The DOI matches its Crossref record; 143 of the 153 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Lakatos (1970) has distinguished between two types of propositions within a theory: hard core propositions and protective belt propositions.Hard core propositions cannot be altered without scrapping the entire theory, but protective belt propositions can be altered while preserving the key, central hypotheses.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Lakatos, 1970
Citations
Cites
THE STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS
McGuire, J. E. (1963) · Philosophical Books · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0149.1963.tb00813.x · Cited by 8,547
Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy
Reid, L. A., & Polanyi, M. (1959) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3119338 · Cited by 7,880
Nagel, E., & Hawkins, D. (1961) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1937571 · Cited by 3,804
Alexander, P. F. (1963) · Philosophical Books · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0149.1963.tb00798.x · Cited by 2,859
The Logic of Scientific Discovery.
Rescher, N., Popper, K. R., & Hanson, N. R. (1960) · Philosophy and Phenomenological Research · doi:10.2307/2104331 · Cited by 2,455
On the relative motion of the Earth and the luminiferous ether
Michelson, A. A., & Morley, E. W. (1887) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-34.203.333 · Cited by 1,581
Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist
Synge, J. L. (1950) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.1950.11776081 · Cited by 1,381
Statistical significance in psychological research.
Lykken, D. T. (1968) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0026141 · Cited by 1,363
Versuch einer Theorie der ?-Strahlen. I
Fermi, E. (1934) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1007/bf01351864 · Cited by 1,361
G., T. (1936) · Nature · doi:10.1038/138823a0 · Cited by 1,178
Research works printed but not linked: 69
- Le Roy, 1901, Un Positivisme Nouveau, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 9, 138
- Maxwell, 1871, Theory of Heat
- Thomson, 1929, On the Waves associated with β-rays, and the Relation between Free Electrons and their Waves, Philosophical Magazine, 7, 405
- Poincaré, 1902, La Science et l'Hypothèse
- Juhos, 1966, Über die empirische Induktion, Studium Generale, 19, 259
- Hevesy, 1913, Letter to Rutherford, 14.10.1913, XLII
- Lorentz, 1892, The Relative Motion of the Earth and the Ether, Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, I, 74
- Musgrave, 1969, Impersonal Knowledge
- Popper, The Aim of Science, Ratio, 1, 24–35
- Lorentz, 18926, Stokes' Theory of Aberration, Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, I, 97-103
- Prout, 1815, On the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weights of their Atoms, Annals of Philosophy, 6, 321
- Mott, 1933, Handbuch der Physik, 24, 785–841
- Crookes, 1886, Report of British Association, 558
- Whewell, 1860, On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical
- Leibnitz, 1678, Letter to Conring, 19
- Russell, 1914, The Philosophy of Bergson
- Popper, 1968, Problems in the Philosophy of Science, 88–102
- Keynes, 1921, A Treatise on Probability
- Agassi, 1959, How are Facts Discovered?, Impulse, 3, 2–4
- Grünbaum, 1960, The Duhemian Argument, Philosophy of Science, 11, 75–87
- Popper, 1934, Logik der Forschung
- Whittaker, 1947, From Euclid to Eddington
- Popkin, 1968, Problems in the Philosophy of Science, 1–28
- Lorentz, 1897, Concerning the Problem of the Dragging Along of the Ether by the Earth, Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 6, 266
- Bohr, 1922, The Structure of the Atom
- Soddy, 1932, The Interpretation of the Atom
- Wu, 1966, Beta Decay
- Einstein, 1931, Gedenkworte auf Albert A. Michelson, Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie, 44, 658
- Bartley, 1968, Problems in the Philosophy of Science, 40–64
- Fresnel, 1818, Lettre à François Arago sur l'Influence du Mouvement Terrestre dans quelques Phénomènes Optiques, Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 9, 57
- Poincaré, 1891, Les géométries non euclidiennes, Revue Générale des Sciences Pures et Appliquées, 2, 769
