Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in the Upper Mississippi River Basin

Nakayama, Shoji F.; Strynar, Mark J.; Reiner, Jessica L.; Delinsky, Amy D.; Lindstrom, Andrew B.

doi:10.1021/es100382z

Cited by 122Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchFluorine in Organic ChemistryChemical Analysis and Environmental Impact

Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in the Upper Mississippi River Basin

Nakayama, Shoji F., Strynar, Mark J., Reiner, Jessica L., Delinsky, Amy D., Lindstrom, Andrew B.·2010·Environmental Science & Technology

DOI 10.1021/es100382z

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Despite ongoing efforts to develop robust analytical methods for the determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in surface water, comparatively little has been published on method performance, and the environmental distribution of these materials remains poorly described worldwide. In this study, an existing method was improved and applied in a large-scale evaluation of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, one of the largest watersheds in the world. Samples were collected in 2008 in an effort that involved multiple sample sites and collection teams, long-range transport, and storage of up to 4 weeks before analysis. Ninety-four percent of the resulting 177 samples had quantifiable PFC concentrations, with 80% of the individual target compounds below 10 ng/L. The most abundant PFCs were perfluorobutanoic acid (C4; 77% above the limit of quantitation, LOQ), perfluorooctanoic acid (C8; 73%), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; 71%), perfluorohexanoic acid (C6; 70%), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (C7; 69%), with the remaining target compounds occurring above the LOQ in less than 50% of the samples. The highest concentrations recorded include C4 at 458 ng/L, PFOS at 245 ng/L, and C8 at 125 ng/L, suggesting various point source inputs within the Basin.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/es100382z

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In the 2008 Upper Mississippi River Basin study, about 80% of PFAS occurred below 10 ng L−1, while maximum PFOA and PFOS were 125 and 245 ng L−1, respectively, suggesting other point sources contributed to pollution.
“A comprehensive study conducted during 2008 investigated the PFAS contamination in the Upper Mississippi River Basin and found that the majority of PFAS (around 80%) occurred at levels below 10 ng L−1; however, the maximum measured concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were 125 ng L−1 and 245 ng L−1, respectively, suggesting that other point sources were contributing to pollution in the river basin (Nak”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Nakayama et al., 2010

Perfluoroalkyl Acids: A Review of Monitoring and Toxicological Findings
Lau, C., Anitole, K., Hodes, C., Lai, D., Pfahles-Hutchens, A., & Seed, J. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm128 · Cited by 2,620 · see citing works
Biological Monitoring of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Review
Houde, M., Martin, J. W., Letcher, R. J., Solomon, K. R., & Muir, D. C. G. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es052580b · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Perfluorinated compounds – Exposure assessment for the general population in western countries
Fromme, H., Tittlemier, S. A., Völkel, W., Wilhelm, M., & Twardella, D. (2008) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.007 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Perfluorinated Surfactants in Surface and Drinking Waters (9 pp)
Exner, M., & Färber, H. (2006) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International · doi:10.1065/espr2006.07.326 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Occurrence and persistence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and other perfluorinated surfactants in groundwater at a fire-training area at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, USAElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Map of location of Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Oscoda, MI and surrounding states. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/em/b2/b212497a/
Moody, C. A., Hebert, G. N., Strauss, S. H., & Field, J. A. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Monitoring · doi:10.1039/b212497a · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and perfluorocarboxylates in two wastewater treatment facilities in Kentucky and Georgia
Loganathan, B. G., Sajwan, K. S., Sinclair, E., Senthil Kumar, K., & Kannan, K. (2007) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.045 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Community Exposure to Perfluorooctanoate: Relationships Between Serum Concentrations and Exposure Sources
Emmett, E. A., Shofer, F. S., Zhang, H., Freeman, D. W., Desai, C. S., & Shaw, L. M. J. (2006) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000232486.07658.74 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in sewage treatment plants
Yu, J., Hu, J., Tanaka, S., & Fujii, S. (2009) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.009 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
New POPs in the water environment: distribution, bioaccumulation and treatment of perfluorinated compounds – a review paper
Fujii, S., Polprasert, C., Tanaka, S., Lien, N. P. H., & Qiu, Y. (2007) · AQUA - Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society · doi:10.2166/aqua.2007.005 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Concentrations in Surface Water in Japan
