Natural-Killer-Cell-Inspired Nanorobots with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics for Near-Infrared-II Fluorescence-Guided Glioma Theranostics
Abstract
Nature has always inspired robotic designs and concepts. It is conceivable that biomimic nanorobots will soon play a prominent role in medicine. The "Terminator" in the science fiction film is a cybernetic organism with living tissue over a metal endoskeleton, which inspired us to develop natural-killer-cell-mimic nanorobots with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics (NK@AIEdots) by coating a natural kill cell membrane on an AIE-active polymeric endoskeleton, PBPTV, a highly bright NIR-II AIE-active conjugated polymer. Owing to the AIE and soft-matter characteristics of PBPTV, as-prepared NK@AIEdots maintained a superior NIR-II brightness (quantum yield ∼7.9% in water) and good biocompatibility. Besides, they can serve as a tight junction (TJ) modulator to trigger an intracellular signaling cascade, causing TJ disruption and actin cytoskeleton reorganization to form an intercellular "green channel" to help them to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) silently. Furthermore, they can initiatively accumulate in glioblastoma cells in the complex brain matrix for high-contrast and through-skull tumor imaging. The tumor growth was also greatly inhibited by these NK@AIEdots under the NIR light illumination. As far as we know, the quantum yield of PBPTV is the highest among the existing NIR-II luminescent conjugated polymers. Besides, the NK-cell biomimetic nanorobots showed great potential for BBB-crossing active delivery.
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With laser, AIE-active conjugated polymer can act as tight junction modulator, disrupt tight junction, and make nanorobot cross BBB easier.
“the AIE-active conjugated polymer could be a tight junction modulator, helping to disrupt the tight junction and making this nanorobot cross the BBB easier.”
From The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery (2023) · cites this paper as [208]
Receptors from NK cells on nanorobots play a major role in BBB traversing and tumor identification.
“receptors from NK cells to the surface of the nanorobots, play a major duty in BBB traversing and tumor identification.”
From The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery (2023) · cites this paper as [208]
Pdots fabricated using a mixture of PBPTV and an amphiphilic polymer DSPE-PEG2000 coated by a natural killer cell membrane exhibited absorption and fluorescence peaks at ∼700 and 960 nm, respectively.
“Pdots fabricated using a mixture of PBPTV and an amphiphilic polymer DSPE-PEG2000 coated by a natural killer cell membrane exhibited absorption and fluorescence peaks at ∼700 and 960 nm, respectively.”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [184]
The PBPTV backbone conformation enhanced interchain organization in an aggregated state, minimizing fluorescence quenching (Φfl = 8.6% in organic solvent, 0.86% after correction, to Φfl = 7.9% in water, 0.79% after correction).
“Such a backbone conformation enhanced the interchain organization in an aggregated state that minimized fluorescence quenching (Φfl = 8.6% in organic solvent, 0.86% after correction, to Φfl = 7.9% in water, 0.79% after correction), misleadingly referred to as the AIE effect.”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [184]
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“4i).(208) The mechanistic studies demonstrated that receptors from NK cells to the surface of the nanorobots, play a major duty in BBB traversing and tumor identification.”
BackgroundAggregation‐enhanced theranostics: AIE sparkles in biomedical field
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Deng, G., Peng, X., Sun, Z., Zheng, W., Yu, J., Du, L., Chen, H., Gong, P., Zhang, P., Cai, L., & Tang, B. Z.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Xiangtan University (CN)
- Guangdong Medical College (CN)
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Gong, Ping
- Zhang, Pengfei
- Cai, Lintao
- Tang, Ben Zhong
- ORCID
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-08-21
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 11452-11462
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W3081288643
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 12.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Guangdong Science and Technology Department (2019A1515110222)
- K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2018-14)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M660219)
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (JCYJ20170818113538482, JCYJ20170818154843625, JCYJ20170818162522440, JCYJ20180306174918294)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21875202, 81671758, 81901906)
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2016A030312006)
- University of New South Wales (172644KYSB20190059)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (172644KYSB20190059, Y959101001)
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (201920)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- aggregation-induced emission, NIR-II fluorescence, glioblastoma, theranostics, tight junction disruption, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, blood-brain barrier penetration, conjugated polymers, tumor imaging, photothermal therapy
- MeSH terms
- Diagnostic Imaging, Fluorescence, Glioma, Humans, Polymers, Precision Medicine
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