Mismatch negativity indexes illness-specific impairments of cortical plasticity in schizophrenia: a comparison with bipolar disorder and Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive impairment is an important predictor of functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia, yet its neurobiology is still incompletely understood. Neuropathological evidence of impaired synaptic connectivity and NMDA receptor-dependent transmission in superior temporal cortex motivated us to explore the correlation of in vivo mismatch negativity (MMN) with cognitive status in patients with schizophrenia. MMN elicited in a roving stimulus paradigm displayed a response proportional to the number of stimulus repetitions (memory trace effect). Preliminary evidence in patients with chronic schizophrenia suggests that attenuation of this MMN memory trace effect was correlated with the degree of neuropsychological memory dysfunction. Here we present data from a larger confirmatory study in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, probable Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. We observed that the diminution of the MMN memory trace effect and its correlation with memory impairment was only found in the schizophrenia group. Recent pharmacological studies using the roving paradigm suggest that attenuation of the MMN trace effect can be understood as abnormal modulation of NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity. We suggest that the convergence of the previously identified synaptic pathology in supragranular cortical layers with the intracortical locus of MMN generation accounts for the remarkable robustness of MMN impairments in schizophrenia. We further speculate that this layer-specific synaptic pathology identified in supragranular neurons plays a pivotal computational role, by weakening the encoding and propagation of prediction errors to higher cortical modules. According to predictive coding theory such breakdown will have grave implications not only for perception, but also for higher-order cognition and may thus account for the MMN-cognition correlations observed here. Finally, MMN is a sensitive and specific biomarker for detecting the early prodromal phase of schizophrenia and is well suited for the exploration of novel cognition-enhancing agents in humans.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Non-social predictive coding appeared preserved in individuals with bipolar disorder.
“In contrast, non-social predictive coding appeared preserved in individuals with BD (Baldeweg and Hirsch, 2015).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Baldeweg and Hirsch, 2015
Subjects with Alzheimer's disease exhibited similar results to healthy controls in the predictive task.
“sub jects with Alzheimer ' s disease exhibited similar results to HC in the predictive task (Baldeweg and Hirsch, 2015)”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Baldeweg and Hirsch, 2015
Impairments in repetition effects were observed in patients with schizophrenia, but not with bipolar disorder or Alzheimer's disease.
“They also reported that impairments in repetition effects were observed in patients with schizophrenia, but not with bipolar disorder or Alzheimer’s disease (30).”
From A Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378 · see citing works
A theory of cortical responses.
Friston, K. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1622 · Cited by 4,578 · see citing works
What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?
(1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.3.321 · Cited by 3,516 · see citing works
Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia
(1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.10.1301 · Cited by 2,904 · see citing works
Canonical Microcircuits for Predictive Coding
Bastos, A. M., Usrey, W. M., Adams, R. A., Mangun, G. R., Fries, P., & Friston, K. J. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.10.038 · Cited by 2,421 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In a more recent formulation (Bastos et al., 2012) these cells (jointly with local interneurons) encode and propagate prediction error forwards to higher cortical levels.”
BackgroundStaging of alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1995) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)00021-6 · Cited by 2,357 · see citing works
Nelson, P. T., Alafuzoff, I., Bigio, E. H., Bouras, C., Braak, H., Cairns, N. J., Castellani, R. J., Crain, B. J., Davies, P., Tredici, K. D., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e31825018f7 · Cited by 2,050 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This is in stark contrast to AD patients, who showed preservedMMN despite exhibiting more severe memory impairments, presumably caused by themedial temporal emphasis of Alzheimer's disease pathology (Braak and Braak, 1995; Nelson et al., 2012).”
ResultSchizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: on the matter of their convergence
Harrison, P. J., & Weinberger, D. R. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001558 · Cited by 2,020 · see citing works
NEURONAL CIRCUITS OF THE NEOCORTEX
Douglas, R. J., & Martin, K. A. C. (2004) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144152 · Cited by 1,886 · see citing works
The neuropathology of schizophrenia
Harrison, P. J. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.4.593 · Cited by 1,677 · see citing works
Decreased Dendritic Spine Density on Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Schizophrenia
Glantz, L. A., & Lewis, D. A. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.1.65 · Cited by 1,636 · see citing works
The mismatch negativity: a review of underlying mechanisms
Garrido, M. I., Kilner, J. M., Stephan, K. E., & Friston, K. J. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2008.11.029 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Function in Schizophrenia
Saykin, A. J. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810310036007 · Cited by 1,160 · see citing works
Dysconnection in schizophrenia: from abnormal synaptic plasticity to failures of self-monitoring
Stephan, K. E., Friston, K. J., & Frith, C. D. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn176 · Cited by 1,134 · see citing works
On the computational architecture of the neocortex: II The role of cortico-cortical loops
Mumford, D. (1992) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00198477 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test
la Cour, P., & GALLAGHER, K. (1990) · Nordisk Psykologi · doi:10.1080/00291463.1990.10636996 · Cited by 992 · see citing works
On the computational architecture of the neocortex: I. The role of the thalamo-cortical loop
Mumford, D. (1991) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/bf00202389 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
The Computational Anatomy of Psychosis
Adams, R. A., Stephan, K. E., Brown, H. R., Frith, C. D., & Friston, K. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00047 · Cited by 850 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2009) to account for hallucinations (Friston, 2005b) as well as delusions through impaired specification of prior expectations and aberrant signalling of their violations (Corlett et al., 2007, 2011; Adams et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSynaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia
Stephan, K. E., Baldeweg, T., & Friston, K. J. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.005 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Self-citationMismatch negativity in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Umbricht, D., & Krljes, S. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.12.002 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Learning and inference in the brain
Friston, K. (2003) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2003.06.005 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Reduced dendritic spine density on cerebral cortical pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia
Garey, L. J., Ong, W., Patel, T. S., Kanani, M., Davis, A., Mortimer, A. M., Barnes, T., & Hirsch, S. R. (1998) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.65.4.446 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Self-citationJavitt, D. C., Steinschneider, M., Schroeder, C. E., & Arezzo, J. C. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11962 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MANUAL ASYMMETRY
Annett, M. (1972) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1972.tb01282.x · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Ketamine-Induced Deficits in Auditory and Visual Context-Dependent Processing in Healthy Volunteers
Umbricht, D., Schmid, L., Koller, R., Vollenweider, F. X., Hell, D., & Javitt, D. C. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.12.1139 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
The functional anatomy of the MMN: a DCM study of the roving paradigm
Garrido, M. I., Friston, K. J., Kiebel, S. J., Stephan, K. E., Baldeweg, T., & Kilner, J. M. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.018 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationNäätänen, R., Kujala, T., Escera, C., Baldeweg, T., Kreegipuu, K., Carlson, S., & Ponton, C. W. (2011) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.020 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Self-citationMultilingual Aphasia Examination
Patterson, J. P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_900-3 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Mismatch negativity: An index of a preattentive processing deficit in schizophrenia
Shelley, A. M., Ward, P. B., Catts, S. V., Michie, P. T., Andrews, S., & McConaghy, N. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90126-7 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Mismatch Negativity Deficits Are Associated With Poor Functioning in Schizophrenia Patients
Light, G. A., & Braff, D. L. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.2.127 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Salisbury, D. F., Kuroki, N., Kasai, K., Shenton, M. E., & McCarley, R. W. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.521 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Brain potential evidence for an auditory sensory memory deficit in schizophrenia
Catts, S. V., Shelley, A. M., Ward, P. B., Liebert, B. J., McConaghy, N., Andrews, S., & Michie, P. T. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.2.213 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Memory prerequisites of mismatch negativity in the auditory event-related potential (ERP).