- Michelson, On the Application of Interference Methods to Spectroscopic Measurements, I-II, Philosophical Magazine, 31, 338
- Lorentz, 1895, Versucheiner Theorie der electrischen und optischen Erscheinungen in bewegten Körpern, 89-92
- Bohr, 1930, Chemistry and the Quantum Theory of Atomic Constitution, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1, 349
- Koestler, 1959, The Sleepwalkers
- Popper, 1965, Normal Science and ite Dangers, this volume, 51
- Agassi, 1964, The Critical Approach to Science and Philosophy, 189–211
- Lorentz, 1886, De l'Influence du Mouvement de la Terre sur les Phénomènes Lumineux, Versl. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam, 2, 297-358
- Lakatos, 1968, The Problem of Inductive Logic, 315–417
- Lakatos, 19686, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 69, 149
- Morley, 1904, Letter to Kelvin, Philosophical Magazine, 8, 753
- Pauli, 1958, Aufsätze und Vortrage über Physik und Erkenntnistheorie, 156
- Grünbaum, 1959, Current Issues in the Philosophy of Science, 40–155
- Lakatos, 1971, PSA, 174
- Musgrave, 1974, The Philosophy of Sir Karl Popper
- Bohr, 19136, Letter to Rutherford, xxxviii
- Larmor, 1904, On the Ascertained Absence of Effects of Motion through the Aether, in Relation to the Constitution of Matter, and on the Fitzgerald-Lorentz Hypothesis, Philosophical Magazine, 6, 621
- Feyerabend, 1970, Against Method, Minnesota Studies for the Philosophy of Science, 4
- Runge, 1925, Äther und Relativitätstheorie, Die naturwissenschaften, 13, 440
- Einstein, 1909, Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung, Physikalische Zeitschrift, 10, 817
- Popper, 19576, The Poverty of Historicism
- Quine, 1953, From a Logical Point of View
- Einstein, 1927, Neue Experimente über den Einfluss der Erdbewegung auf die Lichtgeschwindigkeit relativ zur Erde, Forschungen und Fortschritte, 3, 36
- Nagel, 1967, What is True and False in Science: Medawar ana the Anatomy of Research, Encounter, 29, 68–70
- Planck, 1900, Über eine Verbesserung der Wienschen Spektralgleichung, Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 2, 202
- Ter, 1067, The Old Quantum Theory
- Medawar, 1967, The Art of the Soluble
- Hempel, 1952, Some Theses on Empirical Certainty, The Review of Metaphysics, 5, 620
- Marignac, Prout's Hypothesis, 48–58
- Planck, 1947, Scientific Autobiography
- Popper, 1968, Proceedings of the XIV International Congress of Philosophy, 1, 25–53
- Synge, 1952, Effects of Acceleration in the Michelson-Morley Experiment, The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, 26, 45-54
- Bemal, 1965, Science in History
- Meitner, 1933, Handbuch der Physik, 22, 118
- Davisson, 1937, Nobel Lecture
- Feyerabend, 1969, The nature and Function of Scientific Theory
- Lakatos, 19716, PSA, 91–135
- Stokes, 1845, On the Aberration of Light, Philosophical Magazine, 9–15
- Laplace, 1796, Exposition du Système du Monde
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A PUBLIC MANAGEMENT FOR ALL SEASONS
HOOD, C. (1991) · Public Administration · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x · Cited by 10,159
Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination
Haas, P. M. (1992) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300001442 · Cited by 7,891
Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change
Posner, G. J., Strike, K. A., Hewson, P. W., & Gertzog, W. A. (1982) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.3730660207 · Cited by 5,187
“Irme Lakatos ( 1970) labels scientists’ central commitments as their “theoretical hard core” and suggests that these commitments generate “research programs” designed to apply them to and defend them from experience.”
BackgroundTheory Construction in Qualitative Research: From Grounded Theory to Abductive Analysis
Timmermans, S., & Tavory, I. (2012) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1177/0735275112457914 · Cited by 4,349
“This already complex way of thinking about research (see also Lakatos 1970) is further problematized by the fact that explanans and explanandum are not only honed and refined but sometimes thrown out to give way to a different casing, and often more than one casing is in mind at a given time.”
