see citing works
Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2
Zhou, Y., Hou, Y., Shen, J., Huang, Y., Martin, W., & Cheng, F. (2020) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3 · Cited by 1,588 · see citing works
Ferrario, C. M., Jessup, J. A., Chappell, M. C., Averill, D. B., Brosnihan, K. B., Tallant, E. A., Diz, D. I., & Gallagher, P. E. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.510461 · Cited by 1,567 · see citing works
Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An International Working Group Report
Collard, H. R., Ryerson, C. J., Corte, T. J., Jenkins, G., Kondoh, Y., Lederer, D. J., Lee, J. S., Maher, T. M., Wells, A. U., Antoniou, K. M., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201604-0801ci · Cited by 1,444 · see citing works
Self-citationAngiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology
Forrester, S. J., Booz, G. W., Sigmund, C. D., Coffman, T. M., Kawai, T., Rizzo, V., Scalia, R. G., & Eguchi, S. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2017 · Cited by 1,105 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of sirolimus in lymphangioleiomyomatosis
McCormack, F. X., Inoue, Y., Moss, J., Singer, L. G., Strange, C., Nakata, K., Barker, A. F., Chapman, J. T., Brantly, M. L., Stocks, J. M., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1100391 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy
Livingston, E., & Bucher, K. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4344 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Global incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review
Hutchinson, J., Fogarty, A., Hubbard, R., & McKeever, T. M. (2015) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00185114 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA
Barton, L. M., Duval, E. J., Stroberg, E., Ghosh, S., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2020) · American Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1093/ajcp/aqaa062 · Cited by 832 · see citing works
Abnormal pulmonary function in COVID-19 patients at time of hospital discharge
Mo, X., Jian, W., Su, Z., Chen, M., Peng, H., Peng, P., Lei, C., Chen, R., Zhong, N., & Li, S. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01217-2020 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Persistent Elevation of Inflammatory Cytokines Predicts a Poor Outcome in ARDS
Meduri, G. U., Headley, S., Kohler, G., Stentz, F. B., Tolley, E. A., Umberger, R. A., & Leeper, K. V. (1995) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.107.4.1062 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Raghu, G., Chen, S.-Y., Yeh, W.-S., Maroni, B., Li, Q., Lee, Y.-C., & Collard, H. R. (2014) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70101-8 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Wollin, L., Maillet, I., Quesniaux, V., Holweg, A., & Ryffel, B. (2014) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.113.208223 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
Maher, T. M., Corte, T. J., Fischer, A., Kreuter, M., Lederer, D. J., Molina-Molina, M., Axmann, J., Kirchgaessler, K.-U., Samara, K., Gilberg, F., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30341-8 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Wells, A. U., Flaherty, K. R., Brown, K. K., Inoue, Y., Devaraj, A., Richeldi, L., Moua, T., Crestani, B., Wuyts, W. A., Stowasser, S., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30036-9 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Self-citationReceptor Recognition Mechanisms of Coronaviruses: a Decade of Structural Studies
Li, F. (2014) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02615-14 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: review of the literature
Nalysnyk, L., Cid‐Ruzafa, J., Rotella, P., & Esser, D. (2012) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/09059180.00002512 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
King, T. E., Albera, C., Bradford, W. Z., Costabel, U., Hormel, P., Lancaster, L., Noble, P. W., Sahn, S. A., Szwarcberg, J., Thomeer, M., et al. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60551-1 · Cited by 531 · see citing works
Hui, D. S. C. (2005) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2004.030205 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1–driven Lung Fibrosis by Galectin-3
MacKinnon, A. C., Gibbons, M., Farnworth, S. L., Leffler, H., Nilsson, U. J., Delaine, T., Simpson, A. J., Forbes, S. J., Hirani, N., Gauldie, J., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201106-0965oc · Cited by 520 · see citing works
TGF-β is a critical mediator of acute lung injury
Pittet, J., Griffiths, M., Geiser, T., Kaminski, N., Dalton, S. L., Huang, X., Brown, L. A. S., Gotwals, P. J., Koteliansky, V., Matthay, M. A., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci11963 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a disease with similarities and links to cancer biology
Vancheri, C., Failla, M., Crimi, N., & Raghu, G. (2010) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00077309 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Follow-up chest radiographic findings in patients with MERS-CoV after recovery
Das, K. M., Lee, E. Y., Singh, R., Enani, M. A., Al Dossari, K., Van Gorkom, K., Larsson, S. G., & Langer, R. D. (2017) · Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging · doi:10.4103/ijri.ijri_469_16 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Burnham, E. L., Janssen, W. J., Riches, D. W. H., Moss, M., & Downey, G. P. (2013) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00196412 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Transepithelial Migration of Neutrophils
