Dietary glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Open accessAbstract
Epidemiological studies of dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) in relation to diabetes risk have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to examine the associations between dietary GI and GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Relevant studies were identified by a PubMed database search up to February 2011. Reference lists from retrieved articles were also reviewed. We included prospective cohort studies that reported risk estimates with 95 % CI for the associations between dietary GI and GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Either a fixed- or random-effects model was used to compute the summary relative risk (RR). We identified thirteen prospective cohort studies of dietary GI or GL related to diabetes risk. The summary RR of type 2 diabetes for the highest category of the GI compared with the lowest was 1·16 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·26; n 12), with moderate evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0·02, I(2) = 50·8 %). For the GL, the summary RR was 1·20 (95 % CI 1·11, 1·30; n 12), with little evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0·10, I(2) = 34·8 %). No evidence of publication bias was observed. In addition, the associations persisted and remained statistically significant in the sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis provides further evidence in support of significantly positive associations between dietary GI and GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Reducing the intake of high-GI foods may bring benefits in diabetes prevention.
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The findings of this study are broadly comparable with other reviews and meta-analyses on the association between dietary fibre and whole grains and one or more disease outcomes.
“Our findings are broadly comparable with other reviews and meta analyses that have reported on the association between dietary fibre and whole grains and one or more disease outcomes.[25][26][27][28]”
From Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Dong, J.-Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y.-H., & Qin, L.-Q.
- Affiliations
- Soochow University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Qin, Li-Qiang
- Venue
- British Journal Of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-09-29
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1649-1654
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2012228253
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771808)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes risk, diabetes prevention, prospective cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Glycemic Index
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