Saito, N., Harada, K. H., Inoue, K., Sasaki, K., Yoshinaga, T., & Koizumi, A. (2004) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.46.49 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Decline in Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Other Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals in American Red Cross Adult Blood Donors, 2000−2006
Olsen, G. W., Mair, D. C., Church, T. R., Ellefson, M. E., Reagen, W. K., Boyd, T. M., Herron, R. M., Medhdizadehkashi, Z., Nobiletti, J. B., Rios, J. A., et al. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es800071x · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Evaluation of wastewater and street runoff as sources of perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs)
Murakami, M., Shinohara, H., & Takada, H. (2009) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.018 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in raw and treated tap water from Osaka, Japan
Takagi, S., Adachi, F., Miyano, K., Koizumi, Y., Tanaka, H., Mimura, M., Watanabe, I., Tanabe, S., & Kannan, K. (2008) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.05.034 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Perfluorinated Compounds in the Cape Fear Drainage Basin in North Carolina
Nakayama, S., Strynar, M. J., Helfant, L., Egeghy, P., Ye, X., & Lindstrom, A. B. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es070792y · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citation
Special applications of fluorinated organic compounds
Lewandowski, G., Meissner, E., & Milchert, E. (2006) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.04.017 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Significant improvements in the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in water and fish: results from an interlaboratory method evaluation study
van Leeuwen, S. P. J., Swart, C. P., van der Veen, I., & de Boer, J. (2009) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.029 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
One-year follow-up of perfluorinated compounds in plasma of German residents from Arnsberg formerly exposed to PFOA-contaminated drinking water
Hölzer, J., Göen, T., Rauchfuss, K., Kraft, M., Angerer, J., Kleeschulte, P., & Wilhelm, M. (2009) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.04.003 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Polyfluorinated Compounds: Past, Present, and Future
Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., & Libelo, E. L. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2011622 · Cited by 1,628 · see citing works
Self-citation
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution
Kurwadkar, S., Dane, J., Kanel, S. R., Nadagouda, M. N., Cawdrey, R. W., Ambade, B., Struckhoff, G. C., & Wilkin, R. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151003 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
Destruction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with advanced reduction processes (ARPs): A critical review
Cui, J., Gao, P., & Deng, Y. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05565 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an emerging drinking water contaminant: A critical review of recent literature
Post, G. B., Cohn, P. D., & Cooper, K. R. (2012) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2012.03.007 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a contaminant of emerging concern in surface water: A transboundary review of their occurrences and toxicity effects
Podder, A., Sadmani, A. H. M. A., Reinhart, D., Chang, N.-B., & Goel, R. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126361 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues
Richardson, S. D., & Ternes, T. A. (2011) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac200915r · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Emerging contaminants of public health significance as water quality indicator compounds in the urban water cycle
Pal, A., He, Y., Jekel, M., Reinhard, M., & Gin, K. Y. (2014) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.025 · Cited by 514 · see citing works
Identification of Novel Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (PFECAs) and Sulfonic Acids (PFESAs) in Natural Waters Using Accurate Mass Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS)
Strynar, M., Dagnino, S., McMahen, R., Liang, S., Lindstrom, A., Andersen, E., McMillan, L., Thurman, M., Ferrer, I., & Ball, C. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01215 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water and sediments from two urban watersheds in Nevada, USA
Bai, X., & Son, Y. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141622 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Global distribution of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) in potential human exposure source–A review
Jian, J.-M., Guo, Y., Zeng, L., Liu, L., Lu, X., Wang, F., & Zeng, E. Y. (2017) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.024 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs): Environmental challenges
Krafft, M. P., & Riess, J. G. (2015) · Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2015.07.004 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Effects of Monovalent Cations on the Competitive Adsorption of Perfluoroalkyl Acids by Kaolinite: Experimental Studies and Modeling