Zemans, R. L., Colgan, S. P., & Downey, G. P. (2009) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2008-0348tr · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Nathan, S. D., Albera, C., Bradford, W. Z., Costabel, U., Glaspole, I., Glassberg, M. K., Kardatzke, D. R., Daigl, M., Kirchgaessler, K.-U., Lancaster, L. H., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30326-5 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study of susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Allen, R. J., Guillen-Guio, B., Oldham, J. M., Ma, S.-F., Dressen, A., Paynton, M. L., Kraven, L. M., Obeidat, M., Li, X., Ng, M., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201905-1017oc · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Jenkins, G. R. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci27183 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Blockade of IL-6 <i>Trans</i> Signaling Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis
Le, T.-T. T., Karmouty-Quintana, H., Melicoff, E., Le, T.-T. T., Weng, T., Chen, N.-Y., Pedroza, M., Zhou, Y., Davies, J., Philip, K., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302470 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
George, P. M., Patterson, C. M., Reed, A. K., & Thillai, M. (2019) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30502-2 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Self-citationThe IL-1 cytokine family and its role in inflammation and fibrosis in the lung
Borthwick, L. A. (2016) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-016-0559-z · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Thille, A. W., Esteban, A., Fernández-Segoviano, P., Rodríguez, J., Aramburu, J., Vargas-Errázuriz, P., Martín-Pellicer, A., Lorente, J. A., & Frutos–Vivar, F. (2013) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70053-5 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Antonio, G. E., Wong, K. T., Hui, D. S. C., Wu, A. K. L., Lee, N. L. S., Yuen, E. H. Y., Leung, C. B., Rainer, T. H., Cameron, P. A., Chung, S. S. C., et al. (2003) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2283030726 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Viral Infection in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Wootton, S. C., Kim, D. S., Kondoh, Y., Chen, E., Lee, J. S., Song, J. W., Huh, J. W., Taniguchi, H., Chiu, C., Boushey, H., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201010-1752oc · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Controversies of renin–angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic
South, A. M., Tomlinson, L. A., Edmonston, D. L., Hiremath, S. S., & Sparks, M. A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-020-0279-4 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
A novel, orally active LPA 1 receptor antagonist inhibits lung fibrosis in the mouse bleomycin model
Swaney, J. S., Chapman, C. W., Correa, L., Stebbins, K. J., Bundey, R., Prodanovich, P., Fagan, P. C., Baccei, C. S., Santini, A. M., Hutchinson, J., et al. (2010) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00828.x · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Matrix metalloproteinases in acute lung injury: mediators of injury and drivers of repair
Davey, A., McAuley, D. F., & O’Kane, C. M. (2011) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00032111 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Jo, H. E., Glaspole, I., Grainge, C., Goh, N. S. L., Hopkins, P. M.-A., Moodley, Y. P., Reynolds, P. N., Chapman, S. A., Walters, E. H., Zappala, C. J., et al. (2017) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01592-2016 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Raghu, G., van den Blink, B., Hamblin, M. J., Brown, A., Golden, J. A., Ho, L. A., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Vašáková, M., Pesci, A., Antin-Ozerkis, D. E., et al. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6129 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Interleukin-1β Causes Acute Lung Injury via αvβ5 and αvβ6 Integrin–Dependent Mechanisms
Ganter, M. T., Roux, J., Miyazawa, B. Y., Howard, M., Frank, J. A., Su, G., Sheppard, D., Violette, S. M., Weinreb, P. H., Horan, G. S. B., et al. (2008) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.107.161067 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: CT Abnormalities at Long-term Follow-up
Desai, S. R., Wells, A. U., Rubens, M. B., Evans, T. W., & Hansell, D. M. (1999) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.210.1.r99ja2629 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationModulation of Hepatic Fibrosis by c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase Inhibition
Kluwe, J., Pradere, J., Gwak, G., Mencin, A., De Minicis, S., Österreicher, C. H., Colmenero, J., Bataller, R., & Schwabe, R. F. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.09.015 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Exploration of a potent PI3 kinase/mTOR inhibitor as a novel anti-fibrotic agent in IPF
Mercer, P. F., Woodcock, H. V., Eley, J. D., Platé, M., Sulikowski, M. G., Durrenberger, P. F., Franklin, L., Nanthakumar, C. B., Man, Y., Genovese, F., et al. (2016) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207429 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Collard, H. R., Yow, E. S., Richeldi, L., Anstrom, K. J., Glazer, C. S., & for the IPFnet investigators (2013) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-14-73 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: effects and optimal management of comorbidities