Cowan, N., Winkler, I., Teder, W. A., & Näätänen, R. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.19.4.909 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Winkler, I., Karmos, G., & Näätänen, R. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01008-6 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Javitt, D. C., Zukin, S. R., Heresco-Levy, U., & Umbricht, D. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs069 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Mismatch negativity potentials and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
Baldeweg, T., Klugman, A., Gruzelier, J., & Hirsch, S. R. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.09.009 · Cited by 321 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The data from a first pilot study (Baldeweg et al., 2004) supported this hypothesis, showing a diminution of theMMNmemory trace effect (expressed as the relative increase or slope of MMN amplitude with number of standards) in proportion to the impairment in working memory, assessed neuropsychologically using digit spa…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMemory impairment in schizophrenia: its extent, affiliations and neuropsychological character
Tamlyn, D., McKenna, P. J., Mortimer, A. M., Lund, C. E., Hammond, S., & Baddeley, A. (1992) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700032773 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates of Human Auditory Sensory Memory-Trace Formation
Haenschel, C., Vernon, D. J., Dwivedi, P., Gruzelier, J. H., & Baldeweg, T. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1227-05.2005 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction of Psychosis by Mismatch Negativity
Bodatsch, M., Ruhrmann, S., Wagner, M., Müller, R., Schultze‐Lutter, F., Frommann, I., Brinkmeyer, J., Gäebel, W., Maier, W., Klosterkötter, J., et al. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.057 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Amnesic syndrome in schizophrenia
McKenna, P. J., Tamlyn, D., Lund, C. E., Mortimer, A. M., Hammond, S., & Baddeley, A. (1990) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700036667 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Umbricht, D., Koller, R., Vollenweider, F. X., & Schmid, L. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01242-2 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Owens, D. G. C., & Johnstone, E. C. (1980) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.136.4.384 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
How specific are deficits in mismatch negativity generation to schizophrenia?
Umbricht, D., Koller, R., Schmid, L., Skrabo, A., Grübel, C., Huber, T., & Stassen, H. H. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01642-6 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Näätänen, R., Kujala, T., Kreegipuu, K., Carlson, S., Escera, C., Baldeweg, T., & Ponton, C. W. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr064 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-citationKolluri, N., Sun, Z., Sampson, A. R., & Lewis, D. A. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1200 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Javitt, D. C., Grochowski, S., Shelley, A.-M., & Ritter, W. (1998) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/s0168-5597(97)00073-7 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Glutamatergic model psychoses: prediction error, learning, and inference
Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., Krystal, J. H., & Fletcher, P. C. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.163 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
From prediction error to psychosis: Ketamine as a pharmacological model of delusions
Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., & Fletcher, P. C. (2007) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107077716 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Repetition effects to sounds: evidence for predictive coding in the auditory system
Baldeweg, T. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.010 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationGlycine transporters as novel therapeutic targets in schizophrenia, alcohol dependence and pain
Harvey, R. J., & Yee, B. K. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd3893 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Hallucinations and perceptual inference
Friston, K. J. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05290131 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Mismatch Negativity, Social Cognition, and Functioning in Schizophrenia Patients
Wynn, J. K., Sugar, C. A., Horan, W. P., Kern, R. S., & Green, M. F. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.024 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Purohit, D. P., Perl, D. P., Haroutunian, V., Powchik, P., Davidson, M., & Davis, K. L. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.3.205 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Frequency Change Detection in Human Auditory Cortex
May, P., Tiitinen, H., Ilmoniemi, R. J., Nyman, G., Taylor, J. G., & Näätänen, R. (1999) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1023/a:1008896417606 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Cortical circuits for perceptual inference
Friston, K. J., & Kiebel, S. J. (2009) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2009.07.023 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Impaired MMN/P3a complex in first-episode psychosis: cognitive and psychosocial associations
Hermens, D. F., Ward, P. B., Hodge, M. A. R., Kaur, M., Naismith, S. L., & Hickie, I. B. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.03.019 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Javitt, D. C., Strous, R. D., Grochowski, S., Ritter, W., & al, E. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.315 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a systematic review
