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Perfluoroalkyl Acids in the Atlantic and Canadian Arctic Oceans
Open accessAbstract
We report here on the spatial distribution of C(4), C(6), and C(8) perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, C(6)-C(14) perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, and perfluorooctanesulfonamide in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, including previously unstudied coastal waters of North and South America, and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were typically the dominant perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in Atlantic water. In the midnorthwest Atlantic/Gulf Stream, sum PFAA concentrations (∑PFAAs) were low (77-190 pg/L) but increased rapidly upon crossing into U.S. coastal water (up to 5800 pg/L near Rhode Island). ∑PFAAs in the northeast Atlantic were highest north of the Canary Islands (280-980 pg/L) and decreased with latitude. In the South Atlantic, concentrations increased near Rio de la Plata (Argentina/Uruguay; 350-540 pg/L ∑PFAAs), possibly attributable to insecticides containing N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide, or proximity to Montevideo and Buenos Aires. In all other southern hemisphere locations, ∑PFAAs were <210 pg/L. PFOA/PFOS ratios were typically ≥1 in the northern hemisphere, ∼1 near the equator, and ≤1 in the southern hemisphere. In the Canadian Arctic, ∑PFAAs ranged from 40 to 250 pg/L, with perfluoroheptanoate, PFOA, and PFOS among the PFAAs detected at the highest concentrations. PFOA/PFOS ratios (typically ≫1) decreased from Baffin Bay to the Amundsen Gulf, possibly attributable to increased atmospheric inputs. These data help validate global emissions models and contribute to understanding of long-range transport pathways and sources of PFAAs to remote regions.
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“The release of PFAS into the environment occurs through two major sources.”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Benskin et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Benskin et al. (2012) reported perfluoroalkyl acids in the Canadian Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water and wastewater: A critical review of their global occurrence and distribution (2022) · cites this paper as Benskin et al., 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Benskin, J. P., Muir, D. C. G., Scott, B. F., Spencer, C., De Silva, A. O., Kylin, H., Martin, J. W., Morris, A., Lohmann, R., Tomy, G., Rosenberg, B., Taniyasu, S., & Yamashita, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (CA)
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada
- Linköping University (SE)
- University of Guelph (CA)
- University of Rhode Island (US)
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (CA)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Muir, Derek C. G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-05-14
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5815-5823
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2153533007
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 8.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of Media Literacy Education (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Polarforskningssekretariatet
- ArcticNet
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- perfluoroalkyl acids, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, spatial distribution, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, long-range transport, atmospheric emissions, Río de la Plata, Gulf Stream, Baffin Bay, Amundsen Gulf, coastal waters
- MeSH terms
- Arctic Regions, Atlantic Ocean, Canada, Caprylates, Fluorocarbons, Geography, Laboratories, Models, Chemical, Ships, South America, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Alkanesulfonic Acids
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