King, C. S., & Nathan, S. D. (2016) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30222-3 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Ma, F. Y., Flanc, R. S., Tesch, G. H., Han, Y., Atkins, R. C., Bennett, B. L., Friedman, G. C., Fan, J.-H., & Nikolic‐Paterson, D. J. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2006060604 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Lu, F., Kang, L., et al. (2017) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0405-7 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Pharmacology and therapeutic potential of interferons
George, P. M., Badiger, R., Alazawi, W., Foster, G. R., & Mitchell, J. A. (2012) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.006 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationAnti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Therapy Attenuates Lung Injury and Fibrosis in Mice
Hamada, N., Kuwano, K., Yamada, M., Hagimoto, N., Hiasa, K., Egashira, K., Nakashima, N., Maeyama, T., Yoshimi, M., & Nakanishi, Y. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.1224 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Moodley, Y. P., Scaffidi, A. K., Misso, N. L., Keerthisingam, C., McAnulty, R. J., Laurent, G. J., Mutsaers, S. E., Thompson, P. J., & Knight, D. A. (2003) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63658-9 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Li, Y., Li, H., Liu, S., Pan, P., Su, X., Tan, H., Wu, D., Zhang, L., Song, C., Dai, M., et al. (2018) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2018.05.003 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Chen, J., Zhao, S., & Li, H. (2013) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000351179 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Evidence for the Involvement of Type I Interferon in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
George, P. M., Oliver, E., Dorfmüller, P., et al. (2013) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.114.302221 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationO'Donoghue, R. J. J., Knight, D. A., Richards, C. D., Prêle, C. M., Lau, H. L., Jarnicki, A. G., Jones, J., Bozinovski, S., Vlahos, R., Thiem, S., et al. (2012) · EMBO Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/emmm.201100604 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
A randomised, placebo-controlled study of omipalisib (PI3K/mTOR) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Lukey, P. T., Harrison, S. A., Yang, S., Man, Y., Holman, B. F., Rashidnasab, A., Azzopardi, G., Grayer, M., Simpson, J. K., Bareille, P. J., et al. (2019) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01992-2018 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Outcome and Prognostic Factors
Simon-Blancal, V., Freynet, O., Nunès, H., Bouvry, D., Naggara, N., Brillet, P., Denis, D., Cohen, Y., Vincent, F., Valeyre, D., et al. (2011) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000329891 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Quality of Life, Pulmonary Function, and Tomographic Scan Abnormalities After ARDS
Masclans, J. R., Roca, O., Muñoz, X., Pallisa, E., Torres, F., Rello, J., & Morell, F. (2011) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.10-2438 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
JNK inhibition reduces lung remodeling and pulmonary fibrotic systemic markers
van der Velden, J. L. J., Ye, Y., Nolin, J. D., Hoffman, S. M., Chapman, D. G., Lahue, K. G., Abdalla, S. T., Chen, P., Liu, Y., Bennett, B. L., et al. (2016) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40169-016-0117-2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Sun, L. X., & Feng, R. E. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200311-00312 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Huang, F., Xu, J., Yang, P., Qin, Y., Cao, M., Wang, Z., Li, X., Zhang, S., Ye, L., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.03.20.20039586 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients treated with interferon
Savale, L., Sattler, C., Günther, S., et al. (2014) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00057914 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Predicting Life Expectancy for Pirfenidone in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Fisher, M., Nathan, S. D., Hill, C., Marshall, J. D., Dejonckheere, F., Thuresson, P.-O., & Maher, T. M. (2017) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2017.23.3-b.s17 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Pentraxins in Complement Activation and Regulation
Ma, Y. J., & Garred, P. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03046 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Chen, Y.-J., Wang, S., Weng, I., Hong, M.-H., Lo, T.-H., Jan, J., Hsu, L.-C., Chen, H., & Liu, F. (2018) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.014 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
An Autotaxin/Lysophosphatidic Acid/Interleukin‐6 Amplification Loop Drives Scleroderma Fibrosis
Castelino, F. V., Bain, G., Pace, V. A., Black, K. E., George, L., Probst, C. K., Goulet, L., Lafyatis, R., & Tager, A. M. (2016) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.39797 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Bidirectional role of IL-6 signal in pathogenesis of lung fibrosis
