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On the Assessment of Situational Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS)
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“The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) by Guay et al. (2000) was employed, which differentiates motivation into intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and amotivation.”
From Empowering ChatGPT with Guidance Mechanism in Blended Learning: Effect of Self-Regulated Learning, Higher-Order Thinking Skills, and Knowledge Construction (2024) · cites this paper as Guay et al. (2000)
In the citing paper
“Its reliability and validity were confirmed in prior studies (Chen et al., 2001;Guay et al., 2000;Wang et al., 2016).”
From Empowering ChatGPT with Guidance Mechanism in Blended Learning: Effect of Self-Regulated Learning, Higher-Order Thinking Skills, and Knowledge Construction (2024) · cites this paper as Guay et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“In the study, the subscale amotivation also did not reach a sufficiently high Cronbach's alpha (α = .49),similar to the findings of Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard (2000).”
From Online learning readiness and attitudes towards gaming in gamified online learning – a mixed methods case study (2018) · cites this paper as Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard (2000)
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Wang, Z., & Panaccio, A. J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03455-7 · Cited by 5
“Situational motivation Guay and Colleagues’ (Guay et al., 2000) situational motivation scale was used.”
MethodMaouch, M. E., Wang, Y., Jin, Z., Tamutana, T. T., Zhao, K., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.930842 · Cited by 6
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“The goal of the action is therefore separable from the action itself (Guay et al., 2000).”
The Why of the Teaching Profession: Validation of a Structural Model of Teacher Motivations
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“Another tool that has been used is the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS), which was designed by Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard (2000) to evaluate the constructs of intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and demotivation in both field and laboratory environments [72].”
Tafvelin, S., Schwarz, U. V. T., & Stenling, A. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.16993/sjwop.184 · Cited by 5
Isingizwe, J., Eiris, R., & Al-Bayati, A. J. (2024) · ASCE Construction Research Congress (CRC) · doi:10.1061/9780784485293.046 · Cited by 5
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White, C. J., & Yu, T. (2024) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-10-2023-0769 · Cited by 7
Ruffault, A., Bernier, M., Podlog, L. W., & Guegan, C. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14632 · Cited by 7
“29 The items were adapted to the phases of recovery and return, in order to measure participants' motivation to perform the exercises they could do in each phase.”
BackgroundHigh-performing teams: Is collective intelligence the answer?
Rowe, L. I., Hattie, J., & Munro, J. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0307945 · Cited by 9
Brooks, M., & Khan, R. (2015) · Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.1080/14789949.2015.1013973 · Cited by 6
“The SIMS is an established measure of behavioural intentions, perceived competence and concentration (Guay et al., 2000) that has been validated in samples of offenders on probation (Skeem, Louden, Polaschek, & Camp, 2007).”
Soltani, A., Roslan, S. B., Abdullah, M. C., & Jan, C. C. (2011) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v7i3.145 · Cited by 6
al., A. A. S. A. E. A. A. A. S. A. E., & TJPRC (2018) · International journal of business management and research · doi:10.24247/ijbmroct20181 · Cited by 4
“The scale used by Chauhan and Solanki, (2014) to study "A Comparative Study of Job Satisfaction in Government and Private Employees" Job Motivation: Adopted from the situational motivational scale by Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard (2000).”
MethodMotivation for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Scale development and psychometric analysis
Assarroudi, A., Nabavi, F. H., & Ebadi, A. (2019) · International Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2019.02.005 · Cited by 5
Kurniawan, I., & Winarno, M. E. (2022) · Sport Science and Health · doi:10.17977/um062v2i112020p543-556 · Cited by 5
Dübbers, F., & Schmidt‐Daffy, M. (2021) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2021.1956033 · Cited by 6
“…items that assessed the six different motivational qualities from a SDT perspective, we adapted existing scales (AMS, Vallerand et al., 1993; SIMS, Guay et al., 2000; SRQ-L; Black & Deci, 2000) to the specific setting of a lecture-based university course and to the specific course content, DBDM.”
MethodActive Video Game Program for People with Type 2 Diabetes- a Pilot Study
Huang, H.-H., Gathright, B., Holik, R., Iverson, H., Saville, E., & Curtis, D. A. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app112211046 · Cited by 5
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Rodrigues, L., Toda, A. M., Pereira, F. D., Palomino, P. T., Klock, A. C. T., Pessoa, M., Oliveira, D. F., Gasparini, I., Teixeira, E. H., Cristea, A. I., et al. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11644-5_65 · Cited by 5
Hu, H., Hu, W., Hu, Q., Kuang, H., Mo, P. K. H., & Lau, J. T. F. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03370-x · Cited by 5
“4) Situational Motivation Scale (SMS): The SMS has 16 items and assesses the motivation an individual experiences when they are engaging in a certain activity (Guay et al., 2000).”
BackgroundVarsaluoma, J., Väätäjä, H., & Walsh, T. (2016) · International Academic Mindtrek Conference (Mindtrek) · doi:10.1145/2994310.2994369 · Cited by 5
“The motivation to use the service was measured in a similar fashion (Q6, Q7), but also an abridged version of the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) [3] was used (Q8).”
MethodAutonomy and responsibility as a dual construct
Garcia, D., Ryberg, F., Arntén, A.-C. A., Archer, T., & Nima, A. A. (2017) · International Journal of Police Science & Management · doi:10.1177/1461355717714002 · Cited by 5
“For example, identified regulation is theorized to denote a more ‘internalized’ engagement that is not yet self-determined, but it is a starting point for the individual to internalize the reasons for his or her activity (Guay et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialValidation of the Korean Passion Scale
홍민성, Sohn, Y. W., & 정예슬 (2016) · 한국심리학회지 사회및성격 · doi:10.21193/kjspp.2016.30.2.001 · Cited by 6
Exploring the impact of shopper ethnicity through the path-to-purchase framework
Jones, R. P., Camp, K. M., & Runyan, R. C. (2018) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.09.002 · Cited by 5
Remmele, M., & Martens, A. (2019) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00180.2018 · Cited by 5
Hong, M., & Lee, S. (2019) · Journal of the Korean Chemical Society · doi:10.15207/jkcs.2019.10.10.143 · Cited by 6
“자기결정성 동기 자기결정성 동기를 측정하기 위해 Guay, Vallerand와 Blanchard[25]의 상황적 동기 척도(The Situational Motivation Scale; SIMS)를 홍민성, 정예슬과 손영우 [26]가 번안한 것을 학업 상황에 맞게 수정하여 사용하였 다.”
The Experience of Power Could Facilitate Healthy Food Consumption
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How to increase students' interest in a basic electric circuits course?
Gero, A., Yamin, N., & Stav, Y. (2016) · European Workshop on Microelectronics Education (EWME) · doi:10.1109/ewme.2016.7496456 · Cited by 5
“It was based on the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) questionnaire [12] and the SRQ-A (Self-Regulation Questionnaire – Academic) questionnaire [13].”
MethodChang, J.-Y., & 최한별 (2007) · Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.24230/ksiop.20.2.200705.113 · Cited by 5
Bialis-White, L. H. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 5
Wang, Z., Jin Wei, L. U., & Yu, S. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322094 · Cited by 15
“Specifically, integrative motivation is manifested in the following three aspects [24]: 1.”
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Johansen, T. E. B., Matre, M., Løvstad, M., Olsen, A., Lund, A. D., Martinsen, A. C. T., Becker, F., Brunborg, C., Rizzo, A., Spikman, J. M., et al. (2025) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2025.07.005 · Cited by 7
Torbergsen, H., Paulsby, T. E., Haugan, G., & Utvær, B. K. S. (2025) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-025-07729-z · Cited by 5
“Some studies indicate that students find that student-active learning activities are time-consuming and that they require considerable study-effort [13, 49].”
Harte, N. P. A., Cale, L., Alfrey, L., & Spray, C. M. (2025) · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1612197x.2025.2585162 · Cited by 4
Klose, M., Handschuh, P., Steger, D., & Artelt, C. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108322 · Cited by 7
Wasicek, B., & McHugh, D. (2024) · International Medical Education · doi:10.3390/ime3030018 · Cited by 7
Matos, J. F., Silva, V., Silvestre, P., & Pinto, A. M. G. (2024) · International Journal of Lifelong Education · doi:10.1080/02601370.2024.2435355 · Cited by 6
“The Situational Motivation Scale was originally developed by Guay et al. (2000), consisting of 16 items.”
Examining motivation patterns among recreational sport participants with different PERMA levels
Ntovoli, A., Shiyi, L., Polyakova, O., Καραγιώργος, Θ., & Alexandris, K. (2025) · Managing Sport and Leisure · doi:10.1080/23750472.2025.2494544 · Cited by 6
“Different types of motivation lead to different outcomes (Guay et al., 2000).”
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Corlett, C. E., Alldredge, C. T., & Elkins, G. R. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2025.2491352 · Cited by 5
“The SIMS was also found to have good construct validity (Guay et al., 2001).”
Teixeira, F. B., Curral, L. A., & Gomes, C. (2014) · Psicologia · doi:10.17575/rpsicol.v28i2.643 · Cited by 4
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Malinowska, D., Tokarz, A., & Staszczyk, S. (2019) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001649 · Cited by 5
“Autonomous types of motivation regulation were assessed using the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale (SIMS).(44) Two autonomous regulations were measured: intrinsic motivation measured with 4 items (eg, ‘‘Because I think that this activity is interesting’’; Cronbach a1⁄4 0.”
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Henriksen, M. (2020) · PRIMUS · doi:10.1080/10511970.2020.1780532 · Cited by 4
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“Situational motivation sub-classifies extrinsic motivation into two regulation styles, which are identified regulation and external regulation (17).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDemir, G. T., & Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2022) · Balıkesır Health Sciences Journal · doi:10.53424/balikesirsbd.1078077 · Cited by 4
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Vigeant, M. A.-S., Prince, M., Nottis, K. E. K., & Golightly, A. (2020) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--30245 · Cited by 6
Chen, Q., Jia, T., Wang, N., & Chen, J. (2022) · International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications · doi:10.1080/13675567.2022.2140793 · Cited by 4
RETRACTED: Targeted teaching method combined with stepped assessment in public tennis lessons
Ping, H., Saibon, J. B., & Xue, Y. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16680 · Cited by 4
RetractedGorges, J., Fröhlich, L., & Mahnken, A. H. (2023) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2023.2249586 · Cited by 4
“Drawing on the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) (Guay et al. 2000), two items measured intrinsic (e.g. ‘Because medical studies/radiology is fun’) motivation, extrinsic (e.g. ‘Because I feel like I have to study medicine/radiology’), introjected (‘Because I feel like I should study medical…”
MethodCycling in Immersive VR: Motivation and Affects in Post-COVID Patients
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Anorexia nervosa: Enhancing motivation to change with self-determination theory
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People Who Accommodate Others’ Sexist Views Are Themselves Perceived to Be Sexist
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“…examined in Study 1, in Study 2 we also explored the role of external attributions; namely, how much participants believed that the actor (a) decided to accommodate gender prejudice due to external pressure (Guay et al., 2000) and (b) had to discount personal values to accommodate gender prejudice.”
BackgroundInfluentialWang, C. (2024) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--38028 · Cited by 4
“Each week students were given a Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) survey [11] to measure their motivation along with a report on whether they attended the lab virtually or in-person.”
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“Presence is defined as a perceptual illusion of non-mediation, in which the medium (VR goggles) appears to become invisible [23]. this may increase situational motivation and user engagement [24,25], which is enhanced by a sense of being in the moment or flow [26].”
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Extrinsic Motivation and User Performance
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“In this paper, we focus on the external regulation subcategory of extrinsic motivation, which is defined as an external “perceived locus of causality” (Ryan & Deci, 2000) because it most clearly represents taking action due to external needs or requirements (Guay et al., 2000).”
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“Exposure to the Engineering Profession [5] ns Gr.”
BackgroundThe Validity of a Situational Motivation Scale Based on Self-Determination Theory Regarding Work
황혜원, & Bong-Whan, K. (2013) · Korea Journal of Counseling · doi:10.15703/kjc.14.5.201310.2891 · Cited by 4
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“The need for autonomy is focussed on a person who is feeling that a situation provides control or an inherent level of choice (Guay et al. 2000).”
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“…(MAWS, Gagne et al. 2010), the work extrinsic and intrinsic motivation scale (WEIMS, Tremblay, 2009), and the situational motivation scale (SIMS, Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard, 2000), are based on the selfdetermination theory (Deci and Ryan, 2010) and therefore do not include ethical…”
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Spina, R. R., Ji, L., Guo, T., Li, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2020) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022120933691 · Cited by 4
A Brief Introduction of Python to Freshman Engineering Students Using Multimedia Applications
Wang, C. (2020) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie44824.2020.9273894 · Cited by 5
“A Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) survey [3] was given to students at the end of all Python lectures to measure their motivational responses to the lecture activities.”
MethodEmpirical Methods in the Social Science for Researching Socially Interactive Agents
Pütten, A. M. R.-V. D., & Abrams, A. M. H. (2021) · ACM eBooks · doi:10.1145/3477322.3477325 · Cited by 4
Grit, motivation and university grades
Pleace, M., & Nicholls, N. (2021) · South African Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/saje.12307 · Cited by 4
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Berthaud, J., Corbin, L., Duguet, A., Ripert, E. L., Mener, M. L., & Morlaix, S. (2022) · Revue internationale de pédagogie de l’enseignement supérieur · doi:10.4000/ripes.3930 · Cited by 4
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Lamsah, S., & Zamrudi, Z. (2019) · HOLISTICA – Journal of Business and Public Administration · doi:10.2478/hjbpa-2019-0021 · Cited by 5
Validity and Reliability of Physical Education Learning Motivation Questionnaires
Nur, L., Suherman, A., Subarjah, H., & Budiana, D. (2019) · International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE) · doi:10.2991/icsshpe-18.2019.25 · Cited by 4
“Motivational instruments in sports have been developed by experts such as the Sport Motivation Scale [13] with 28 question items, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory [17] with 16 items of questions, Situational Motivation Scale [18] with 16 items of questions, and Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire [17] with…”
Bayne, F. M., Racinais, S., Mileva, K. N., Hunter, S., & Gaoua, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608426 · Cited by 4
“The 16-item Situational Motivation Scale included four categories: Intrinsic motivation, Identified regulation, External regulation and Amotivation (Guay et al., 2000).”
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“For example, in alignment with the SelfDetermination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), Guay et al. (2000) categorized motivations into three groups: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation.”
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Wang, Z. (2024) · Evidence-based HRM a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship · doi:10.1108/ebhrm-10-2023-0292 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J., & Blanchard, C.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Guay, Frédéric
- Venue
- Motivation and Emotion
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 175-213
- ISSN
- 0146-7239 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6644
- OpenAlex
- W1633674991
- Semantic Scholar
- 3341e4c44829cb9f1fb472a968112765318f324a
- Cited by
- 1,579
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 111 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 8.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Motivation and Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- Situational Motivation Scale, situational motivation, intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, amotivation, self-report measures, scale development, construct validity
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