Biocompatible Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride: Characterization and Application to the Extraction of Rutin from Sophora japonica
Abstract
The development of novel green solvents has been one of the hottest subjects in green chemistry. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have logically and naturally emerged in the search for more biocompatible and biodegradable solvents. In this study, some basic physical properties, including viscosity, conductivity, and density, of 20 DESs prepared from choline chloride and various hydrogen-bond donors were investigated systematically. In addition, the biocompatibility of the tested DESs was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using two Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes ) and two Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis ) bacteria. A closed bottle test was used to assess the biodegradability of these DESs. The results demonstrated that these choline chloride-based DESs were excellent solvents with extremely low toxicity and favorable biodegradability. Finally, DESs were used to extract a flavonoid (rutin) from the flower buds of Sophora japonica . An extraction efficiency of 194.17 ± 2.31 mg·g –1 was achieved using choline chloride/triethylene glycol containing 20% water. The excellent properties of DESs indicate their potential as promising green solvents for the extraction of rutin with favorable prospects for wide use in the field of green technology.
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DES are low cost, low toxicity, and bioavailable, making them green and sustainable for diverse applications.
“The low cost, low toxicity, and bioavailability of DES make the solvent 'green' and sustainable for diverse applications.”
From Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Zhao, B.-Y., Xu, P., Yang, F.-X., Wu, H., Zong, M.-H., & Lou, W.-Y.
- Affiliations
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Light Industry and Food Sciences, and ‡State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zong, Min-Hua
- Lou, Wen-Yong
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-10-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2746-2755
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2213784440
- Cited by
- 617
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 15
- FWCI
- 8.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21222606, 21336002, 21376096)
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (S2013020013049)
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (2015PT002, 2015ZP009)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Keywords
- deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride, biocompatibility, biodegradability, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, closed bottle test, Sophora japonica, flavonoids, green solvents, triethylene glycol
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