Vöhringer, P. A., Barroilhet, S. A., Amerio, A., Reale, M. L., Alvear, K., Vergne, D., & Ghaemi, S. N. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00087 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Gray Matter Deficits, Mismatch Negativity, and Outcomes in Schizophrenia
Rasser, P. E., Schall, U., Todd, J., Michie, P. T., Ward, P. B., Johnston, P., Helmbold, K., Case, V., Soyland, A., Tooney, P. A., et al. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp060 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Deviance-elicited Changes in Event-related Potentials are Attenuated by Ketamine in Mice
Ehrlichman, R. S., Maxwell, C. R., Majumdar, S., & Siegel, S. J. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20097 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
When cortical development goes wrong: schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disease of microcircuits
Garey, L. J. (2010) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01231.x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Mismatch negativity generation in the human 5HT2A agonist and NMDA antagonist model of psychosis
Heekeren, K., Daumann, J., Neukirch, A., Stock, C., Kawohl, W., Norra, C., Waberski, T. D., & Gouzoulis‐Mayfrank, E. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1129-4 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Subtype Progression and Pathophysiologic Deterioration in Early Schizophrenia
McGlashan, T. H., & Fenton, W. S. (1993) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/19.1.71 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Costa‐Faidella, J., Baldeweg, T., Grimm, S., & Escera, C. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2599-11.2011 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationCOMT Val108/158Met Modifies Mismatch Negativity and Cognitive Function in 22q11 Deletion Syndrome
Baker, K., Baldeweg, T., Sivagnanasundaram, S., Scambler, P. J., & Skuse, D. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.020 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationPreferential involvement of excitatory neurons in medial temporal lobe in schizophrenia
Harrison, P. J., & Eastwood, S. L. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)03341-8 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Effect of ketamine on the neuromagnetic mismatch field in healthy humans
Kreitschmann‐Andermahr, I., Rosburg, T., Demme, U., Gaser, E., Nowak, H., & Sauer, H. (2001) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(01)00043-x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Michael Kiang, A., Light, G. A., Prugh, J., Seana Coulson, A., BRAFF, D. L., & Marta Kutas, A. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617707070816 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Auditory Association Cortex Lesions Impair Auditory Short-Term Memory in Monkeys
Colombo, M., D'Amato, M. R., Rodman, H. R., et al. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2296723 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Javitt, D. C., Strous, R. D., Grochowski, S., et al. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.2.315 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Auditory sensory memory impairment in Alzheimerʼs disease
Pekkonen, E., Jousmäki, V., Könönen, M., Reinikainen, K., & Partanen, J. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199412000-00033 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Evaluation of multi-attribute auditory discrimination in dyslexia with the mismatch negativity
Kujala, T., Lovio, R., Lepistö, T., et al. (2006) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.01.002 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Profile of auditory information-processing deficits in schizophrenia
Turetsky, B. I., Bilker, W. B., Siegel, S. J., Kohler, C. G., & Gur, R. E. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.04.013 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Chitty, K. M., Lagopoulos, J., Lee, R. S. C., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.07.007 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Impairment in frontal but not temporal components of mismatch negativity in schizophrenia
Baldeweg, T., Klugman, A., Gruzelier, J. H., & Hirsch, S. R. (2002) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00183-0 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationNicotinic modulation of human auditory sensory memory: Evidence from mismatch negativity potentials
Baldeweg, T., WONG, D., & Stephan, K. E. (2005) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.07.014 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationTodd, J., Michie, P. T., Schall, U., Ward, P. B., & Catts, S. V. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.10.003 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Mismatch negativity encoding of prediction errors predicts S-ketamine-induced cognitive impairments
Schmidt, A., Bachmann, R., Kometer, M., Csomor, P. A., Stephan, K. E., Seifritz, E., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.261 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The relationship between preattentive sensory processing deficits and age in schizophrenia patients
Michael Kiang, A., BRAFF, D. L., Sprock, J., & Light, G. A. (2009) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2009.08.019 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
ERP Repetition Effects and Mismatch Negativity Generation