BackgroundStudents' and teachers' conceptions of the nature of science: A review of the research
Lederman, N. G. (1992) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660290404 · Cited by 2,241
BOYCE, W. T., & ELLIS, B. J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050145 · Cited by 2,078
Validating the interpretations and uses of test scores
Kane, M. T. (2013) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/jedm.12000 · Cited by 2,110
Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing
Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-W. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.2.211 · Cited by 2,094
Hofer, B. K., & Pintrich, P. R. (1997) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543067001088 · Cited by 3,181
“Construction of these upper stages was initially guided by reviews of a broad range of work on reflective thinking and ego, social, and epistemological development (Broughton, 1975; Dewey, 1933, 1938; Harvey, Hunt, & Schroder, 1961; Lakatos, 1970; Loevinger, 1976; Popper, 1969).”
BackgroundFifteen Years of Research on Business Model Innovation
Foss, N. J., & Saebi, T. (2016) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206316675927 · Cited by 2,296
Understanding and misunderstanding randomized controlled trials
Deaton, A., & Cartwright, N. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.005 · Cited by 1,841
Mental models of the earth: A study of conceptual change in childhood
Vosniadou, S., & Brewer, W. F. (1992) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(92)90018-w · Cited by 1,662
Cross, N. (1982) · Design Studies · doi:10.1016/0142-694x(82)90040-0 · Cited by 1,679
Capturing and modeling the process of conceptual change
Vosniadou, S. (1994) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/0959-4752(94)90018-3 · Cited by 1,421
“This framework theory of physics constrains the process of acquiring knowledge about the physical world in ways analogous to those that research programs and paradigms have been thought to constrain the development of scientific theories (Kuhn, 1977; Lakatos, 1970).”
MethodThe emulation theory of representation: Motor control, imagery, and perception
Grush, R. (2004) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x04000093 · Cited by 1,387
Barriers to the Advance of Organizational Science: Paradigm Development as a Dependent Variable
Pfeffer, J. (1993) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1993.9402210152 · Cited by 1,404
Chinn, C. A., & Brewer, W. F. (1993) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543063001001 · Cited by 1,393
Recent Evolutionary Theorizing About Economic Change
Nelson, R. R. (2000) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80840-0_5 · Cited by 1,290
The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.
Greenwald, A. G. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.7.603 · Cited by 1,942
“Kuhn ( 1970) and Lakatos (1970) have proposed that the predisposition to confirm existing theoretical beliefs is pervasively characteristic of the research behavior of scientists, and I ( Greenwald, 1975a) have reported data showing that psychologists are strongly inclined to disregard research…”
BackgroundThe Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: The Many Faces of Constructivism
Phillips, D. C. (1995) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x024007005 · Cited by 1,330
Neutral theory and community ecology
Chave, J. (2004) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2003.00566.x · Cited by 1,131
“According to Lakatos (1970), ‘insistence on testing predictions too early [...] may result in premature rejection of a partially correct theory , hence theories should be ‘sheltered before they are ‘mature .”
BackgroundInfluentialExplanation: a mechanist alternative
Bechtel, W., & Abrahamsen, A. A. (2005) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2005.03.010 · Cited by 1,143
“The result looks much more like a research program (Lakatos, 1970) than like the classical account of theory testing.”
Case Studies: Types, Designs, and Logics of Inference
Levy, J. S. (2008) · Conflict Management and Peace Science · doi:10.1080/07388940701860318 · Cited by 1,219
“…not the end of inquiry, as the theory refined on the basis of deviant case analysis must be subject to subsequent testing against new evidence, whether in either largeN or small-N analysis, by applying the revised hypotheses to other cases or to unexamined aspects of the same case (Lakatos, 1970).”
