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On the Assessment of Situational Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS)
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“The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) by Guay et al. (2000) was employed, which differentiates motivation into intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and amotivation.”
From Empowering ChatGPT with Guidance Mechanism in Blended Learning: Effect of Self-Regulated Learning, Higher-Order Thinking Skills, and Knowledge Construction (2024) · cites this paper as Guay et al. (2000)
In the citing paper
“Its reliability and validity were confirmed in prior studies (Chen et al., 2001;Guay et al., 2000;Wang et al., 2016).”
From Empowering ChatGPT with Guidance Mechanism in Blended Learning: Effect of Self-Regulated Learning, Higher-Order Thinking Skills, and Knowledge Construction (2024) · cites this paper as Guay et al., 2000
In the citing paper
“In the study, the subscale amotivation also did not reach a sufficiently high Cronbach's alpha (α = .49),similar to the findings of Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard (2000).”
From Online learning readiness and attitudes towards gaming in gamified online learning – a mixed methods case study (2018) · cites this paper as Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard (2000)
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“All hypothesized factor loadings, covariances, error residuals, and factor residuals were found to be significant [20].”
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Davies, E. (2024) · Advances in Simulation · doi:10.1186/s41077-024-00304-4 · Cited by 12
“The SIMS is a validated tool that invites participants to respond to prompts linked to four types of motivation: intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation and amotivation [32].”
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“Intrinsic motivation was measured with three items (Cronbach alpha .84), based on Gagn e et al. (2010) and Guay et al. (2000).”
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“This leads to the following hypothesis: The Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) was used to obtain scores for motivation in the moment [13].”
MethodEagerness for Physical Activity Scale: Theoretical background and validation
Säfvenbom, R., Buch, R., & Aandstad, A. (2016) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2016.1184095 · Cited by 11
“The SIMS assesses four dimensions of self-determined motivation that an individual may display, namely intrinsic motivation (a ¼ .88), identified regulation (a ¼ .75), external regulation (a ¼ .70), and lastly, amotivation (a ¼ .68).”
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Momen, A., Sebrechts, M. M., & Allaham, M. M. (2016) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601407 · Cited by 10
“…using the Activity Feeling States Measure, a modification of the Activity-Feeling Scale (Reeves & Sickenius, 1994) and the Intrinsic Motivation Measure, a modified version of the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale (Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) adapted to tasks in the current study.”
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Monterrat, B., Lavoué, É., George, S., & Desmarais, M. C. (2017) · Sciences et Technologies de l Information et de la Communication pour l Éducation et la Formation · doi:10.3406/stice.2017.1725 · Cited by 10
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“Additionally, we used an adapted version of the SIMS to measure motivation.”
MethodInfluentialKazak, Z., Lochbaum, M. R., & Canpolat, A. M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13137450 · Cited by 13
“The scale is a 16-item self-report inventory developed by Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard [40] and translated into Turkish by Kazak Çetinkalp [41].”
MethodTowards Adaptive Robotic Tutors in Universities: A Field Study
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“Concerning students’ quality of motivation (SIMS), the main effect for differences in all scales between the three groups was not significant [MANOVA: F(8,532) = 1.93, p = .053, η2 = 0.03].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPressey, A. D., Houghton, D., & Istanbulluoglu, D. (2023) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-06-2022-0472 · Cited by 10
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“Research supports reliability and construct validity evidence of the original (Guay et al., 2000) and adapted version (Ullrich-French et al., 2022).”
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“The third survey was valid and reliable and utilized to examine students’ academic motivation [22].”
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“Motivation can be defined as energy or urge towards completing a specified goal and can be experienced along a continuum from amotivation, through extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation [17] [18].”
BackgroundGamification for Low-Literates: Findings on Motivation, User Experience, and Study Design
Schouten, D. G. M., Pfab, I., Cremers, A., van Dijk, B., & Neerincx, M. A. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08596-8_77 · Cited by 9
“This questionnaire was adapted from the Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) [7] and the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS) [4], containing five questions to measure self-reported competence, annoyance, challenge, and positive and negative affect, and four questions to measure intrinsic motivation, identified regulati…”
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“As stated by Guay, Vallerand, and Blanchard [21], intrinsic motivation refers to carrying out an activity for itself, experiencing pleasure and satisfac- tion inherent in the activity; extrinsic motivation, on the other side, is related to a wide variety of behaviors where the goals of action extend beyond those inher…”
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“…styles, or even more types of motivation variables like different motivational regulations of extrinsic motivation (i.e. integrated, identified, introjected, and external regulation) in SDT (Guay et al., 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2020) or other motivation constructs in AGT (Scherrer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundBos-Nehles, A. C., & van Riemsdijk, M. J. (2014) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1877-636120140000014013 · Cited by 9
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“…para aprender, em sintonia com essa Teoria Sociocognitiva da Motivação, tanto na literatura estrangeira (Guay et al., 2010; Guay et al., 2005; Guay et al., 2000; Vallerand et al., 1992, 1993), quanto nacional (Boruchovitch, 2008a; Guimarães & Bzuneck, 2008; Martinelli & Genari, 2009; Neves &…”
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Kim, B., Chang, Y. K., & Kim, T.-H. (2018) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2018.015 · Cited by 11
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Dupont, J.-P., Carlier, G., Gérard, P., & Delens, C. (2009) · HAL · Cited by 9
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“After completing the writing task, participants completed the SIMS [25] and IMI scales [11].”