Baldeweg, T. (2007) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.21.34.204 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationKaur, M., Battisti, R. A., Ward, P. B., Ahmed, A., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.025 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Higuchi, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Seo, T., Miyanishi, T., Kawasaki, Y., & Suzuki, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054080 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Modeling ketamine effects on synaptic plasticity during the mismatch negativity
Schmidt, A., Diaconescu, A. O., Kometer, M., Friston, K. J., Stephan, K. E., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs238 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A Pivotal Role for Glutamate in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia, and Its Cognitive Dysfunction
Hirsch, S. R., Das, I., Garey, L. J., & de Belleroche, J. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00428-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationSubstantial Shared Genetic Influences on Schizophrenia and Event-Related Potentials
Hall, M., Rijsdijk, F. V., Picchioni, M., Schulze, K., Ettinger, U., Toulopoulou, T., Bramon, E., Murray, R. M., & Sham, P. C. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.5.804 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
NMDA receptor mRNA correlation with antemortem cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
Humphries, C., Mortimer, A. M., Hirsch, S. R., & de Belleroche, J. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199608120-00040 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationTodd, J., Michie, P. T., & Jablensky, A. V. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00246-3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Andersson, S., Barder, H. E., Hellvin, T., Lövdahl, H., & Malt, U. F. (2008) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2008.00638.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Genetic overlap between bipolar illness and event-related potentials
Hall, M., Rijsdijk, F. V., Kalidindi, S., SCHULZE, K., Kravariti, E., Kane, F., Sham, P. C., Bramon, E., & Murray, R. M. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170600972x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Impairment in activation of a frontal attention-switch mechanism in schizophrenic patients
Sato, Y., Yabe, H., Todd, J., Michie, P. T., Shinozaki, N., Sutoh, T., Hiruma, T., Nashida, T., Matsuoka, T., & Kaneko, S. (2002) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00113-8 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Jahshan, C. S., Wynn, J. K., Mathis, K. I., Altshuler, L. L., Glahn, D. C., & Green, M. F. (2012) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01008.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tone duration mismatch negativity deficits predict impairment of executive function in schizophrenia
Toyomaki, A., Kusumi, I., Matsuyama, T., Kako, Y., Ito, K., & Koyama, T. (2007) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.020 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Phenomenology of First-Episode Psychosis in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Unipolar Depression
Rosen, C., Marvin, R. W., Reilly, J. L., León, O. A. D., Harris, M. S. H., Keedy, S., Solari, H., Weiden, P. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2012) · Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses · doi:10.3371/csrp.6.3.6 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Phonetic mismatch negativity predicts verbal memory deficits in schizophrenia
Kawakubo, Y., Kasai, K., Kudo, N., Rogers, M. A., Nakagome, K., Itoh, K., & Kato, N. (2006) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000221828.10846.ba · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Support for an association between mismatch negativity and social functioning in schizophrenia
Kawakubo, Y., & Kasai, K. (2006) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.03.003 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Preattentive dysfunction in bipolar disorder: A MEG study using auditory mismatch negativity
Takei, Y., Kumano, S., Maki, Y., Hattori, S., Kawakubo, Y., Kasai, K., Fukuda, M., & Mikuni, M. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.014 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Mismatch negativity during attend and ignore conditions in Alzheimer's disease
Kazmerski, V. A., Friedman, D., & Ritter, W. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00344-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Neurophysiological biomarkers support bipolar-spectrum disorders within psychosis cluster
Kaur, M., Battisti, R. A., Lagopoulos, J., Ward, P. B., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.110081 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Goldberg, D. P., Andrews, G., & Hobbs, M. J. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709990304 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Kaur, M., Lagopoulos, J., Lee, R. S. C., Ward, P. B., Naismith, S. L., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Şevik, A. E., Yağcioğlu, A. E. A., Yağcıoğlu, S., Karahan, S., Gürses, N., & Yıldız, M. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.04.018 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Motivation and Intelligence Drive Auditory Perceptual Learning
Amitay, S., Halliday, L. F., Taylor, J., Sohoglu, E., & Moore, D. R. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009816 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Miyanishi, T., Sumiyoshi, T., Higuchi, Y., Seo, T., & Suzuki, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061152 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Korostenskaja, M., & Kähkönen, S. (2009) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161209788957474 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Event-related potentials reveal modelling of auditory repetition in the brain
