Sensitivity and specificity of neuropsychological tests for mild cognitive impairment, vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Background. Early diagnosis of dementia is important for those who might benefit from treatment. We designed a brief comprehensive neuropsychological test battery to help differentiate control subjects from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Method. The battery included tests of memory, attention, executive function, speed, perception and visuospatial skills. It was administered to subjects from the OPTIMA cohort: 51 controls, 29 with MCI, 60 with ‘possible’ or ‘probable’ Alzheimer's disease (AD) (NINCDS/ADRDA) and 12 with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare performance of controls with other diagnostic groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analyses. The effects of age, gender and years of education on test performance were determined with Spearman's rank correlations. Results. The AD group performed worse than controls on all tests except an attention task. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and The Placing Test for episodic memory showed significant discriminative capacity between controls and other groups. Attention and processing speed tests discriminated CVD from controls. Category fluency, episodic memory tests and the CLOX test for executive function distinguished MCI from AD. Spearman's correlations showed negative associations between age and processing speed. Years of education affected performance on all tests, except The Placing Test. Conclusions. Certain neuropsychological tests have been shown to be sensitive and specific in the differential diagnosis of various types of dementia and may prove to be useful for detection of MCI.
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Story recall may be less sensitive to MCI or an evolving dementia than tests of verbal list learning or visual memory.
“Second, story recall may be less sensitive to MCI or an evolving dementia than tests of verbal list learning [11–16] or perhaps visual memory [17].”
From Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment Improves Diagnostic Precision, Biomarker Associations, and Progression Rates (2014) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Authors
- DE JAGER, C. A., HOGERVORST, E., COMBRINCK, M., & BUDGE, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2003-07-31
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1039-1050
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2053879278
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, dementia diagnosis, neuropsychological test battery, sensitivity and specificity, differential diagnosis, episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, attention, cerebrovascular disease, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, semantic fluency, age and education effects
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Demography, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Dementia, Vascular, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
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