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Cited by 134Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending

A common genetic factor explains the covariation among ADHD ODD and CD symptoms in 9–10 year old boys and girls

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Tuvblad, Catherine, Zheng, Mo, Raine, Adrian, Baker, Laura A.·2009·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
DOI 10.1007/s10802-008-9278-9PMC PMC2634815
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Abstract

Previous studies examining the covariation among Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) have yielded inconsistent results. Some studies have concluded that the covariation among these symptoms is due to common genetic influences, whereas others have found a common environmental overlap. The present study investigated the genetic and environmental correlations among these three childhood disorders, based on a sample of 1,219 twins, age 9-10 years. A latent externalizing behavior factor was found to explain the covariance among ADHD, ODD and CD symptoms. Genetic influences explained more than half of the variance in this externalizing factor in both boys and girls. There were also unique genetic and environmental influences in each set of symptoms, suggesting some etiological independence of the three disorders. Our findings have implications for molecular genetic studies trying to identify susceptibility genes for these disorders.

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  • There are no significant data on shared environmental effects for the covariation between ADHD, ODD, and CD.

    “with no signi fi cant data on shared environmental e ff ects”

    From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2009

    The Results (Bivariate Model Fitting Results) report a significant shared-environmental correlation between ODD and CD symptoms (rc=.81, p<.05). The Discussion also says shared environmental influences contributed modestly to covariation among the symptoms. Thus the paper does not support a categorical claim of no significant shared-environmental effects. (LLM, conf=0.91)

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  • Most studies hold that the majority of the variance of ADHD, CD, and ODD is explained by unique and non-shared genetic and environmental effects.

    “Most studies hold that the majority of the variance of ADHD, CD and ODD is explained by unique and non-shared genetic and environmental e ff ects”

    From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2009

    The Results (Multivariate Model Fitting Results; page not available) report that symptom-specific genetic effects plus non-shared environmental effects account for a majority of the variance in ADHD and CD symptoms, but not ODD symptoms. They also report that the symptom-specific genetic effect for ODD was non-significant. The Discussion describes common genetic influences and shared environmental influences for ODD, so the paper does not support the claim as stated for all three conditions or establish that most studies hold it. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Non-shared environment effects account for 19% of the covariation between ADHD, ODD, and CD.

    “to a lesser extent (19%), to non-shared environment e ff ects”

    From ADHD, CD, and ODD: Systematic review of genetic and environmental risk factors (2018) · cites this paper as Tuvblad et al., 2009

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3 of the 72 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Angold A Costello JE Erkanli A 1999 Comorbidity Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 57 87 10102726

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Authors
Tuvblad, C., Zheng, M., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Southern California (US)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Tuvblad, Catherine
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008-11-18
Volume
37
Issue
2
Pages
153-167
ISSN
  • 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2835
DOI
10.1007/s10802-008-9278-9
PMC
PMC2634815
OpenAlex
W2072843404
Cited by
134
References
72
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
FWCI
4.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH58354, K02MH001114, K02 MH01114-08, R01MH058354)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, genetic factors, environmental influences, externalizing problems, twin studies, children with behavioral disorders, susceptibility genes, sex differences
MeSH terms
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, DNA, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Environment, Twins, Microsatellite Repeats, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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