Peer-review practices of psychological journals: The fate of published articles, submitted again
Peters, D. P., & Ceci, S. J. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00011183 · Cited by 1,079
The Renaissance of Security Studies
Walt, S. M. (1991) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2600471 · Cited by 1,083
Science Education International
International Council of Associations for Science Education (2019) · Science education international · doi:10.33828/sei · Cited by 1,071
On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity.
Snyder, M., & Gangestad, S. W. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.125 · Cited by 1,068
“…may believe that knowledge is most effectively advanced through attempts to retain as much of the initial core of the formulation as possible (cf. Lakatos, 1970), or one may believe that the scientific enterprise is served best by relentless attempts to provide radically different alternative…”
BackgroundA rational analysis of the selection task as optimal data selection.
Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.4.608 · Cited by 1,065
“This comparative aspect of hypothesis testing is central to much recent philosophy of science (Earman, 1992; Lakatos, 1970; Platt, 1964).”
BackgroundConclusion: epistemic communities, world order, and the creation of a reflective research program
Adler, E., & Haas, P. M. (1992) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818300001533 · Cited by 1,059
Nature of Science: Past, Present, and Future
Lederman, N. G. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9780203824696-35 · Cited by 994
“If one considers the differences among the works of Popper (1959), Kuhn (1962), Lakatos (1970), Feyerabend (1975), Laudan (1977), and Giere (1988), it becomes quite clear that perceptions of NOS are as tentative, if not more so, than scientific knowledge itself.”
BackgroundUnpacking cosmopolitanism for the social sciences: a research agenda
Beck, U., & Sznaider, N. (2006) · The British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00091.x · Cited by 957
“…of the social sciences from a national to a cosmopolitan outlook can be understood and methodologically justified as a ‘positive problem shift’ (Lakatos 1970), a broadening of © London School of Economics and Political Science 2010British Journal of Sociology horizons for social science…”
BackgroundThe Knower and the Known: The Nature of Knowledge in Research on Teaching
Fenstermacher, G. D. (1994) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.2307/1167381 · Cited by 927
WHY SUMMARIES OF RESEARCH ON PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ARE OFTEN UNINTERPRETABLE
Meehl, P. E. (1990) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1990.66.1.195 · Cited by 934
“…money goes down the drain in research that pseudotests theories in soft psychology and that it would be a material social advance as well as a reduction in what Lakatos has called "intellectual pollution" (Lakatos, 1970, fn. 1 on p. 176) if we would quit engaging in this feckless enterprise.”
BackgroundMethodHistory of Science and Its Rational Reconstructions
Lakatos, I. (1970) · PSA Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association · doi:10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1970.495757 · Cited by 803
“…them writes: 'At this stage we have not yet developed a general theory of criticism even for scientific theories, let alone for theories of rationality: therefore ifwe want to falsify methodological falsificationism, we have to do it before having a theory of how to do it' (Lakatos, 1970, p. 114).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEnergy and economic growth in the USA
Stern, D. I. (1993) · Energy Economics · doi:10.1016/0140-9883(93)90033-n · Cited by 781
The Third Debate: On the Prospects of International Theory in a Post-Positivist Era
Lapid, Y. (1989) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2600457 · Cited by 781
Inquiry in science education: International perspectives
Abd‐El‐Khalick, F., Boujaoude, S. B., Duschl, R. A., Lederman, N. G., Mamlok‐Naaman, R., Hofstein, A., Níaz, M., Treagust, D. F., & Tuan, H. (2004) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.10118 · Cited by 844
Merging information in speech recognition: Feedback is never necessary
Norris, D. G., McQueen, J. M., & Cutler, A. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00003241 · Cited by 771
Supply chain management: a structured literature review and implications for future research
Burgess, K., Singh, P., & Koroglu, R. (2006) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/01443570610672202 · Cited by 755
Four ways five factors are not basic
Eysenck, H. J. (1992) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90237-j · Cited by 786
Organizational Social Network Research:Core Ideas and Key Debates
Kilduff, M. J., & Brass, D. J. (2010) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.1080/19416520.2010.494827 · Cited by 802
Current Concerns in Validity Theory
Kane, M. T. (2001) · Journal of Educational Measurement · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.2001.tb01130.x · Cited by 753
“Theoretical constructs and the theories in which they are defined constitute hypotheses or conjectures intended to explain the observed phenomena (Popper, 1965; Lakatos, 1970).”
BackgroundLegro, J. W., & Moravcsik, A. M. (1999) · International Security · doi:10.1162/016228899560130 · Cited by 751
Dynamics of energy technologies and global change
Grübler, A., Nakićenović, N., & Victor, D. G. (1999) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(98)00067-6 · Cited by 726
“Like the development of science itself, portrayed by Lakatos (1970), the core de"nes the basic functions of the technology } it attracts compatible incremental changes and deters radical incompatible change.”
MethodA Reconstruction of Constructivism in International Relations
Guzzini, S. (2000) · European Journal of International Relations · doi:10.1177/1354066100006002001 · Cited by 753
Social Network Analysis: Foundations and Frontiers on Advantage
Burt, R. S., Kilduff, M. J., & Tasselli, S. (2013) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143828 · Cited by 749
Competitive advantage: logical and philosophical considerations
Powell, T. C. (2001) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.173 · Cited by 740
“…infrastructure of empirical irrefutability, have an inherent religious or metaphysical character that cannot support propositional attitudes of “empirical certainty” or even “probability”, but only attitudes such as opinion, belief, or faith (Popper, 1972; Lakatos, 1970; Wittgenstein, 1922; 1958).”
News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program: a Response to Entman
D’Angelo, P. (2002) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02578.x · Cited by 690
Beck, U. (2002) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276402019004003 · Cited by 664
Murmann, J. P., & Frenken, K. (2006) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.011 · Cited by 654
The value of corporate accounting reports: Arguments for a political economy of accounting
Cooper, D. J., & Sherer, M. J. (1984) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/0361-3682(84)90008-4 · Cited by 648
Puhakainen, P., & Siponen, M. (2010) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/25750704 · Cited by 700
Biological Complexity and Integrative Pluralism
Mitchell, S. D. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511802683 · Cited by 652
Prospect Theory, Rational Choice, and International Relations
Levy, J. S. (1997) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00034 · Cited by 645
Tetlock, P. E. (2002) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.3.451 · Cited by 646
Teachers' Beliefs About the Nature of Science and Their Relationship to Classroom Practice
Brickhouse, N. W. (1990) · Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1177/002248719004100307 · Cited by 650
Nelson, L. D., Simmons, J., & Simonsohn, U. (2018) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011836 · Cited by 548
“If critics of a replication cannot specify conditions under which the effect is expected to replicate, then they are not making a scientific claim (Lakatos 1970).”
BackgroundA NEO‐DARWINIAN COMMENTARY ON MACROEVOLUTION
Charlesworth, B., Lande, R., & Slatkin, M. (1982) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05068.x · Cited by 599
“Although recognizing the role of theory in guiding observation and experiment, and that, like evolution, science proceeds at variable rates, philosophers have criticized Kuhn's conception of scientific revolutions (see Lakatos, 1970; Shapere, 1971; Suppe, 1977).”
BackgroundOn the Formulation of Empirical-models in Dynamic Econometrics
Hendry, D., & Richard, J. (1982) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(82)90101-4 · Cited by 552
Reasoning in Organization Science
Mantere, S., & Ketokivi, M. A. (2012) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2011.0188 · Cited by 674
From Poverty to Perversity: Ideas, Markets, and Institutions over 200 Years of Welfare Debate
Somers, M. R., & Block, F. (2005) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/000312240507000204 · Cited by 592
In the Shadow of Law or Power? Consensus-Based Bargaining and Outcomes in the GATT/WTO
Steinberg, R. H. (2002) · International Organization · doi:10.1162/002081802320005504 · Cited by 588
“See Popper 1959; Kuhn 1962; and Lakatos 1970, 173-80.”
