Cited by 679Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchFluorine in Organic ChemistryToxic Organic Pollutants Impact

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Worldwide Distribution of Novel Perfluoroether Carboxylic and Sulfonic Acids in Surface Water

Abstract

Driven by increasingly stringent restrictions on long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), novel fluorinated compounds have emerged on the market. Here we report on the occurrences of several perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic and sulfonic acids (PFECAs and PFESAs), including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer and trimer acids (HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA), ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3 H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA), chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), and its hydrogen-substituted analogue (6:2 H-PFESA) in surface waters from China ( n = 106), the United States ( n = 12), the United Kingdom ( n = 6), Sweden ( n = 10), Germany ( n = 14), The Netherlands ( n = 6), and Korea ( n = 6). Results showed that HFPO-DA, HFPO-TA, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA (median = 0.95, 0.21, and 0.31 ng/L, respectively) were frequently detected in all countries, indicating ubiquitous dispersal and distribution in global surface waters. The presence of 6:2 H-PFESA was widely detected in China (detection rate > 95%) but not in any other country. Only trace levels of ADONA (0.013-1.5 ng/L) were detected in the Rhine River flowing through Germany. The estimated total riverine mass discharges of HFPO-DA, HFPO-TA, and ΣPFESAs reached 2.6, 6.0, and 4.3 ton/year in five of the major river systems in China. Our results indicated that novel PFECAs and PFESAs might become global contaminants, and future investigations are warranted.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1021/acs.est.8b00829

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Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. KEMI (Swedish Chemicals Agency), 2015, Occurrence and use of highly fluorinated substances and alternatives
  2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, Phase-out plan for POSF-based products, U.S. EPA administrative record AR226-0588
  3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006, 2010/2015 PFOA stewardship program
  4. Stockholm Convention, 2009, Governments unite to step-up reduction on global DDT reliance and add nine new chemicals under international treaty
  5. Committee for Risk Assessment, 2015, Background document to the opinion on the Annex XV dossier proposing restrictions on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), PFOA salts and PFOA-related substances
  6. Stockholm Convention, 2017, Request for information on pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (CAS no. 335-67-1, PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid), its salts and PFOA-related compounds
  7. Stockholm Convention, 2017, Request for information specified in Annex E for perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (CAS no. 355-46-4, PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS -related compounds
  8. Bayerisches landesamt für umwelt, 2010, PFOA und ADONA measurements at the sample site Alz/Hohenwarth (in German)
  9. European Chemicals Agency, 2017, One new substance added to the candidate list, several entries updated

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Metadata

Authors
Pan, Y., Zhang, H., Cui, Q., Sheng, N., Yeung, L. W. Y., Sun, Y., Guo, Y., & Dai, J.
Affiliations
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
  • Örebro University (SE)
Corresponding author
Dai, Jiayin
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Published
2018-05-11
Volume
52
Issue
14
Pages
7621-7629
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
OpenAlex
W2801936321
Cited by
679
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 97 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 116 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 6
FWCI
23.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (21737004, 31320103915)
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB14040202)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Keywords
HFPO-DA, surface water contamination, global distribution, Rhine River, China
MeSH terms
China, Environmental Monitoring, Fluorocarbons, Germany, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sulfonic Acids, Sweden, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Republic of Korea

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