Kobayashi, T., Tanaka, K., Fujita, T., Umezawa, H., Amano, H., Yoshioka, K., Naito, Y., Hatano, M., Kimura, S., Tatsumi, K., et al. (2015) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0261-z · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Iwata, T., Yoshida, S., Fujiwara, T., et al. (2016) · The Annals of Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.05.094 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Lazar, M. N., Banerjee, A., Feng, C., Amin, M. N., Frieman, M. B., Chen, W. H., Cross, A. S., Wang, L., & Vasta, G. R. (2015) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.010 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Chest CT Features are Associated With Poorer Quality of Life in Acute Lung Injury Survivors*
Burnham, E. L., Hyzy, R. C., Paine, R., Coley, C., Kelly, A. M., Quint, L. E., Lynch, D., Janssen, W. J., Moss, M., & Standiford, T. J. (2012) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e31826a5062 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Jia, X., Liu, B., Bao, L., Lv, Q., Li, F., Li, H., An, Y., Zhang, X., Cao, B., & Wang, C. (2018) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007428 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Persistent Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis in Serum Amyloid P Component (Apcs-/-) Knockout Mice
Pilling, D., & Gomer, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093730 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Azuma, A., Li, Y. J., Abe, S., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2003-0374oc · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients treated with interferon
Savale, L., Chaumais, M., Sitbon, O., et al. (2015) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01376-2015 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Gad, E. S., Salama, A., Elshafie, M. F., Arafa, H. M. M., Abdelsalam, R. M., & Khattab, M. M. (2019) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-019-01101-2 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Wang, J., Wang, B. J., Yang, J., Wang, M., Chen, C., Luo, G., & He, W. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200307-00132 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Jia, X., Cao, B., An, Y., Zhang, X., & Wang, C. (2018) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.017 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Rathinasabapathy, A., Horowitz, A., Horton, K., Kumar, A., Gladson, S., Unger, T., Martinez, D., Bedse, G., West, J., Raizada, M. K., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00180 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Pentraxin-2 suppresses c-Jun/AP-1 signaling to inhibit progressive fibrotic disease
Nakagawa, N., Barron, L., Gomez, I. G., Johnson, B. G., Roach, A. M., Kameoka, S., Jack, R. M., Lupher, M. L., Gharib, S. A., & Duffield, J. S. (2016) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.87446 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Jolly, L., Stavrou, A., Vanderstocken, G., Meliopoulos, V., Habgood, A., Tatler, A. L., Porte, J., Knox, A. J., Weinreb, P. H., Violette, S. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.582262 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Regulatory roles of c-jun in H5N1 influenza virus replication and host inflammation
Xie, J., Zhang, S., Hu, Y., Li, D., Cui, J., Xue, J., Zhang, G., Khachigian, L. M., Wong, J. P., Sun, L., et al. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.017 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Andersen, O., Vilsgaard, K., Sørensen, I. J., Jonson, G., Nielsen, E. H., & Svehag, S. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-147.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Serum Amyloid P Is a Sialylated Glycoprotein Inhibitor of Influenza A Viruses
Job, E. R., Bottazzi, B., Gilbertson, B. P., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059623 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Serum amyloid P component inhibits influenza A virus infections: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Horváth, A., Andersen, I., Junker, K., Fogh-Schultz, B. L., Nielsen, E. H., Gizurarson, S., Andersen, O., Karman, J., Rajnavölgyi, É., Erdei, A., et al. (2001) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(01)00158-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Meliopoulos, V., de Velde, L.-A. V., van de Velde, N. C., Karlsson, E. A., Neale, G. A. M., Vogel, P., Guy, C. S., Sharma, S., Duan, S., Surman, S. L., et al. (2016) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005804 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Perioperative pirfenidone treatment for lung cancer patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Kanayama, M., Mori, M., Matsumiya, H., Taira, A., Shinohara, S., Kuwata, T., Imanishi, N., Yoneda, K., Kuroda, K., & Tanaka, F. (2019) · Surgery Today · doi:10.1007/s00595-019-01923-5 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Virakul, S., Heutz, J. W., Dalm, V. A. S. H., et al. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.023 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ding, X., Wang, X., Zhao, X., Jin, S., Tong, Y., Ren, H., Chen, Z., & Li, Q. (2015) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000313 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
JNK1/2 inhibitor reduces dengue virus-induced liver injury