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“The items in the scales were based on the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS; Guay et al., 2000) and were fitted to the context of this study.”
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“Trait motivation was measured using the situational motivation scale 50 .”
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“Autonomous motivation was assessed with the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale (SIMS) developed by (Guay et al., 2000) and adapted by (Malinowska et al., 2018).”
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“For this quantitative assessment data was collected using the German “Situational Motivation Scale” (SIMS) [19], which has been validated in preceding investigations [20, 21].”
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“, 2019; Hastie & Wallhead, 2015), factors associated with intrinsic motivation (Guay et al., 2000).”
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Dargan, S., MacDonald, K. B., & Schermer, J. A. (2021) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs11090120 · Cited by 10
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Backhaus, K. B., & Heiner, K. W. (2014) · Organization Management Journal · doi:10.1080/15416518.2014.938856 · Cited by 8
“Validation studies of the intrinsic scale of the SIMS report high Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities, above .90 (Guay et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethodO’Sullivan, D. M., Doyle, J., Michalowski, W., Szymon Wilk, A., Thomas, R., & Farion, K. J. (2014) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2014.02.001 · Cited by 9
“Extrinsic motivation is external to the individual and includes measures such as rewards and incentives [22] whereas intrinsic motivation refers to an individual’s likelihood to engage in activities for the inherent satisfaction the person derives from the activity [23].”
BackgroundENGINEERING AND DESIGN: AN INTEGRATED COURSE WITH REAL WORLD PROJECTS
Khan, R. R., Ercan, M. F., Kristian, N., Ying, S. Y., & Jung, T. C. (2015) · Cited by 8
Academic fraud and motivation of modern universities students’ educational activities
Spasennikov, V., & Androsov, K. (2020) · Ergodesign · doi:10.30987/2658-4026-2020-2-72-80 · Cited by 8
Weekly patterns of motivation in students in higher education: a time series spectral analysis
Sotak, K. L., Spain, S. M., Dionne, S. D., & Yammarino, F. J. (2021) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2021.1881044 · Cited by 8
“(Elliot, 1999; Guay et al., 2000), included, ‘I felt like I had to do school work today’”
BackgroundMethodJohar, E. R., Nor, N. M., Hassan, R., & Musa, R. (2019) · Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal · doi:10.24191/apmaj.v14i1-09 · Cited by 8
Assessing the Constraints of HR Implementation: Development and Validation of a Research Instrument
Bos-Nehles, A. C., van Riemsdijk, M. J., & Looise, J. C. (2008) · University of Twente Research Information · Cited by 8
Bruno, F. E., Liporace, M. F., & Stover, J. B. (2020) · Interdisciplinaria Revista de Psicología y Ciencias Afines · doi:10.16888/interd.2020.37.1.8 · Cited by 37
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Why Is Generation Z Motivated at Work? A Qualitative Exploration
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Merola, P., Cardoso, M. B., Barreto, G., Chagas, M. C., de Oliveira, L. F., Saunders, B., & Berton, D. C. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/63461 · Cited by 9
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“Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in an activity because it is inherently interesting and enjoyable (Guay et al., 2000).”
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“A validated 16-item situational motivation (SM) survey (Guay et al., 2000), utilizing a 7-point Likert-type scale (1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree), was employed to assess participants’ SM.”
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Extended reality technology for emergency medical service training: systematic review
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Motivation for recreational sport participation and leisure constraints: a segmentation perspective
Ntovoli, A., Stavropoulou, G., Καραγιώργος, Θ., Lianopoulos, Y., Anagnostou, G., & Alexandris, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1697603 · Cited by 8
“Introjected regulation represents the least autonomous motives, as individuals are driven primarily by tangible rewards, social recognition and acceptance, social norms, and even the avoidance of negative perceptions and feelings of guilt (32).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Guay, F., Vallerand, R. J., & Blanchard, C.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Université du Québec à Montréal (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Guay, Frédéric
- Venue
- Motivation and Emotion
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 175-213
- ISSN
- 0146-7239 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6644
- OpenAlex
- W1633674991
- Semantic Scholar
- 3341e4c44829cb9f1fb472a968112765318f324a
- Cited by
- 1,579
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 111 · 2025: 134 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 122 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 8.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Motivation and Emotion (publishedVersion)
- Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Keywords
- Situational Motivation Scale, situational motivation, intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, amotivation, self-report measures, scale development, construct validity
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