Xiao, F., Zhang, X., Penn, L., Gulliver, J. S., & Simcik, M. F. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es202524y · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The role of dissolved organic matter during Per- and Polyfluorinated Substance (PFAS) adsorption, degradation, and plant uptake: A review
Qi, Y., Cao, H., Pan, W., Wang, C., & Liang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129139 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Application of WWTP Biosolids and Resulting Perfluorinated Compound Contamination of Surface and Well Water in Decatur, Alabama, USA
Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., Delinsky, A. D., Nakayama, S. F., McMillan, L., Libelo, E. L., Neill, M., & Thomas, L. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1039425 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citation
Spatial and Temporal Trends of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Global Ocean and Coastal Waters
Muir, D. C. G., & Miaz, L. T. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c08035 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Novel Polyfluorinated Compounds Identified Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Downstream of Manufacturing Facilities near Decatur, Alabama
Newton, S., McMahen, R., Stoeckel, J. A., Chislock, M., Lindstrom, A., & Strynar, M. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05330 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evidence of Air Dispersion: HFPO–DA and PFOA in Ohio and West Virginia Surface Water and Soil near a Fluoropolymer Production Facility
Galloway, J. E., Moreno, A. V. P., Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., Newton, S., May, A. A., & Weavers, L. K. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b07384 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Acids in the Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay and Implications for the Analysis of Impacted Water
Zhang, C., Hopkins, Z. R., McCord, J., Strynar, M. J., & Knappe, D. R. U. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00525 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Self-citation
Input characterization of perfluoroalkyl substances in wastewater treatment plants: Source discrimination by exploratory data analysis
Xiao, F., Halbach, T. R., Simcik, M. F., & Gulliver, J. S. (2012) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.027 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
PFOS and PFC releases and associated pollution from a PFC production plant in Minnesota (USA)
Oliaei, F., Kriens, D., Weber, R., & Watson, A. (2013) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-012-1275-4 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Identification of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Cape Fear River by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Nontargeted Screening
McCord, J., & Strynar, M. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b06017 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citation
Source Attribution of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Surface Waters from Rhode Island and the New York Metropolitan Area
Zhang, X., Lohmann, R., Dassuncao, C., Hu, X. C., Weber, A. K., Vecitis, C. D., & Sunderland, E. M. (2016) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00255 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Analytics of Surfactants in the Environment: Problems and Challenges
Olkowska, E., Polkowska, Ż., & Namieśnik, J. (2011) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr100107g · Cited by 165 · see citing works
National Screening Study on 10 Perfluorinated Compounds in Raw and Treated Tap Water in France
Boiteux, V., Dauchy, X., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F. (2012) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-012-9754-7 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal distribution and mass loadings of perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River of China
Pan, C.-G., Ying, G.-G., Zhao, J.-L., Liu, Y.-S., Jiang, Y.-X., & Zhang, Q.-Q. (2014) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.033 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Perfluorinated Acid Isomer Profiling in Water and Quantitative Assessment of Manufacturing Source
Benskin, J. P., Yeung, L. W. Y., Yamashita, N., Taniyasu, S., Lam, P. K. S., & Martin, J. W. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es102582x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl acids in urban stormwater runoff: Influence of land use
Xiao, F., Simcik, M. F., & Gulliver, J. S. (2012) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.029 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in raw water from New Jersey public drinking water systems
Post, G. B., Louis, J. B., Lippincott, R. L., & Procopio, N. A. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es402884x · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Testicular Signaling Is the Potential Target of Perfluorooctanesulfonate-Mediated Subfertility in Male Mice1
Wan, H. T., Zhao, Y. G., Wong, M. H., Lee, C., Yeung, W. S. B., Giesy, J. P., & Wong, C. K. C. (2011) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.110.089219 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Quantitative non-targeted analysis: Bridging the gap between contaminant discovery and risk characterization
McCord, J. P., Groff, L. C., & Sobus, J. R. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.107011 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food and water from Faroe Islands
