The DOI matches its Crossref record; 143 of the 153 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
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“Lakatos (1970) has distinguished between two types of propositions within a theory: hard core propositions and protective belt propositions.Hard core propositions cannot be altered without scrapping the entire theory, but protective belt propositions can be altered while preserving the key, central hypotheses.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Lakatos, 1970
Citations
Cites
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Brunk, C. F., & Marshall, C. R. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11070690 · Cited by 23
A science of consciousness beyond pseudo-science and pseudo-consciousness
Gomez-Marin, A., & Seth, A. K. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01913-6 · Cited by 22
The influence of prior belief on scientific thinking
Evans, J. S. B. T. (2002) · The Cognitive Basis of Science · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511613517.011 · Cited by 22
Hardwicke, T. E., Szűcs, D., Thibault, R. T., Crüwell, S., van den Akker, O. R., Nuijten, M. B., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2021) · Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/25152459211040837 · Cited by 44
Brickhouse (2000) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2736(200005)37:5
Metadata
- Authors
- Lakatos, I.
- Venue
- Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1970-09-02
- Pages
- 91-196
- OpenAlex
- W256019955
- Cited by
- 4,649
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 195 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 114 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 84.37
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Logic and Philosophy of Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Social Sciences › Education › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Keywords
- falsification, scientific research programs, methodology of science, Karl Popper, philosophy of science
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