Cited by 302Vitamin D Research StudiesNutritional Studies and DietNutrition and Health Studies

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Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans: results from the EPIC–Oxford study

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Crowe, Francesca L, Steur, Marinka, Allen, Naomi E, Appleby, Paul N, Travis, Ruth C, Key, Timothy J·2011·Public Health Nutrition

DOI 10.1017/s1368980010002454

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Vegetarians and vegans exclude certain food sources of vitamin D from their diet, but it is not clear to what extent this affects plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The objective was to investigate differences in vitamin D intake and plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans. DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: United Kingdom. SUBJECTS: Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 2107 white men and women (1388 meat eaters, 210 fish eaters, 420 vegetarians and eighty-nine vegans) aged 20-76 years from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Oxford cohort. RESULTS: Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations reflected the degree of animal product exclusion and, hence, dietary intake of vitamin D; meat eaters had the highest mean intake of vitamin D (3·1 (95 % CI 3·0, 3·2) μg/d) and mean plasma 25(OH)D concentrations (77·0 (95 % CI 75·4, 78·8) nmol/l) and vegans the lowest (0·7 (95 % CI 0·6, 0·8) μg/d and 55·8 (95 % CI 51·0, 61·0) nmol/l, respectively). The magnitude of difference in 25(OH)D concentrations between meat eaters and vegans was smaller (20 %) among those participants who had a blood sample collected during the summer months (July-September) compared with the winter months (38 %; January-March). The prevalence of low plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D (<25 nmol/l) during the winter and spring ranged from <1 % to 8 % across the diet groups. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in vegetarians and vegans than in meat and fish eaters; diet is an important determinant of plasma 25(OH)D in this British population.

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Authors: Crowe, F. L., Steur, M., Allen, N. E., Appleby, P. N., Travis, R. C., & Key, T. J.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author: Crowe, Francesca L
ORCID: Crowe, Francesca L
Steur, Marinka
Allen, Naomi E
Travis, Ruth C
Key, Timothy J
Venue: Public Health Nutrition
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2010-09-21
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: 340-346
ISSN: 1368-9800 (ISSN-L)
1475-2727
DOI: 10.1017/s1368980010002454
OpenAlex: W2150458065
Cited by: 302
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 4.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Public Health Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Cancer Research UK
Medical Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D status, vitamin D intake, meat-eaters, vegetarians, vegans, seasonal variation, vitamin D deficiency
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, England, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Meat, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Seasons, Diet, Vegetarian, Vitamin D, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Seafood, Bone Density Conservation Agents, Young Adult

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Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans: results from the EPIC–Oxford study

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