Eriksson, U., Kärrman, A., Rotander, A., Mikkelsen, B., & Dam, M. (2013) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-013-1700-3 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Trophodynamics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Food Web of a Large Atlantic Slope River
Penland, T. N., Cope, W. G., Kwak, T. J., Strynar, M. J., Grieshaber, C. A., Heise, R. J., & Sessions, F. W. (2020) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perfluorinated Compounds
Lau, C. S. (2012) · Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Determination and partitioning behavior of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate in water and sediment from Dianchi Lake, China
Zhang, Y., Meng, W., Guo, C., Xu, J. F., Yu, T., Fan, W., & Li, L. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.103 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Emission Inventory for PFOS in China: Review of Past Methodologies and Suggestions
Lim, T. C., Wang, B., Huang, J. G., Deng, S., & Yu, G. (2011) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2011/868156 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Spatial distribution and mass transport of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in surface water: A statewide evaluation of PFAS occurrence and fate in Alabama
Viticoski, R. L., Wang, D., Feltman, M. A., Mulabagal, V., Rogers, S. R., Blersch, D. M., & Hayworth, J. S. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155524 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Promoting C–F Bond Activation for Perfluorinated Compounds Decomposition via Atomically Synergistic Lewis and Brønsted Acid Sites
Luo, W., Liu, K., Luo, T., Fu, J., Zhang, H., Ma, C., Chan, T., Kao, C., Lin, Z., Chai, L., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c15280 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Exposure and Effects of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Tree Swallows Nesting in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA
Custer, C. M., Custer, T. W., Dummer, P. M., Etterson, M. A., Thogmartin, W. E., Wu, Q., Kannan, K., Trowbridge, A. G., & McKann, P. C. (2013) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-013-9934-0 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Validation of quantitative measurements and semi-quantitative estimates of emerging perfluoroethercarboxylic acids (PFECAs) and hexfluoroprolyene oxide acids (HFPOAs)
McCord, J. P., Newton, S., & Strynar, M. J. (2018) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.047 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
Photocatalytically reductive defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using Pt/La2Ti2O7 nanoplates: Experimental and DFT assessment
Chen, C., Ma, Q., Liu, F., Gao, J., Li, X., Sun, S., Yao, H., Liu, C., Young, J., & Zhang, W. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126452 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Concentrations of Perfluorinated Compounds in Bald Eagle Nestlings in the Upper Midwestern United States
Route, W. T., Russell, R. E., Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., & Key, R. L. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es501055d · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citation
Distribution and primary source analysis of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances with different chain lengths in surface and groundwater in two cities, North China
Yao, Y., Zhu, H., Li, B., Hu, H., Zhang, T., Yamazaki, E., Taniyasu, S., Yamashita, N., & Sun, H. (2014) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.021 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances levels in tap and bottled water samples from Turkey
Endirlik, B. Ü., Bakır, E., Boşgelmez, İ. İ., Eken, A., Narin, İ., & Gürbay, A. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.228 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Batch and column study: Sorption of perfluorinated surfactants from water and cosolvent systems by Amberlite XAD resins
Xiao, F., Davidsavor, K. J., Park, S., Nakayama, M., & Phillips, B. R. (2011) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.011 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Investigating sources and pathways of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in aquifers in Tokyo using multiple tracers
Kuroda, K., Murakami, M., Oguma, K., Takada, H., & Takizawa, S. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.066 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Removal of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in potable reuse systems
Glover, C. M., Quiñones, O., & Dickenson, E. R. V. (2018) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.018 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
An integrated assessment of ecological and human health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances through toxicity prediction approaches
Hamid, N., Junaid, M., Manzoor, R., Sultan, M., Chuan, O. M., & Wang, J. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167213 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Reconnaissance of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in Private and Public Supply Tapwaters at Selected Residential and Workplace Sites in the United States
Bradley, P. M., Kolpin, D. W., Romanok, K. M., Smalling, K. L., Focazio, M. J., Brown, J. B., Cardon, M. C., Carpenter, K. D., Corsi, S. R., DeCicco, L., et al. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04622 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water along the entire coastal line of China: Spatial distribution, mass loadings, and worldwide comparisons.