Sreekanth, G. P., Chuncharunee, A., Cheunsuchon, B., et al. (2017) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.02.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Menk, M., Graw, J. A., von Haefen, C., Steinkraus, H., Lachmann, B., Spies, C., & Schwaiberger, D. (2018) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s160573 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in H5N1 influenza A virus RNA and protein synthesis
Zhang, S., Tian, H., Cui, J., et al. (2015) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-015-2668-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sekihara, K., Aokage, K., Miyoshi, T., Tane, K., Ishii, G., & Tsuboi, M. (2020) · Surgery Today · doi:10.1007/s00595-020-01978-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Protective role of JNK inhibitor SP600125 in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
Lou, L., Hu, D., Chen, S., et al. (2019) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Influenza Virus Infection is not Affected by Serum Amyloid P Component
Herbert, J., Hutchinson, W., Carr, J., Ives, J., Jakob-Roetne, R., Yamamura, K., Suzuki, M., & Pepys, M. (2002) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03401998 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Role of Integrin αvβ6 in Acute Lung Injury Induced byPseudomonas aeruginosa
Song, Y., Pittet, J., Huang, X., He, H., Lynch, S. V., Violette, S. M., Weinreb, P. H., Horan, G. S. B., Carmago, A., Sawa, Y., et al. (2008) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01431-07 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nalbandian, A., Sehgal, K., Gupta, A., Madhavan, M. V., McGroder, C., Stevens, J. S., Cook, J. R., Nordvig, A. S., Shalev, D., Sehrawat, T. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z · Cited by 4,862 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers profibrotic macrophage responses and lung fibrosis
Wendisch, D., Dietrich, O., Mari, T., von Stillfried, S., Ibarra, I. L., Mittermaier, M., Mache, C., Chua, R. L., Knoll, R., Timm, S., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.033 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
D’Agnillo, F., Walters, K.-A., Xiao, Y., Sheng, Z.-M., Scherler, K., Park, J., Gygli, S., Rosas, L. A., Sadtler, K., Kalish, H., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7790 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Vascular Disease and Thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Rhesus Macaques
Aid, M., Busman-Sahay, K., Vidal, S. J., Maliga, Z., Bondoc, S., Starke, C., Terry, M., Jacobson, C. A., Wrijil, L., Ducat, S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.005 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
CT of Post-Acute Lung Complications of COVID-19
Solomon, J. J., Heyman, B., Ko, J. P., Condos, R., & Lynch, D. A. (2021) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2021211396 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
COVID-19 and cellular senescence
Schmitt, C. A., Tchkonia, T., Niedernhofer, L. J., Robbins, P. D., Kirkland, J. L., & Lee, S. (2023) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00785-2 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Watanabe, A., So, M., Iwagami, M., Fukunaga, K., Takagi, H., Kabata, H., & Kuno, T. (2022) · Respirology · doi:10.1111/resp.14311 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
The therapeutic potential of galectin-3 inhibition in fibrotic disease
Slack, R. J., Mills, R., & Mackinnon, A. C. (2021) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105881 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Nanoparticle targeting of de novo profibrotic macrophages mitigates lung fibrosis
Singh, A., Chakraborty, S., Wong, S. W., Hefner, N. A., Stuart, A., Qadir, A. S., Mukhopadhyay, A., Bachmaier, K., Shin, J.-W., Rehman, J., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2121098119 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Rosa, B. A., Ahmed, M., Singh, D. K., Choreño-Parra, J. A., Cole, J., Jiménez-Álvarez, L. A., Rodríguez-Reyna, T. S., Singh, B., Gonzalez, O., Carrion, R., et al. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01829-4 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Tornling, G., Batta, R., Porter, J. C., Williams, B., Bengtsson, T., Parmar, K., Kashiva, R., Hallberg, A., Cohrt, A. K., Westergaard, K., et al. (2021) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101152 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Latil, M., Camelo, S., Veillet, S., Lafont, R., & Dilda, P. J. (2021) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.010 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- George, P. M., Wells, A. U., & Jenkins, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Venue
- The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 807-815
- ISSN
- 2213-2600 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7228727
- OpenAlex
- W3026032531
- Cited by
- 1,085
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 161 · 2022: 233 · 2021: 312 · 2020: 147 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 30.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Roche Products
- Canadian Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, antifibrotic therapy, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury, viral pneumonia, fibrosis prevention, risk factors for severe COVID-19, antifibrotic agents
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Antifibrinolytic Agents, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