Definitions, Foundations and Associations of Physical Literacy: A Systematic Review
Edwards, L. C., Bryant, A. S., Keegan, R. J., Morgan, K., & Jones, A. M. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0560-7 · Cited by 730
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: Recent Developments in Case Study Methods
Bennett, A., & Elman, C. (2006) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104918 · Cited by 633
Competing perspectives on graduate employability: possession, position or process?
Holmes, L. (2011) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2011.587140 · Cited by 564
“Moreover, it opens up novel lines of research and may thus be regarded as yielding a ‘progressive research programme’ (Lakatos 1970).”
BackgroundConcepts, Misconceptions and Alternative Conceptions: Changing Perspectives in Science Education
Gilbert, J. K., & Watts, M. (1983) · Studies in Science Education · doi:10.1080/03057268308559905 · Cited by 567
Kamil, A. C. (2001) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(01)00068-x · Cited by 547
Matthews, G., Deary, I. J., & Whiteman, M. C. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812736 · Cited by 557
Under what conditions does theory obstruct research progress?
Greenwald, A. G., Pratkanis, A. R., Leippe, M. R., & Baumgardner, M. H. (1986) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.216 · Cited by 574
“Our description of researchers' theory-confirming activities fits better with Kuhn's conception of puzzle solving than with Popper's "sophisticated falsificationism" (as characterized by Lakatos, 1970).”
MethodFurnishing the Edifice: Ongoing Research on Public Relations As a Strategic Management Function
Grunig, J. E. (2006) · Journal of Public Relations Research · doi:10.1207/s1532754xjprr1802_5 · Cited by 532
“Other philosophers of science (e.g., Brown, 1977; Lakatos, 1970; Laudan, 1977; Shapere, 1977; Suppe, 1977; Toulmin, 1972) conceptualized these comprehensive cognitive structures to be more malleable and changeable than did Kuhn.”
BackgroundEmpirical Validation of Agent-Based Models: Alternatives and Prospects
Windrum, P., Fagiolo, G., & Moneta, A. (2007) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 513
The Role of Central Conceptual Structures in the Development of Children's Thought
Case, R., Okamoto, Y., Griffin, S., McKeough, A., Bleiker, C., Henderson, B., Stephenson, K. M., Siegler, R. S., & Keating, D. P. (1996) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166077 · Cited by 489
Darden, L., & Maull, N. L. (1977) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/288723 · Cited by 484
Three ways to make replication mainstream
Gantman, A. P., Gomila, R., Martinez, J. E., Matias, J., Paluck, E., Starck, J. G., Wu, S., & Yaffe, N. (2017) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x17001972 · Cited by 302
CONTENTION SCHEDULING AND THE CONTROL OF ROUTINE ACTIVITIES
Cooper, R., & Shallice, T. (2000) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/026432900380427 · Cited by 493
Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability.
Rushton, J. P., & Jensen, A. R. (2005) · Psychology, Public Policy, and Law · doi:10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235 · Cited by 457
Methodological and Epistemic Differences between Historical Science and Experimental Science*
Cleland, C. E. (2002) · Philosophia Scientiæ · doi:10.1086/342455 · Cited by 367
Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: A common factors perspective.
Laska, K. M., Gurman, A. S., & Wampold, B. E. (2014) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/a0034332 · Cited by 443
“However, “the problem fever of science is raised by the proliferation of rival theories rather than by counterexamples or anomalies” (Lakatos, 1970, p. 121) and consequently the validity of the EST approach requires that it be examined vis-à-vis rival theories, the most prominent of which is CF.”
BackgroundChapter 1 Labor supply of men: A survey
Pencavel, J. (1986) · Handbook of labour economics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4463(86)01004-0 · Cited by 451
Theories of Knowledge Restructuring in Development
Vosniadou, S., & Brewer, W. F. (1987) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543057001051 · Cited by 442
Chapter 1: The Knower and the Known: The Nature of Knowledge in Research on Teaching
Fenstermacher, G. D. (1994) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x020001003 · Cited by 1,155
Coyne, J. C., & Whiffen, V. E. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.358 · Cited by 441
A Prospectus for Theory Construction in Marketing
Bagozzi, R. P. (1984) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224298404800102 · Cited by 430
Learning in Science — From Behaviourism Towards Social Constructivism and Beyond
Duit, R. H., & Treagust, D. F. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4940-2_1 · Cited by 432
Meehl, P. E. (1990) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0102_1 · Cited by 673
“When Popper (1935/1959, 1983) cited an episode (e.g., the quick demise of the Bohr–Kramers–Slater quantum theory) to defend his ideas about falsification, and Feyerabend (1970) or Lakatos (1970) cited Prout's hypothesis on the other side, what do these selected episodes prove?”
BackgroundTheorizing engagement: the potential of a critical dialogic approach
Bebbington, J., Brown, J. A., Frame, B., & Thomson, I. (2007) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/09513570710748544 · Cited by 440
News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program: A Response to Entman
D’Angelo, P. (2002) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/52.4.870 · Cited by 420
A Material Theory of Induction
Norton, J. D. (2003) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/378858 · Cited by 409
The meaning of representation in animal memory
Roitblat, H. L. (1982) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00012486 · Cited by 406
Contrasting approaches to a theory of learning
Johnston, T. D. (1981) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00007950 · Cited by 400
“…neutrality of methodology (i.e. that "facts" exist to be "collected" by a convenient methodology, like collecting pebbles on a beach), this view has been -almost universally abandoned, with good reason, by modern philosophers of science (see Kuhn 1962; Hanson 1969; Medawar 1969; Lakatos 1970).”
BackgroundLaird, J. E., Lebiere, C., & Rosenbloom, P. S. (2017) · AI Magazine · doi:10.1609/aimag.v38i4.2744 · Cited by 392
Explanatory Typologies in Qualitative Studies of International Politics
Elman, C. (2005) · International Organization · doi:10.1017/s0020818305050101 · Cited by 405
Sinatra, G. M., Kienhues, D., & Hofer, B. K. (2014) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520.2014.916216 · Cited by 422
“The tentativeness of science is one of the foundations of scientific inquiry, and scientists generally focus their work on the edge of uncertainty (Lakatos, 1970).”
BackgroundThe Generative Learning Model and its Implications for Science Education
Osborne, R. J., & Wittrock, M. C. (1985) · Studies in Science Education · doi:10.1080/03057268508559923 · Cited by 380
"Sobjectivism": Toward a Constructivist Methodology
Pouliot, V. (2007) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2478.2007.00455.x · Cited by 400
Learning progressions and teaching sequences: a review and analysis
Duschl, R. A., Seungho, M., & Sezen‐Barrie, A. (2011) · Studies in Science Education · doi:10.1080/03057267.2011.604476 · Cited by 409
Oxidative phosphorylation: regulation and role in cellular and tissue metabolism
Wilson, D. F. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp273839 · Cited by 377
“As emphasized by Imre Lakatos (1970, 1978), in biology the collection and interpretation of experimental data involves large numbers of assumptions/hypotheses, many of which are not stated or are presented as facts.”
BackgroundProspect Theory and International Relations: Theoretical Applications and Analytical Problems
Levy, J. S. (1992) · Political Psychology · doi:10.2307/3791682 · Cited by 374
Tetlock, P. E. (2000) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2667073 · Cited by 366
The psychology of being "right": The problem of accuracy in social perception and cognition.
Kruglanski, A. W. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.3.395 · Cited by 502
Metadata
- Authors
- Lakatos, I.
- Venue
- Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1970-09-02
- Pages
- 91-196
- OpenAlex
- W256019955
- Cited by
- 4,649
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 195 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 114 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 84.37
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Logic and Philosophy of Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Social Sciences › Education › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Keywords
- falsification, scientific research programs, methodology of science, Karl Popper, philosophy of science
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