Du, D., Lu, Y.-L., Zhou, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, C.-C., Yu, M.-Z., Song, S., Cui, H., & Chen, C.-C. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107506 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effects of chronic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at low concentration on morphometrics, gene expression, and fecundity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Jantzen, C. E., Toor, F., Annunziato, K. A., & Cooper, K. R. (2017) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.01.009 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Analytical Method Interferences for Perfluoropentanoic Acid (Pfpea) and Perfluorobutanoic Acid (Pfba) in Biological and Environmental Samples
Bangma, J., McCord, J. P., Giffard, N. G., Buckman, K. L., Petali, J., Chen, C. Y., Amparo, D. E., Turpin, B. J., Morrison, G., & Strynar, M. J. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137722 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citation
An ultra-sensitive method for the analysis of perfluorinated alkyl acids in drinking water using a column switching high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Dasu, K., Nakayama, S. F., Yoshikane, M., Mills, M. A., Wright, J. M., & Ehrlich, S. (2017) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.006 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citation
Photodegradation and photocatalysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A review of recent progress
Verma, S., Mezgebe, B., Hejase, C. A., Sahle‐Demessie, E., & Nadagouda, M. N. (2023) · Next Materials · doi:10.1016/j.nxmate.2023.100077 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Uptake and Depuration of Four Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASS) in Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens Tadpoles
Hoover, G., Chislock, M. F., Tornabene, B. J., Guffey, S. C., Choi, Y. J., de Perre, C., Hoverman, J. T., Lee, L., & Sepúlveda, M. S. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00339 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Mixed organic and inorganic tapwater exposures and potential effects in greater Chicago area, USA
Bradley, P. M., Argos, M., Kolpin, D. W., Meppelink, S. M., Romanok, K. M., Smalling, K. L., Focazio, M. J., Allen, J. M., Dietze, J. E., DeVito, M. J., et al. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137236 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Identification of perfluoroalkyl acid sources in Swiss surface waters with the help of the artificial sweetener acesulfame
Müller, C. E., Gerecke, A. C., Alder, A. C., Scheringer, M., & Hungerbühler, K. (2011) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.12.035 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Reappraisal of chemical interference in anaerobic digestion processes
Jha, P., & Schmidt, Š. (2016) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.076 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in selected Victorian rivers and estuaries: An historical snapshot
Allinson, M., Yamashita, N., Taniyasu, S., Yamazaki, E., & Allinson, G. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02472 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Characterizing Fluorotelomer and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in New and Aged Fluorotelomer-Based Polymers for Degradation Studies with GC/MS and LC/MS/MS
Washington, J. W., Naile, J. E., Jenkins, T. M., & Lynch, D. G. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es500373b · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Analysis of a Homologous Series of Perfluorocarboxylates from American Red Cross Adult Blood Donors, 2000–2001 and 2006
Olsen, G. W., Ellefson, M. E., Mair, D. C., Church, T. R., Goldberg, C. L., Herron, R., Medhdizadehkashi, Z., Nobiletti, J. B., Rios, J. A., Reagen, W. K., et al. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es1043535 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Experimental and molecular dynamic simulation study of perfluorooctane sulfonate adsorption on soil and sediment components
Zhang, R., Yan, W., & Jing, C. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Relative importance of wastewater treatment plants and non-point sources of perfluorinated compounds to Washington State rivers
Furl, C. V., Meredith, C. A., Strynar, M. J., & Nakayama, S. F. (2011) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.035 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) throughout the food production chain
Asselt, E. D. V., Rietra, R. P. J. J., Römkens, P. F. A. M., & van der Fels‐Klerx, H. J. (2011) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.032 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Unraveling the mechanisms of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and microglial activation in developing zebrafish
Mahapatra, A., Gupta, P., Suman, A., Ray, S. S., Malafaia, G., & Singh, R. K. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164030 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Determination of C5–C12 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in river water samples in the Czech Republic by GC–MS after SPE preconcentration
Dufková, V., Čabala, R., & Ševčík, V. (2012) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.029 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Behavior and Fate of PFOA and PFOS in Sandy Aquifer Sediment
Ferrey, M. L., Wilson, J. T., Adair, C., Su, C., Fine, D. D., Liu, X., & Washington, J. W. (2012) · Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01395.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Partial life-cycle and acute toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids to freshwater mussels
Hazelton, P. D., Cope, W. G., Pandolfo, T. J., Mosher, S., Strynar, M. J., Barnhart, M. C., & Bringolf, R. B. (2012) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.1866 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thermal Transformations of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa): Mechanisms, Volatile Organofluorine Emissions, and Implications for Thermal Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon
Wang, J., Tran, L. N., Mendoza, J. L., Chen, K., Tian, L., Zhao, Y., Liu, J., & Lin, Y. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135737 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
McCord, J. P., & Strynar, M. J. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/59142 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Occurrence and distribution of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a surface flow constructed wetland
Zhang, D., Li, X., Wang, M., & Xie, W. (2021) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106291 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Multi-media distribution and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Huai River Basin, China
Tao, Y., Pang, Y., Luo, M., Jiang, X., Huang, J., & Li, Z. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169581 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Occurrence and partitioning behavior of perfluoroalkyl acids in wastewater effluent discharging into the Long Island Sound
Elmoznino, J., Vlahos, P., & Whitney, M. M. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.076 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Extraction, analysis, and occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS) in wastewater and after municipal biosolids land application to determine agricultural loading
Caniglia, J., Snow, D. D., Messer, T., & Bartelt-Hunt, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Water · doi:10.3389/frwa.2022.892451 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Organic contamination in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings at United States and binational Great Lakes Areas of Concern
Custer, T. W., Custer, C. M., Dummer, P. M., Goldberg, D. R., Franson, J. C., & Erickson, R. A. (2016) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.3598 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A method for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in environmental and drinking waters and the determination of their lowest concentration minimal reporting levels
Boone, J. S., Guan, B., Vigo, C., Boone, T., Byrne, C. J., & Ferrario, J. B. (2014) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Spatial and temporal trends of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in fish fillets and water collected from pool 2 of the Upper Mississippi River
Newsted, J. L., Holem, R. R., Hohenstein, G., Lange, C. C., Ellefson, M. E., Reagen, W. K., & Wolf, S. T. (2017) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.3891 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
6:2 Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate as perfluorooctanesulfonate alternative in the electroplating industry and the receiving environment
Liu, J., Cui, Y., Lü, M., Lv, J., Dong, L., Guo, J. K., Zhang, X., Sun, Y., Huang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134719 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Isomers of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and sediment from the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, USA
Brittany, S., Shimizu, M. S., Garcia, R. I. S., Avery, G. B., Kieber, R. J., Mead, R. N., & Skrabal, S. A. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128359 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A Review of the Treatment Process of Perfluorooctane Compounds in the Waters: Adsorption, Flocculation, and Advanced Oxidative Process
Zhang, K., Sumita, Li, C., Sun, C., & Marmier, N. (2022) · Water · doi:10.3390/w14172692 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
PERFLUORINATED COMPOUND CONCENTRATIONS IN GREAT BLUE HERON EGGS NEAR ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, USA, IN 1993 AND 2010–2011
Custer, T. W., Dummer, P. M., Custer, C. M., Wu, Q., Kannan, K., & Trowbridge, A. G. (2013) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.2146 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A review of innovative approaches for onsite management of PFAS-impacted investigation derived waste
Vatankhah, H., Anderson, R. H., Ghosh, R. S., Willey, J., & Leeson, A. (2023) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120769 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Total organic fluorine (TOF) analysis by completely converting TOF into fluoride with vacuum ultraviolet
Li, J., Li, B., Pan, H., Wei, Y., Yang, Y., Xu, N., Chen, B., Mohseni, M., & Esfahani, E. B. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128389 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) contamination of fish in urban lakes: A prioritization methodology for lake management
Xiao, F., Gulliver, J. S., & Simcik, M. F. (2013) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.063 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Detection of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Nakdong River Basin
Son, H.-J., Hwang, Y.-D., Yoom, H.-S., Choi, J.-T., & Kwon, K.-W. (2013) · 대한환경공학회지 · doi:10.4491/ksee.2013.35.2.084 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Solid‐phase extraction of perfluoroalkylated compounds from sea water
Villaverde-de-Sáa, E., Fernández‐López, M., Rodil, R., Quintana, J. B., Racamonde, I., & Cela, R. (2015) · Journal of Separation Science · doi:10.1002/jssc.201401453 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Footprints of Urban Micro-Pollution in Protected Areas: Investigating the Longitudinal Distribution of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wildlife Preserves
Rodríguez‐Jorquera, I. A., Silva-Sánchez, C., Strynar, M. J., Denslow, N. D., & Toor, G. S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148654 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Treatment of electrochemical plating wastewater by heterogeneous photocatalysis: the simultaneous removal of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate and hexavalent chromium
Kim, H., Hakimabadi, S. G., & Pham, A. L. (2021) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d1ra06235b · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Curcumin-mediated balsa wood-derived 3D magnetic biochar with dual active sites to activate peroxymonosulfate for PFOA removal
Sun, C., Qin, F., Zhu, B., Yang, Q., Ma, Z., Zhou, L., & Zheng, Y. (2023) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125921 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Paired-ion electrospray ionization – triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for quantification of anionic surfactants in waters
