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The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary Norms for Individuals with Autism
Abstract
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Special Population norms are presented for four groups of individuals with autism: (a) mute children under 10 years of age; (b) children with at least some verbal skills under 10 years of age; (c) mute individuals who are 10 years of age or older; and (d) individuals with at least some verbal skills who are 10 years of age or older. The sample included 684 autistic individuals ascertained from cases referred for the DSM-IV autism/PDD field trial collaborative study and five university sites with expertise in autism. Young children had higher standard scores than older individuals across all Vineland domains. In the Communication domain, younger verbal children were least impaired, older mute individuals most impaired, and younger mute and older verbal individuals in the midrange. Verbal individuals achieved higher scores in Daily Living Skills than mute individuals. The expected profile of a relative weakness in Socialization and relative strength in Daily Living Skills was obtained with age-equivalent but not standard scores. Results high-light the importance of employing Vineland special population norms as well as national norms when evaluating individuals with autism.
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In ASD, adaptive abilities are consistently impaired in most or all domains, particularly socialization skills.
“In ASD individuals, those abilities are consistently impaired in most, if not all domains, but particularly in socialization skills (Bolte & Poustka, 2002; Carter et al., 1998; Kenworthy, Case, Harms, Martin, & Wallace, 2010).”
From WISC-IV profile in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: Impaired processing speed is associated with increased autism communication symptoms and decreased adaptive communication abilities (2012) · cites this paper as Carter et al., 1998
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carter, A. S., Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Wang, J.-J., Lord, C., Dawson, G., Fombonne, E., Loveland, K., Mesibov, G., & Schopler, E.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of London (GB)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 287-302
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W1605138144
- Cited by
- 367
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, autism spectrum disorder, adaptive behavior, verbal ability, age differences, communication, daily living skills, socialization, Z-score
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Communication Disorders, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Intellectual Disability, Middle Aged, Motor Skills, Mutism, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Sampling Studies, Social Behavior, Chi-Square Distribution
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