Parsing components of auditory predictive coding in schizophrenia using a roving standard mismatch negativity paradigm
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BACKGROUND: Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential (ERP) component reflecting auditory predictive coding. Repeated standard tones evoke increasing positivity ('repetition positivity'; RP), reflecting strengthening of the standard's memory trace and the prediction it will recur. Likewise, deviant tones preceded by more standard repetitions evoke greater negativity ('deviant negativity'; DN), reflecting stronger prediction error signaling. These memory trace effects are also evident in MMN difference wave. Here, we assess group differences and test-retest reliability of these indices in schizophrenia patients (SZ) and healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Electroencephalography was recorded twice, 2 weeks apart, from 43 SZ and 30 HC, during a roving standard paradigm. We examined ERPs to the third, eighth, and 33rd standards (RP), immediately subsequent deviants (DN), and the corresponding MMN. Memory trace effects were assessed by comparing amplitudes associated with the three standard repetition trains. RESULTS: Compared with controls, SZ showed reduced MMNs and DNs, but normal RPs. Both groups showed memory trace effects for RP, MMN, and DN, with a trend for attenuated DNs in SZ. Intraclass correlations obtained via this paradigm indicated good-to-moderate reliabilities for overall MMN, DN and RP, but moderate to poor reliabilities for components associated with short, intermediate, and long standard trains, and poor reliability of their memory trace effects. CONCLUSION: MMN deficits in SZ reflected attenuated prediction error signaling (DN), with relatively intact predictive code formation (RP) and memory trace effects. This roving standard MMN paradigm requires additional development/validation to obtain suitable levels of reliability for use in clinical trials.
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Relatively intact repetition effects were found in all schizophrenia patients.
“However, they also found relatively intact repetition effects in all schizophrenia patients (26).”
From A Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
The Results report repetition-related RP effects in the schizophrenia group that did not differ significantly from controls, and the Discussion says those effects were equally evident in both groups. These are group-level findings, not evidence that every patient had intact effects. The paper also reports a trend toward attenuated DN repetition effects in schizophrenia, so the claim is too broad if it refers to repetition effects generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSeveral studies have developed new paradigms to investigate whether reduced MMN amplitudes reflect altered predictive coding in schizophrenia.
“Furthermore, several studies have developed new paradigms to investigate whether reduced MMN amplitudes reflect altered predictive coding in schizophrenia (25–27).”
From A Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- McCleery, A., Mathalon, D. H., Wynn, J. K., Roach, B. J., Hellemann, G. S., Marder, S. R., & Green, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- McCleery, Amanda
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2019-01-15
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 07
- Pages
- 1195-1206
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- PMC
- PMC6499668
- OpenAlex
- W2908547723
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 3.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH096682, K23MH108829)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, mismatch negativity, memory traces, prediction error, test-retest reliability, auditory event-related potentials
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mental Recall, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Young Adult
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