Santos, I. C., Guo, H., Mesquita, R. B. R., Rangel, A. O. S. S., Armstrong, D. W., & Schug, K. A. (2015) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.081 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
An interlaboratory study on EPA methods 537.1 and 533 for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substance analyses
Whitaker, J. S., Hrabak, R. B., Ramos, M. S., Neslund, C., & Li, Y. (2021) · AWWA Water Science · doi:10.1002/aws2.1234 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Biomagnification of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic food species from a tropical lagoon ecosystem
Ibor, O. R., Adeogun, A. O., Chukwuka, A. V., Omogbemi, E. D., Oluwale, F. V., Oni, A. A., & Arukwe, A. (2025) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107117 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A First Report of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Large West-Flowing River in Southern India
Binu, K. R., Yamashita, N., Prabhasankar, V. P., Praveenkumarreddy, Y., Shenoy, J. K., & Balakrishna, K. (2022) · Springer transactions in civil and environmental engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1847-6_1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Environmental analysis: Persistent organic pollutants
Sander, L. C., Schantz, M. M., & Wise, S. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805392-8.00014-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in sentinel freshwater models, Daphnia, Zebrafish and unicellular green algae: A systemic review
Umar, A. Y., Soltanighias, T., Orsini, L., & Abdallah, M. A. (2025) · Environmental Pollution and Management · doi:10.1016/j.epm.2025.07.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Effect of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate, Exposure Time, and Chemical Mixtures on Methanogenic Community Structure and Function
McNamara, P. J., LaPara, T. M., & Novak, P. J. (2015) · Microbiology Insights · doi:10.4137/mbi.s31345 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A province-wide mapping of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface waters of the St. Lawrence River watershed, Québec, Canada
Teymoorian, T., Munoz, G., Duy, S. V., Vaudreuil, M.-A., Liu, M., Liu, J., & Sauvé, S. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180429 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Efficient defluorination of PFOA by vacuum ultraviolet coupling with sulfite and iodide
Li, J., Li, L., Zhang, J., Yang, C., & Ma, J. (2024) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106079 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Structural investigation of the complexation between vitamin B12 and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Insights into degradation using density functional theory
Koval, A. M., Jenness, G. R., & Shukla, M. K. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143213 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Occurrence and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in three major rivers of Xinjiang, China
Wang, G., Wang, X., Xing, Z., Lu, J., Chang, Q., & Tong, Y. (2019) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-019-05770-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chromosomal damage and EROD induction in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) along the Upper Mississippi River, Minnesota, USA
Bigorgne, E., Custer, T. W., Dummer, P. M., Erickson, R. A., Karouna‐Renier, N. K., Schultz, S., Custer, C. M., Thogmartin, W. E., & Matson, C. W. (2015) · Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1007/s10646-015-1443-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Perfluorinated Compounds in the Cape Fear Drainage Basin in North Carolina
Nakayama, S., Strynar, M. J., Helfant, L., Egeghy, P., Ye, X., & Lindstrom, A. B. (2007) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es070792y · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perfluorinated compounds in whole fish homogenates from the Ohio, Missouri, and Upper Mississippi Rivers, USA
Ye, X., Strynar, M. J., Nakayama, S. F., Varns, J. L., Helfant, L., Lazorchak, J. M., & Lindstrom, A. B. (2008) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.014 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Validation and determination of nine PFCS in surface water and sediment samples using UPLC-QTOF-MS
Fagbayigbo, B. O., Opeolu, B. O., Fatoki, O. S., & Olatunji, O. S. (2018) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-018-6715-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Distribution of Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Sumjin River and Southern Coastal Area of Korea
Paik, B. C., Kim, T. R., & Kam, S.-K. (2014) · Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment · Cited by 1 · see citing works
EVALUATION OF SOURCES OF PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS IN UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER WATER USING POLYTOPIC VECTOR ANALYSIS
Scott, P. (2015)

Authors: Nakayama, S. F., Strynar, M. J., Reiner, J. L., Delinsky, A. D., & Lindstrom, A. B.
Affiliations: Environmental Protection Agency (US)
Corresponding author: Lindstrom, Andrew B.
ORCID: Nakayama, Shoji F.
Strynar, Mark J.
Reiner, Jessica L.
Lindstrom, Andrew B.
Venue: Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2010-05-04
Volume: 44
Issue: 11
Pages: 4103-4109
ISSN: 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
1520-5851
DOI: 10.1021/es100382z
OpenAlex: W2078227004
Cited by: 122
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 9.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chemical Analysis and Environmental Impact
Keywords: perfluorinated compounds, PFOS, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, PFHpA, surface water contamination, Upper Mississippi River Basin, long-range transport, environmental distribution, method performance
MeSH terms: Fluorocarbons, Fresh Water, Quality Control, United States, Water Pollutants, Chemical

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in the Upper Mississippi River Basin

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks