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Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
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“Lakatos (1970) has distinguished between two types of propositions within a theory: hard core propositions and protective belt propositions.Hard core propositions cannot be altered without scrapping the entire theory, but protective belt propositions can be altered while preserving the key, central hypotheses.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Lakatos, 1970
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“Following Imre Lakatos (1970, 1974a, 1974b, 1981), Paul Thagard (1978) and Daniel Rothbart (1990) have characterized science in terms of the requirement that a new theory must always have a larger empirical content than its predecessor.”
BackgroundPost‐positivistic critical multiplism: a beginning dialogue
Letourneau, N. L., & Allen, M. N. (1999) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01133.x · Cited by 67
Conceptual Change in Science and in the Learning of Science
Duschl, R. A., & Hamilton, R. J. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4940-2_61 · Cited by 67
Osborne, J. F., Rafanelli, S., & Kind, V. (2018) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.21460 · Cited by 79
Creative destruction in science
Tierney, W., Hardy, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., Dreber, A., Johannesson, M., Pfeiffer, T., et al. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002 · Cited by 67
A Twentieth-Century Phlogiston: Constructing Error and Differentiating Domains
Allchin, D. (1997) · Perspectives on Science · doi:10.1162/posc_a_00519 · Cited by 67
Experimental Psychopathology in Psychological Science
Zvolensky, M. J., Lejuez, C. W., Stuart, G. L., & Curtin, J. J. (2001) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.371 · Cited by 67
Metadata
- Authors
- Lakatos, I.
- Venue
- Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press
- Published
- 1970-09-02
- Pages
- 91-196
- OpenAlex
- W256019955
- Cited by
- 4,649
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 106 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 152 · 2018: 116 · 2017: 195 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 114 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 84.37
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cambridge University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Logic and Philosophy of Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Social Sciences › Education › Academic integrity and plagiarism
- Keywords
- falsification, scientific research programs, methodology of science, Karl Popper, philosophy of science
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