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Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
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“Lakatos (1970) has distinguished between two types of propositions within a theory: hard core propositions and protective belt propositions.Hard core propositions cannot be altered without scrapping the entire theory, but protective belt propositions can be altered while preserving the key, central hypotheses.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Lakatos, 1970
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“Alternatively, hypotheses may survive (or fail to survive) a process of &dquo;falsification&dquo; (see especially Lakatos, 1970).”
BackgroundFonseca, F., & Martin, J. E. (2004) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20099 · Cited by 43
“Good instrumentalist examples can be found in Friedman (1953) and Lakatos (1970).”
BackgroundNíaz, M. (1996) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/0950069960180503 · Cited by 43
Critical (Realist) Reflection on Policy and Management Research in Sport, Tourism and Sports Tourism
Downward, P. M. (2005) · European Sport Management Quarterly · doi:10.1080/16184740500190702 · Cited by 43
Archaeological excavations at Mungo
Shawcross, W. (1998) · Archaeology in Oceania/Archæology & physical anthropology in Oceania · doi:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1998.tb00417.x · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Lakatos, I.
- Venue
- Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1970-09-02
- Pages
- 91-196
- OpenAlex
- W256019955
- Cited by
- 4,649
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 195 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 114 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 84.37
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Logic and Philosophy of Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Social Sciences › Education › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Keywords
- falsification, scientific research programs, methodology of science, Karl Popper, philosophy of science
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