Cooper, R. J., Atkinson, R. J., Clark, R. A., & Michie, P. T. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.02.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Michalopoulou, P. G., Lewis, S. W., Wykes, T., Jaeger, J., & Kapur, S. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.03.012 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Changes in sensitivity to stimulus deviance in Alzheimerʼs disease
Gaeta, H., Friedman, D., Ritter, W., & Cheng, J. C. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199902050-00014 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia
Liberman, R. P. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.3.443b · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Episodic memory, semantic memory, and amnesia
Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1998) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1998)8:3
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sensory prediction errors in the continuum of psychosis
Randeniya, R., Oestreich, L. K. L., & Garrido, M. I. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.019 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ranlund, S., Adams, R. A., Díez, Á., Constante, M., Dutt, A., Hall, M., Maestro Carbayo, A., McDonald, C., Petrella, S., Schulze, K., et al. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23035 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Papadaniil, C. D., Kosmidou, V. E., Tsolaki, A., Tsolaki, M., Kompatsiaris, I. (., & Hadjileontiadis, L. J. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.043 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Tsolaki, A. C., Kosmidou, V., Kompatsiaris, I. (., Papadaniil, C., Hadjileontiadis, L., Adam, A., & Tsolaki, M. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.025 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Rosch, R. E., Auksztulewicz, R., Leung, P. D., Friston, K. J., & Baldeweg, T. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.07.003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationA Predictive Coding Perspective on Mismatch Negativity Impairment in Schizophrenia
Kirihara, K., Tada, M., Koshiyama, D., Fujioka, M., Usui, K., Araki, T., & Kasai, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00660 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Role of N-Methyl D-aspartate receptors in action-based predictive coding deficits in schizophrenia
Kort, N. S., Ford, J. M., Roach, B. J., Gunduz-Bruce, H., Krystal, J. H., Jaeger, J., Reinhart, R. M. G., & Mathalon, D. H. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.019 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Rudolph, E. D., Ells, E. M. L., Campbell, D. J., Abriel, S. C., Tibbo, P. G., Salisbury, D. F., & Fisher, D. J. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.028 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Erickson, M. A., Albrecht, M., Ruffle, A., Fleming, L., Corlett, P., & Gold, J. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.scog.2017.05.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
McCleery, A., Mathalon, D. H., Wynn, J. K., Roach, B. J., Hellemann, G. S., Marder, S. R., & Green, M. F. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718004087 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dzafic, I., Larsen, K. M., Darke, H., Pertile, H., Carter, O., Sundram, S., & Garrido, M. I. (2021) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa188 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hallucinations, neuroplasticity, and prediction errors in schizophrenia
McCleery, A., Wynn, J. K., & Green, M. F. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12413 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.
Qela, B., Damiani, S., De Santis, S., Groppi, F., Pichiecchio, A., Asteggiano, C., Brondino, N., Monteleone, A. M., Grassi, L., Politi, P., et al. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106020 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“As for neurocognitive disorders, subjects with Alzheimer ’ s disease exhibited similar results to HC in the predictive task (Baldeweg and Hirsch, 2015), whereas people with Parkinson ’ s disease showed several impairments such as slower reaction time in response to predictable stimuli (Behroozmand…”
Transcriptome-wide association study reveals two genes that influence mismatch negativity
Bhat, A., Irizar, H., Thygesen, J. H., Kuchenbaecker, K., Pain, O., Adams, R. A., Zartaloudi, E., Harju-Seppänen, J., Austin-Zimmerman, I., Wang, B., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108868 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Emotional context restores cortical prediction error responses in schizophrenia
Vogel, B. O., Stasch, J., Walter, H., & Neuhaus, A. H. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.030 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wynn, J. K., & Green, M. F. (2024) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/15500594241252897 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Baldeweg, T., & Hirsch, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Charing Cross Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Baldeweg, Torsten
- ORCID
- Baldeweg, Torsten
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 145-155
- ISSN
- 0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086387392
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 9.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- mismatch negativity, schizophrenia, cortical plasticity, memory impairment, NMDA receptor, synaptic connectivity, superior temporal cortex, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, predictive coding, prediction error, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, Bipolar Disorder, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition Disorders, Contingent Negative Variation, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Neuronal Plasticity, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
